热带太平洋-印度洋温跃层海温异常联合模及其演变

利用SODA次表层海温再分析资料和卫星遥感海面高度异常数据,分析了热带太平洋和印度洋温跃层海温之间的联系,提出了太平洋-印度洋温跃层海温异常联合模(PITM)的概念、并定义了该联合模指数.结果表明,联合模指数具有准两年和3~5年的年际变化周期以及2011-2012年的年际变化周期,并具有季节锁相和振幅不对称等特征.联合模的演变过程与温跃层海温异常(TOTA)的发展和传播过程紧密相联:在太平洋,TOTA一般从西太平洋出发沿赤道(5°S-5°N)向东传播,到达东太平洋之后折向北,再沿10°N-14°N纬度带向西传播到达太平洋西岸并向赤道西太平洋扩展,形成一条回路;南太平洋也有类似回路但信号较弱;在印度洋,则主要沿8°S-12°S纬度带向西传播,到达西岸后折向北,然后迅速沿赤道(1.25°S-1.25°N)向东扩展,也形成一条回路.对NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料的合成分析则表明,联合模的演变过程与大气环流尤其是纬向垂直环流(Walker环流)的变化密切相关,联合模的正位相对应着赤道印度洋区域顺时针的Walker环流以及赤道太平洋区域逆时针的Walker环流;而联合模的负相位则有相反的情况.此外,联合模演变过程中,TOTA的传播发展与850 hPa异常纬向风的传播发展有很好的相关.     

基于表层及温跃层环境变量的南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数模型比较

为了量化比较海表层环境及温跃层环境对南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场分布的影响程度;本研究采用2010-2012年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔船实际生产统计数据;结合卫星遥感所获取的海表面温度（sea surface temperature;SST）和海表面高度（sea surface height;SSH）数据以及Argo浮标所获取的温跃层上、下界水温和深度数据;运用外包络法分别构建了基于海表层环境变量、温跃层上界环境变量以及温跃层下界环境变量的3种栖息地适应性指数（habitat suitability index;HSI）模型。模型验证结果显示;基于海表层环境变量的HSI模型;HSI>0.6时所占产量比重为70.04%;投钩数量比重为70.86%;HSI>0.8时所占产量比重为24.92%;投钩数量比重为25.79%;基于温跃层上界环境变量的HSI模型;HSI>0.6时所占产量比重为82.17%;投钩数量比重为80.95%;HSI>0.8时所占产量比重为33.24%;投钩数量比重为32.69%;基于温跃层下界环境变量的HSI模型;HSI>0.6时所占产量比重为81.01%;投钩数量比重为81.54%;HSI>0.8时所占产量比重为43.51%;投钩数量比重为43.73%。研究发现;基于温跃层上界和下界环境变量的两个HSI模型预报精度明显高于基于表层环境变量的HSI模型;且基于温跃层下界环境变量的HSI模型预报精度高于基于温跃层上界环境变量的HSI模型。研究结果表明;相较于海表层环境;温跃层环境;尤其是温跃层下界环境特征对南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼资源分布的影响更为显著。     

Further evidence for the existence of sub‐littoral populations of toheroa,Amphidesma ventricosum Gray (eulamelli‐branchiata), off the west coast of New Zealand

The finding of shells of toheroa (Amphidesma ventricosum Gray) which had been drilled by gastropods absent from the littoral zone, is presented as evidence for the existence of sub‐littoral populations of toheroa.     

The Mechanism of the 20°C Isotherm Depth Oscillations for the Bay of Bengal

The monthly variation of thermocline depth in terms of 20°C isotherm depth (Z20) in the Bay of Bengal has been studied using SODA and ARGO datasets. During a southwest monsoon, the Bay of Bengal is deepest in the western basin and shallowest in the eastern basin while it is the opposite during northeast monsoon. The Z20 oscillation is not only affected by semiannual reversing wind forcing but also influenced by coastal Kelvin waves from the eastern coast and remote effect from the Northern Indian Ocean and Malacca Strait. A linear relationship between SSHA and Z20 has been found from both SODA and observational studies.     

Effects of the surface wave-induced mixing on circulation in an isopycnal-coordinate oceanic circulation model

The influence of the nonbreaking surface wave-induced mixing under the mixed layer on the oceanic circulation was investigated using an isopycnal-coordinate oceanic circulation model. The effect of the wave-induced mixing within the mixed layer was eliminated via a bulk mixed layer model. The results show that the wave-induced mixing can penetrate through the mixed layer and into the oceanic interior. The wave-induced mixing under the mixed layer has an important effect on the distribution of temperature of the upper ocean at middle and high latitudes in summer, especially the structure of the seasonal thermocline. Moreover, the wave-induced mixing can affect the oceanic circulation, such as western boundary currents and the North Equatorial Currents through changes of sea surface height associated with the variation of the thermal structure of the upper ocean.     

一个分层水库温跃层的模拟与验证

以西安金盆水库为例,建立了分层水库水温结构的数值模拟方法,并以实测数据进行模型验证.运用Fluent软件数值研究了不同短波辐射强度及短波辐射衰减系数条件下温跃层的形成过程与特性.水库水面总传热量在春、夏季为正值,在秋、冬季为负值,长波辐射是水面总传热量的主要影响因素,短波辐射则是温跃层形成的主要影响因素.随短波辐射衰减系数的降低,温跃层厚度增加,温跃层内温度梯度减小,短波辐射衰减系数值与实测的藻类浓度存在良好的正相关性.水库具有极限短波辐射强度,温跃层内温差随水面短波辐射强度的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势;但水面短波辐射强度过高时,难以达到热平衡而形成稳定的温跃层.     

新安江水库(千岛湖)热力学状况及热力分层研究

利用2012年1-12月在新安江水库(千岛湖)6个点位的每月一次的水温及其他环境因子的周年观测资料,分析了水库水温逐月变化、季节变化、垂直分布及温跃层的形成与变化,探讨了温跃层特征量(温跃层深度、厚度、强度)与表层水温、水体透明度的关系.新安江水库表层和中层水温与气温存在显著的线性相关,又以表层水温线性关系最好,而下层水温与气温没有显著相关性,说明下层水温受气温的影响很小,全年处于相对恒温状态.水库表层和中层水温逐月变化明显,呈现夏季最高、春秋季次之、冬季最低的变化趋势,其中中层水温最高值出现的季节较表层水温明显后延,下层水温没有明显的逐月变化和季节变化.水温垂直分布显示,4个季节均存在不同程度的温跃层和温度分层现象,其中水深最深的大坝前水温分层最明显.小金山、三潭岛和大坝前3个典型点位从春季的4月份到冬季的2月份温跃层深度由1.61±0.47 m逐渐增加至39.37±5.35 m,而温跃层厚度和强度则在夏季最高、冬季最低,温跃层随着季节的变化呈现增强稳定减弱消失的周期变化.温跃层深度与水体透明度存在显著正相关,与表层水温存在显著负相关,并基于透明度和表层水温建立温跃层深度的多元线性回归模型.     

Regime shifts in the North Pacific simulated by a COADS-driven Isopycnal model

The Miami Isopycnal Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) is adopted to simulate the intevdecadal variability in the Pacific Ocean with most emphasis on regime shifts in the North Pacific. The computational domain covers 60°N to 40°S with an enclosed boundary condition for momentum flux, whereas there are thermohalirie fluxes across the southern end as a restoring term. In addition, sea surface salinity of the model relaxes to the climatological season cycle, which results in climatological fresh water fluxes. Surface forcing functions from January 1945 through December 1998 are derived from the Comprehensive Ocean and Atmospheric Data Set (COADS). Such a numerical experiment reproduces the observed evolution of the interdecadal variability in the heat content over the upper 400-m layer by a two-year lag. Subduction that occurs at the ventilated thermocline in the central North Pacific is also been simulated and the subducted signals propagate from 35°N to 25°N, taking about 8 to 10 years, in agreement wit