基于ArcGIS与ERDAS IMAGINE的三维地形可视化

以香港特别行政区为例,利用1∶20000地形图在ArcGIS中建立高精度DEM,采用陆地卫星ETM 影像制作的正射影像作为三维表面的纹理信息,结合ERDASIMAGINE良好的三维显示功能,在自定义的投影坐标系统下,通过DEM和遥感正射影像的叠加,实现了三维地形可视化。     

Investigation of Low-Frequency Perturbations Induced by a Steep Obstacle

Flow perturbation due to the orographic forcing at the top of a steep ridge has been investigated. Spectral and wavelet analyses of longitudinal and vertical wind velocity components highlight the presence of low-frequency perturbations produced by topography. Wavelet kurtosis reveals the intermittent character of these perturbations. The application of a multi-resolution data filter allows the detection of the topographically forced structures and the consequent statistical characterisation. The detected topographically forced structures remain active only for a 15% of the time on average. Nevertheless, they appear very efficient in the momentum transport, accounting for about 50% of the downward momentum flux produced in the low frequency range. Quadrant analysis highlights how topographical forcing produces the weakening of ejections and the strengthening of sweeps at the top of the ridge.     

红透山式块状硫化物铜锌矿床古火山环境及与成矿关系研究

“红透山式”块状硫化物铜锌矿床的成矿作用主要出现在三个较大的火山喷发-沉积旋迴中，双峰式火山岩构成了“红透山式”矿床的含矿岩系。呈透镜状、扁豆状的火山碎屑岩的发现为研究该类矿床提供了较为直观的地质依据。稀散元素和硫同位素特征亦表明该类矿床为古火山机构控制的海底火山喷发-沉积矿床。总结归纳了火山作用与成矿的关系。     

虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究

地物的几何建模技术是虚拟地景仿真中最重要的研究领域之一。重点对几何形态建模、纹理映射建模等技术进行了较为详细的论述,并建成了“虚拟小区”3维视景模型。     

The derivation of skeleton lines for terrain features

The geometric and physical analysis methods are conventional methods for the derivation of skeleton lines in the fields of cartography,digital photogrammetry,and related areas.this paper proposes a stepwise approach that uses the physical analysis method in the first stage and the geometric analysis method in the subsequent stage.The physical analysis method analyses the terrain globally to obtain a rough set of skeleton lines for a terrain surface.The rough skeleton lines help to structure the ordering of feature points by the geometric analysis method.     

遥感影像三维地形建模技术探讨——以昆明市为例

以昆明市为例，利用1：50000纸质地形图在ArcGIS中完成等高线矢量化，并在ERDAS中建立高精度的DEM数据。再采用ETM＋影像制作的昆明市正射影像作为三维表面的纹理信息，应用ERDAS IMAGINE8．7的VirtualGIS模块，在相同的投影坐标系统下，将数字高程模型（DEM）数据与遥感正射影像进行叠加实现了昆明市的三维地形可视化。     

Use of terrain variables for mapping gully erosion susceptibility in Lebanon

This paper predicts the geographic distribution and size of gullies across central Lebanon using a geographic information system (GIS) and terrain analysis. Eleven primary (elevation; upslope contributing area; aspect; slope; plan, profile and tangential curvature; flow direction; flow width; flow path length; rate of change of specific catchment area along the direction of flow) and three secondary (steady‐state; quasi‐dynamic topographic wetness; sediment transport capacity) topographic variables were generated and used along with digital data collected from other sources (soil, geology) to statistically explain gully erosion field measurements. Three tree‐based regression models were developed using (1) all variables, (2) primary topographic variables only and (3) different pairs of variables. The best regression tree model combined the steady‐state topographic wetness and sediment transport capacity indices and explained 80% of the variability in field gully measurements. This model proved to be simple, quick, realistic and practical, and it can be applied to other areas of the Mediterranean region with similar environmental conditions, thereby providing a tool to help with the implementation of plans for soil conservation and sustainable management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄土塬区高精度重力勘探的校正技术

黄土塬区地形起伏大,地表黄土切割剧烈。地形起伏导致黄土厚度巨大变化,由于黄土密度与下伏地层之间存在较大的密度差异,由此产生了具有一定幅值的高频重力异常,并给重力勘探资料的处理、解释带来了困难。在SHJZ构造带高精度重力勘探中,综合运用了地形校正和黄土校正技术,有效地克服了由于地形起伏和黄土厚度变化对重力勘探产生的不利影响,取得了精确的重力资料。并将该重力异常,结合其它物探资料进行综合解释,对圈定局部构造发挥了积极的作用。     

一种非固定倍率的全球3维地形数据的组织方式

针对全球3维可视化地形数据,提出了一种较为灵活的、与传统方式不同的、非固定倍率的组织方式以及计算方法,该方法没有将数据的各级分辨率层设定为固定的纯2倍关系,而是一套可以通过限制条件来确定分层分级的方法,用户可以根据不同的需要,对不同数据来源采用不同的方式进行组织,实现了3维地形数据的灵活组织。     

基于3维GIS的地形可视化及其应用

借助GIS强大的空间数据处理和3维可视化分析功能，以长江中游湖北地区为试验区，利用现有的遥感影像、数字高程模型（DEM）和地理要素的矢量数据，实现了地形的3维可视化和地表分析。解决超大数据量数字高程模型（DEM）快速显示的算法，研究了基于3维场景空间分析的理论，最后对系统的实现做了简要介绍。