Surface current and vertical thermal structure on the continental slope in Tosa Bay

In order to specify a vertical thermal structure related to surface current variation on the continental slope in Tosa Bay, Japan, we analyzed monthly regular hydrographic measurements in the years 1991–2004. Subsurface temperature below 200 m on the slope was found to vary synchronously with the vertical displacement of the main thermocline around 200 m. It is shown that the vertical-averaged temperature below 200 m is significantly correlated with an along-isobath/southwestward surface current velocity on the slope. This correlation indicates that when a strong (weak) southwestward surface current is observed, temperature below 200 m decreases (increases) simultaneously, that is, isotherms below the 200 m are displaced upward (downward) together with the main thermocline. Moreover, when the strong southwestward flow is detected, across-isobath isotherms around 200 m slope upward toward the offshore direction. Furthermore, it is suggested that as the Kuroshio axis moves offshore south of the bay, the southwestward flow tends to be weakened by the combined effect of other Kuroshio parameters such as transport and stream width as well as the Kuroshio axis position. As a result, it is inferred that the correlation between the surface current and subsurface temperature can be interpreted in terms of the formation and decay of an anticlockwise circulation interacting with a cold eddy.     

Dynamic characteristics of seasonal thermocline in the deep sea region of the South China Sea

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赤道西太平洋暖池中更新世过渡期的古海洋变化

通过对大洋钻探(ODP)第130航次807站A孔上部约25 m样品中所含浮游有孔虫的定量统计和鉴定,结合转换函数及稳定同位素分析,揭示了第四纪近1.6 Ma以来冰期旋回中赤道西太平洋的表层海水温度和温跃层深度的变化,为研究西太平洋暖池的变动提供了重要依据。研究表明,西太平洋暖池冬季表层海水温度在第四纪的冰期旋回中变化幅度超过了5℃,而温跃层深度自1.6 Ma以来有所变浅,进一步论证了西太平洋暖池的不稳定性。通过对暖池区和南海及赤道东太平洋的比较,发现南海南部和暖池的海水在第四纪具有较好的连通性,而南海北部则受季风控制影响较大;同时,赤道东、西太平洋及南海,自1.6 Ma以来温跃层深度都有不同程度的变浅。研究中发现中更新世过渡期(MPT)在许多古海洋学指标中都是一条重要的分界线,以此为界,对0~0.9和0.9~1.6 Ma两个时间段的暖池冬季表层海水温度、表层与次表层种浮游有孔虫氧同位素差值与地球轨道参数ETP分别作交叉频谱分析,结果显示暖池在响应全球气候转型的同时也表现出了低纬特有的热带气候变化的特征。     

ENSO循环过程中次表层海洋信号的传播和变化

利用SODA等资料分析了热带太平洋次表层海洋要素的变化特征,结果表明,ENSO循环过程中次表层异常海温信号在赤道外向西传播的路径与温跃层深度的分布有一定关系,10oN附近是气候平均温跃层深度的极小值区域,温跃层在该区域形成了一个从东到西的阻隔带,阻挡了来自赤道地区的ENSO信号继续向北传播,从而转向西传播;而南半球温跃层深度的气候分布不具备这一特征,不利于ENSO信号在南半球的向西传播。进一步的研究还表明,ENSO信号在整个循环过程中,异常海温的主周期是变化的,特别是在沿10oN附近向西传播的过程中,ENSO信号的主周期变化较大。推断西太平洋暖池区域的ENSO信号除了在循环过程中自东太平洋10oN传来的以外,还受其他因素的影响,例如局地的大气变化引起的海温异常,以及来自中高纬度的异常海温信号等因素。     

黄、东海温盐跃层的分布特征及其季节变化

利用“中韩水循环动力学合作研究”和“中国近海海洋环境综合调查”( 1 996年 4月 -1 999年 1月 )期间各季节 1 2 8°E以西的校正后的 CTD现场水文调查资料 ,对黄、东海温、盐跃层在 4个不同时期 (成长、强盛、消衰和无跃期 )的各特征值的分布特性及其季节变化作了探讨和分析。结果表明 :( 1 )黄海底层显著冷水团的存在 ,使黄海以温跃层占绝对主导地位 ;东海的沿岸海区因受长江径流的影响则以盐跃层为主导。 ( 2 )温跃层的强度主要取决于与其相联的上、下层水团的强弱。冷水团的存在是产生强跃层的根本原因。( 3)夏季东海区双温跃层从浙江近海到济州岛以南水域连成片 ,其分布范围恰好与冬季入侵陆架的黑潮水相一致。 ( 4 )长江冲淡水舌状盐跃层强度等值线在各季节的伸展情况反映了长江冲淡水在各季节的扩散情况 ,一年当中 ,其轴向先从南往北转 ,再从北往南转。 ( 5 )苏北浅滩以及台湾海峡北部终年为无跃区     

陆架海区温跃层特征量的一种计算方法--拟阶梯函数逼近法

在中国陆架海区调查获得的CDT资料表明，陆架区的水文要素垂直结构大都可以理想化为三层垂直结构模式：上均匀层、跃层和下均匀层。提出了一种用3条线段构成的拟阶梯函数拟合水文要素垂直剖面的方法，利用最小二乘法求出2个拐点的位置，即温跃层的上界和下界，取2个拐点的联线的斜率作为温跃层强度。对陆架海区各种不同的温度要素垂直结构形态整理归纳，分为正跃层、逆跃层、单方向多跃层和正逆跃层混合4种类型。各种类型均可按照一个或多个拟阶梯函数进行最小二乘拟合来获得温跃层的特征量。     

南海海域BT资料、南森站资料计算温跃层--三项示性特征的比较

南海海域海水温度调查资料主要为BT资料和南森站资料两种类型,为比较两种资料计算的温度跃层三项示性特征的区别,本文用同一种温跃层识别、统计方法分别对两种类型资料进行了判别和统计,在此基础上,绘制了南海冬、夏季跃层强度分布图。结果表明,两种类型的调查资料在计算浅温度跃层强度和上界深度上有较明显区别,BT资料的温跃层强度计算结果大于南森站资料,温度跃层上界较南森站资料深,温跃层厚度亦有差别,但规律不明显。两种类型资料对深温度跃层三项示性特征值的计算结果差异不明显。     

Effects of rainfall on thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen in a deep drinking water reservoir

Thermal stratification is crucial for water quality and ecological processes in deep lakes and reservoirs and can be substantially affected by meteorological and hydrological processes in the catchment. However, how thermal stratification responds to rainfalls of different intensities and changing hydrological processes has not been documented very well. Here, high frequency water column profiles at three stations in a large subtropical deep reservoir (Lake Qiandaohu, China) in 2017 were used to elucidate the impacts of rainfall on lake physical process and chemical environment. The impact of rainfalls on the thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen in riverine zone was more impressive than that in transitional and lacustrine zones. The effect on thermal stratification by rainfall was largely affected by the magnitude of rainfall. Moderate and heavy rainfall events could reduce the thermal stability of water column, deepen the mixing layer depth, and shape the thermocline, resulting from decrease of surface water temperature and increased inflows. While rainstorms could totally break up thermoclines in the riverine zone by high volume inflow flushing. In addition, we found that the hypoxia and anoxia initial depths increased during rainfall events in this reservoir, which were well related to the changes of mixing layer depths. This research highlights that quantifying the effects of rainfalls on thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen will be beneficial for optimizing reservoir management.     

海洋温跃层特征值的分析与计算

海洋跃层的分析计算是海洋要素值随深度变化的衍生计算,本文基于实际业务化建设经验,不同于以往大量单站温盐观测资料的跃层特征值提取完全由人工分析判断的工作方法,而是将不等距微分法、垂直梯度法和七点二次平滑等算法融合应用到跃层分析工作中,辅以人机交互模式,实现海洋温跃层特征值信息的快速分析计算和产品制作,可大幅缩减人为工作量...     

What Determines the Amplitude of ENSO Events?

In this paper, the dynamic effect of oceanic upwelling on the intensity of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is studied using a simple coupled model (Zebiak-Cane Model). The term balance analysis in the temperature variability equation shows that the anomalous upwelling of the mean vertical temperature gradient and the mean advection of the anomalous meridional temperature gradient are the two of most important factors that determine the intensity of ENSO events, in which the "vertical oceanic heat flux" in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) is the primary influencing factor. The lag correlation between "vertical heat flux (VHF)" and ENSO intensity shows that the highest correlation occurs when the former leads the latter by one to two weeks. The VHF is positively correlated with the background thermocline strength in the EEP, and an increase of both could result in strong ENSO variability. Comparison of the forced and coupled experiments suggests that the coupled process can affect both the intensity and frequency of ENSO.