沿黄河地带——我国国土开发布局轴线

沿黄河地带是我国重要能源和金属资源富集区,发挥组合资源优势,强化以水资源为特色的复合轴线的作用,发展多元主导工业部门,构成大范围线状分布和小范围点状集中相结合的点轴系统,进一步完善我国沿海、沿江、沿黄三大经济开发轴线的互补格局。     

地中电偶极源极低频电磁场的分布与传播特征

利用层状大地中偶极源响应的正演算法, 计算地中电偶极源激发的极低频地震电磁场并分析其在地球环境下的传播特征.设计了多个水平层状地球模型, 分别模拟和展示了深埋地中的电偶极源的响应和空间分布特征.重点分析了含地壳波导+LAI波导模型的高阻大地中, 倾斜电偶极源激励响应随观测点的偏移距和垂直位置、激励源深度、地壳波导结构和参数变化时各场量响应的幅频特征.研究表明, 用倾斜电偶极源模拟和分析高阻大地中孕震电磁辐射的响应及在大地电磁系统中的传播特性是可行的; 模拟的高阻大地中的电磁辐射在地壳波导和LAI波导中均表现有慢衰减或幅值增强特性, 但两个波导效应具有不同的频率选择性; 高阻大地中的电磁辐射在波导的高阻介质中具有幅值强、衰减慢的特点.建议在高阻地层出露的地表、井中或海底的高阻岩层中以及大气层中布设测站.

     

西畴县近48年来降水及气温小波分析

利用连续小波分析1962～2009年西畴县年降水量和年平均气温序列的小波变化特征,揭示了西畴县降水量与平均气温存在多时间尺度的周期变化特征。其中降水有2个明显的特征时间尺度,分别是4年和8年,平均气温存在以准2～4年为周期的周期振荡。此外,也可以看出近48年来,平均气温存在明显升高的趋势,降水也有减少的趋势,为掌握西畴县的气候变化规律及今后的气象预报服务工作提供了一定的参考价值。     

The impacts of urbanization on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region

The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from steep man-dumped slope is 10.8-12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system. Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas in the Loess Plateau.     

90年代中国省级区域经济与环境协调度分析

在阐述经济环境协调度理论的基础上,建立了环境承载力与经济发展水平之间的协调度模型。并通过对90年代我国省级区域的实证分析,发现我国空间区域经济环境协调度基本符合“U”型曲线,区域经济发展模式大多以牺牲环境为代价,特别是中西部地区的问题比较严重。     

珠江三角洲三水盆地早全新世以来 孢粉分析与古环境重建

为了深入探讨珠江三角洲的沉积古环境和古气候历史,在三水市区获取了2个高取芯率的钻孔岩芯,进行了12个AMS 14C测年,并结合孢粉、硅藻等分析结果探讨三水地区全新世的海平面与河流水动力变化,以及古植被演替过程。结果表明：钻孔所在区域全新世沉积总体从9 000 cal. a B.P.左右开始,呈现河流相―河湾相―河口湾相―潮坪相―河口湾相―河漫滩相的演变过程。三水区的早全新世沉积阶段年代最早为9 000 cal. a B.P.左右,表现为河口湾相的淤泥质粉砂沉积,硅藻以淡水种类为主,最高沉积速率为1.6 cm/a。海侵初始时间为8 700 cal. a B.P.左右,最高海平面时间为7 600 cal. a B.P.左右,此时海岸带发育红树林,丘陵山地发育较茂盛的亚常绿热带常绿阔叶林;中―晚全新世阶段（6 500―2 200 cal. a B.P.）,以泥炭粉砂沉积为主,沉积速率为0.2~0.5 cm/a,河口区高潮线附近及河流弯道低洼滩地在5 000 cal. a B.P.前后形成淡水沼泽、河口三角洲边缘区洼地水松林发育。在晚全新世（2 200 cal. a B.P.左右）以来,陆相黏土质沉积指示河口泥沙快速堆积,三角洲平原迅速扩大,沉积速率高达1.7 cm/a。孢粉结果显示次生的芒箕孢子剧增,陆地植被稀疏,人类活动显著增强。     

利益相关者对旅游产业的认知差异分析

基于一般系统论和博弈论理论,对旅游产业利益相关者进行界定,分析了各利益主体对旅游产业认知差异,认为主要表现在政策、经济、社会文化、环境保护等4个方面.由于认知差异的存在,各利益主体行为对旅游产业产生了正面影响和负面影响,针对负面影响提出了相应的对策,旨在促进旅游产业发展达到一种利益均衡、责权对称的状态.     

基于多时相Landsat影像的中亚地区植被覆盖遥感监测

针对中亚地区的强生态脆弱性、高敏感性特征,有必要开展广域、长期的植被覆盖监测以匹配"绿色丝绸之路"的可持续发展目标。鉴于此,联合Landsat 5和Landsat 8卫星数据集,利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)地理空间数据云计算平台,估算了中亚地区1993—2018年间共12期的植被覆盖度。结果表明:(1)中亚地区植被覆盖总体水平较低,但也具有较为显著的空间异质性。(2)中亚地区1993—2018年间多数区域植被覆盖趋势较为稳定,哈萨克斯坦丘陵、费尔干纳盆地等区域植被覆盖度呈增加趋势,乌拉尔河流域和锡尔河流域等区域植被覆盖趋势为负。(3)植被覆盖度时序特征上,中亚地区1993—2018年间总体植被覆盖度累积增加3%,其中吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦植被覆盖分别增加3.96%和5.86%。(4)裸土区呈退缩趋势,面积总计减少25.9×104km2,低植被覆盖区、中植被覆盖区和高植被覆盖区范围在呈现出的振荡式增加。研究结合遥感大数据和地理云计算对中亚地区进行区域尺度的植被覆盖动态监测,能对中亚地区生态评估和演替分析提供技术支持和定量数据。     

Quantitative classification and analysis on plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.     

Water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin

During the development of Qaidam Basin, which is an arid area in Northwest China, rational water resources utilization and optimization are primal prerequisites, and the main restrictive factors include the following facts: scarcy water resources are non-substitutional and uneven distributed in time and space. Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper adopts Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, and succeeds in getting the best plan, which can o…