利用TMI资料估计西北太平洋热带气旋强度的客观方法

利用2007—2009年热带降雨测量卫星(TRMM)微波成像仪(TMI)观测的亮温资料,建立一种西北太平洋热带气旋强度(Tropical Cyclone,TC)的估计模型,对2010年热带气旋进行独立估计试验,并对估计误差进行分析。结果表明:该模型对强度小于强台风TC的拟合效果较好,均方根误差约为5 m/s,平均绝对误差约为4 m/s;对强台风和超强台风TC的拟合误差较大,均方根误差分别为9.65和6.60 m/s,平均绝对误差分别为7.76和5.49 m/s;对强台风及以上强度的TC,模型的拟合误差在日(夜)间减小(增大),误差最小(大)值为6.00 m/s(11.96 m/s),说明估计值在日(夜)间偏大(小)。     

Heating Stage Experimental Study of Melt Inclusions in Feldspars from Three Holocene Eruptions of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano

There occurred several eruptions from Changbaishan Tianchi volcano in Holocene, and at least three of them were believed to be true according to the formal studies. The products of three eruptions were yellow comenditic pumice of - 5000a B.P. （Eruption Ⅰ ）, gray comenditic pumice and pyroclastic flow of - 1000a B.P. （ Eruption II, i.e. the millennium explosive eruption）, black trachy pumice and welded tuff of - 300a B.P. （ Eruption Ⅲ ） respectively. There were a large number of melt inclusions found in phenocrysts, which differ in size and color. The Leitz 1350 heating stage experiments for melt inclusions in host feldspars from three Holocene eruptions of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano imply that there were little differences between the homogenization temperatures of melt inclusions from Eruptions Ⅰ and Ⅲ, whereas it was rather complicated for Eruption H, i.e. there might be two kinds of melt with different homogenization temperature periods, which gave the evidence for the assumption that the explosive millennium eruption of Tianchi volcano was triggered by injection and mixing of two different magmas. The experimental results also indicate that （ 1 ） small melt inclusion is easy to be homogenized, while the large one, especially the one with lots of daughter crystals, is rather difficult to be homogenized; （2） homogenization temperature closely correlates with the size of melt inclusion within host crystal, with the temperature point switching from high heating rate to low heating rate, and correlates with whether it is the first time to obtain homogenization as well; and （3） a melt inclusion can get different homogenization temperatures when it is repeatedly heated. Even more, the next homogenization temperature is usually higher than the former one, which testifies the phenomenon that hydrogen migration occurs during repeated heating.     

基于热-水-力-损伤耦合数值模型的高地温水工高压隧洞围岩承载特性

针对高地温水工高压隧洞围岩的力学行为特点,在考虑岩体的渗透系数、热传导系数随岩体损伤发生变化的基础上,基于多物理场耦合理论,提出一种考虑硬岩强度力学参数劣化的含损伤演化的热-水-力-损伤耦合模型,并给出了该模型的FLAC3D数值实现方法。通过与物理模型试验结果对比,验证了模型的可靠性,进而利用该模型推演了高地温水工高压隧洞的多物理场耦合演化过程,分析了不同影响因素下的承载特性。研究结果表明：隧洞充水运行后,高地温水工高压隧洞的多场耦合效应显著,尤其高地温梯度和高内水压力联合作用下产生的迭加拉应力对围岩的承载安全具有不利影响;温度梯度、内水压力以及岩体线膨胀系数越大,隧洞围岩的损伤程度与开裂深度越大;当隧洞横断面的侧压力系数趋向于1时,洞周出现的宏观裂缝较多,且出现方位不确定;当隧洞横断面侧压力系数小于1/3时,洞周出现的宏观裂缝相对较少,且主要出现在与初始地应力的最大主应力方向相平行的方向上。常规锚喷支护对高地温水工高压隧洞的加固效果不佳。     

阿留申低压一组环流指数与北半球海气异常的关系

定义了一组描述冬季季、月平均1 000 h Pa位势高度上阿留申低压(Aleutian low,AL)状态的新环流指数,包括强度指数P、面积指数S及中心位置指数(λ_c,φ_c)。采用1948/1949—2007/2008年60个冬季的NCEP/NCAR平均高度场资料计算了上述环流指数,并据此分析了AL的气候及异常规律。结果表明:1)AL在1月最强,中心偏南、偏西;12月最弱,中心偏北、偏东;2月居中。2)AL指数P与λ_c之间存在负相关,强年('0)偏东(λ'0)、弱年偏西。AL年代际变化主要表现在自20世纪70年代以来持续偏强、偏东,但近年有反转的迹象。3)AL在强El Nio年偏强、偏东,在强La Nia年相反,该关系自1975年以后尤其明显;AL与中纬太平洋海表温度(SST)存在显著正相关,SST负异常年AL东移加强,反之亦然。4)AL指数P与同期北半球中高纬气温、降水的显著相关区呈现"+-+"大圆波列分布,相关中心分别位于中纬度北太平洋、北美西北部、北美南部,与太平洋—北美遥相关型(PNA)接近。     

Geochemistry of Ore Fluids and Rb-Sr Isotopic Dating for the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaoning, China

On the basis of detailed geological studies of the Wulong gold deposit, three metallogenic stages can be identified. With quartz fluid inclusions as an object of study, the authors investigated phase characteristics, compositional variations, temperature and pressure changes, fluid evolution, Pb isotope tracing and Rb-Sr isotopic dating of fluid inclusions entrapped in the above three metallogenic stages. The results show that Na+ is decreased obviously with metallogenic evolution, while K+ and other cations and gas compositions (H2, CO, CH4 and CO2) are increased slightly, and that the temperature and salinity vary in a pulsating manner along with the metallogenic evolution. Inverse calculation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that at the first metallogenic stage the fluids were magmatic water, at the second stage they were dominated by magmatic water with a minor amount of meteoric water involved, and at the third stage, i.e., the final stage of metallogenesis, the fluids were composed complete     

High to ultrahigh temperature contact metamorphism and dry partial melting of the Tasiuyak paragneiss,Northern Labrador

Contact aureoles of the anorthositic to granitic plutons of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS), Labrador, are particularly well developed in the Palaeoproterozoic granulite facies, metasedimentary, Tasiuyak gneiss. Granulite facies regional metamorphism (M_R), c. 1860 Ma, led to biotite dehydration melting of the paragneiss and melt migration, leaving behind biotite‐poor, garnet–sillimanite‐bearing quartzofeldspathic rocks. Subsequently, Tasiuyak gneiss within a c. 1320 Ma contact aureole of the NPS was statically subjected to lower pressure, but higher temperature conditions (M_C), leading to a second partial melting event, and the generation of complex mineral assemblages and microstructures, which were controlled to a large extent by the textures of the M_R assemblage. This control is clearly seen in scanning electron microscopic images of thin sections and is further supported by phase equilibria modelling. Samples collected within the contact aureole near Anaktalik Brook, west of Nain, Labrador, mainly consist of spinel–cordierite and orthopyroxene–cordierite (or plagioclase) pseudomorphs after M_R sillimanite and garnet, respectively, within a quartzofeldspathic matrix. In addition, some samples contain fine‐grained intergrowths of K‐feldspar–quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene inferred to be pseudomorphs after osumulite. Microstructural evidence of the former melt includes (i) coarse‐grained K‐feldspar–quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene domains that locally cut the rock fabric and are inferred to represent neosome; (ii) very fine‐ to medium‐grained cordierite–quartz intergrowths interpreted to have formed by a reaction involving dissolution of biotite and feldspar in melt; and (iii) fine‐scale interstitial pools or micro‐cracks filled by feldspar interpreted to have crystallized from melt. Ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions during contact metamorphism are supported by (i) solidus temperatures >900 °C estimated for all samples, coupled with extensive textural evidence for contact‐related partial melting; (ii) the inferred (former) presence of osumilite; and (iii) titanium‐in‐quartz thermometry indicating temperatures within error of 900 °C. The UHT environment in which these unusual textures and minerals were developed was likely a consequence of the superposition of more than one contact metamorphic event upon the already relatively anhydrous Tasiuyak gneiss.     

1956-2006年中国高温日数的变化趋势

 利用全国541个站的均一化日最高气温资料,分析了高温日数的时空变化特征及其对全球变暖的响应。结果表明：1956-2006年我国高温日数有两个高值中心,分别出现在吐鲁番盆地和江南地区。高温日数呈现"增加－减少－增加"的趋势;新疆的高温日数有准3 a的周期变化,中国东部4个地区的高温日数都存在3～6 a的周期变化。中东部地区高温日数由减少转变为增加趋势的时间并不一致,随着纬度的增加而逐渐延迟。     

IOD对ENSO影响中国夏季降水和气温的干扰作用

使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了"单纯"ENSO事件、"单纯"IOD事件以及有IOD事件伴随发生的ENSO事件对中国夏季降水和气温的影响.结果表明:"单纯"ENSO事件、"单纯"IOD事件对中国夏季降水和气温均有显著影响,当El Nino年有正IOD事件同时发生时,我国北方地区水汽增加,华北降水偏少现象得到抑制,我国大陆气温有所上升;当La Nina年有负IOD事件同时发生时,北方地区的水汽减少,不利于华北地区的降水,我国大陆气温有所下降.     

江苏省夏季气温异常的海气背景

通过1961－1998年江苏省11个站点夏季（6－8月）平均气温的EOF分析，探讨江苏省夏温异常的时空分布结构，并在此基础上，分析其前期及同期500hPa高度距平场、海温距平场的特征，得到了一些对本地夏季气温异常预测有意义的结果。