Changes in the spatial scale of Beijing UHI and urban development

The seasonal and interannual variations of Beijing urban heat island (UHI) are investigated in this paper using the temperature data from 1960 to 2000 at 20 meteorological stations in the Beijing region, and then the relationship between the intensity and spatial scale of UHI and Beijing urbanization indices is analyzed and discussed. Main conclusions are the followings. First, Beijing UHI shows obvious seasonal variations, and it is strongest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer. The seasonal variation of the UHI mainly occurs in the urban area. The UHI intensity at the center of Beijing is more than 0.8℃ in winter, and only 0.5℃ in summer. Second, the intensity of Beijing HUI exhibits a clear interannual warming trend with its mean growth rate (MGR) being 0.3088℃/10 a. The MGR of HUI is largest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer, and the urban temperature increase makes a major contribution to the growth of HUI intensity. Third, since the Reform and Opening, the urbanization indices have grown several ten times or even one hundred times, the intensity of HUI has increased dramatically, and its spatial scale also expanded distinctively along with the expansion of urban architectural complexes. Fourth, the interannual variation of urbanization indices is very similar with that of HUI intensity, and their linear correlation coefficients are significant at a more than 0.001 confidence level.     

Effect of shipping activity on warming trends in the Canadian Arctic

This paper presents a detailed account of the effect of shipping activity on the increasing trends of air temperatures in the Canadian Arctic region for the period of 1980–2018. Increasing trend of temperature has gained significant attention with respect to shipping activities and sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic. Temperature, sea ice area and shipping traffic datasets were investigated, and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict the rate of change(per decade) of the average temperature, considering winter(January) and summer(July) seasons. The results indicate that temperature generally increased over the studied region. Significant warming trend was observed during July, with an increase of up to 1℃, for the Canadian Arctic region. Such increasing trend of temperature was observed during July from the lower to higher latitudes. The increase in temperature during July is speculated to increase the melting of ice. Results also show a decline in sea ice area has a significant positive effect on the shipping traffic, and the numbers of marine vessel continue to increase in the region. The increase in temperature causes the breaking of sea ice due to shipping activities over northern Arctic Canada.     

东北地区冬半年积雪与气温对冻土的影响

利用东北地区121个气象站逐日冻土深度、积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温及降水量数据,分析了1964—2017年冬半年冻土的变化特征及气象要素对冻土的影响.结果表明:东北地区积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温与冻土深度相关系数较高,降水量相关性不大.20世纪60年代平均气温、地表平均气温及负积温最低,最大冻土深度为历年代...     

气候变化背景下江苏河蟹养殖高温热害风险评估

利用江苏省及周边共85个气象站观测资料,筛选出夏季高温强度、持续时间、降水量和日照时数作为高温热害的关键气象因子,构建高温热害综合指数。在此基础上,利用高温热害发生频率和河蟹因灾死亡率加权建立风险评估模型,将河蟹高温热害风险划分为三个等级,结合地形和土壤的适宜性,最终得出江苏河蟹高温热害风险区划图。结果发现,河蟹高温热害的高风险区位于以高淳为中心的江苏西南部,沿淮和淮北东部沿海地区风险值最低,淮北西部—沿江东部的风险值介于二者之间。年代际高风险区面积有逐渐扩大趋势,1991年以来已外扩到沿江和苏南大部分地区,达到历史极值。河蟹高温热害风险增大,需加强防范。     

基于光纤光栅的高精度测温传感器研究

利用光纤光栅对温度和应变同时敏感的特性,我们设计制作了一款满足地震前兆观测中地温观测精度要求的双金属光纤光栅温度传感器,并首次对温度增敏后的光纤光栅传感器样品进行了精度分析,得到该传感器的精度达到士0.05℃,获得了现今光纤光栅温度传感器最高的分辨率0.0014℃/pm.该传感器的成功研制从实验上证明了光纤光栅用于地震前兆观测的可行性,为地震前兆观测的光学化打下了坚实的基础.     

基于GIS的日照市气温分布式模拟

地表气温分布受多种因素的影响,尤以海拔高度和地形最为显著。以山东省日照市为例,利用1?5万DEM数据,借助研究区及周边6个气象站点1971-2000年的气温资料,运用ARC/INFO软件对气温数据进行样条函数法内插后,通过气温直减率法和辐射差值与温度的相关关系对内插结果进行海拔高度和地形的订正,得到研究区实际地表温度空间分布图,为日照市农业实践活动提供气温空间分布资料。     

风廓线雷达在重污染天气与逆温层关系研究中的应用

本文利用气象要素地面观测和环境空气质量监测数据,结合对流层风廓线雷达探测资料,深入研究了2013-2019年发生在青岛地区的65个重污染天气的逆温层变化特征及其与重污染天气的关系.结果表明:(1)青岛地区的重污染天气主要发生在12月至次年1月,重污染发生当日的空气质量指数(Air quality iudex AQI)有...     

利用区域尺度气象模式模拟黑河地区地表能量通量的研究

应用中尺度区域模式RAMS (the regional atmospheric model system), 在40余组不同参数的条件下模拟中国干旱半干旱黑河地区的地表能量通量和土壤温度特征, 并以此探索模式在干旱半干旱地区的适用性。为了证明模拟结果的准确性和模式的稳定性, 模拟连续运行30天, 其中包含晴好和阴雨的天气过程。模拟结果表明: 即使使用较为可靠的NECP再分析气压层资料和实地探测资料, 进行初始场和参数的输入, RAMS的默认设置也很难较为合理地反演出地表能量通量, 只有合理地调整好其土壤特征参数, RAMS才能得到与实测资料符合得较好的结果。土壤特征参数对模拟结果影响较大, 影响因子的重要性依次为: 土壤含水量、 土壤层总厚度、 土壤温度。     

GM4型磁通门磁力仪性能检验方法

目前,磁通门磁力仪广泛应用于观测地球磁场相对变化的仪器。相对于应用,仪器的性能测试不为人们所熟悉。本文针对GM4型磁通门磁力仪的噪声特性,频率特性,线性度,温度特性等关键性能指标的测试依据、测试方法及流程给予详细的阐述。     

中国大陆井水位与水温动态对汶川MS 8.0地震的同震响应特征分析

分析了汶川MS8.0地震在中国大陆引起的水位、水温同震变化特征,对比研究了2007年9月12日印尼苏门答腊MS8.5远震和汶川MS8.0近震在四川及其附近地区引起的水位、水温同震变化差异,结果表明:汶川地震在中国大陆引起的水位同震变化以上升为主,同时水位上升与下降的井点空间分布表现出一定的分区性;水位、水温同方向阶变的井点数比例高于两者反方向阶变井点数比例,当水位同震变化为振荡型时,水温以下降型为主;相对于远震,近震引起的水位、水温同震变化井点数量增加,无变化井点数量减少;所有井水位和大多数井水温同震阶变的方向都不因地震的远近、大小、震源机制或地震方位的变化而改变,个别发生水温同震升降方向变化的井点是由于水的自流状态和水位同震阶变由振荡转为阶变的改变所引起;水位同震升降性质受控于当地的地质构造环境和水文地质条件,而水温同震变化还与地震波引起的井孔中水的运动方式、水温探头放置的位置等因素有关,其机理更为复杂