汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4孔强缩径地层钻进工艺研究

介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4孔强缩径地层钻进的技术问题。在分析地层缩径机理和影响因素的基础上,提出了强缩径地层的钻进工艺措施。措施在WFSD-4孔中实施取得了显著的效果。     

Physical analog (centrifuge) model investigation of contrasting structural styles in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau,northern Pakistan

We use scaled physical analog (centrifuge) modeling to investigate along- and across-strike structural variations in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau of the Himalayan foreland fold-thrust belt of Pakistan. The models, composed of interlayered plasticine and silicone putty laminae, comprise four mechanical units representing the Neoproterozoic Salt Range Formation (basal detachment), Cambrian–Eocene carapace sequence, and Rawalpindi and Siwalik Groups (Neogene molasse), on a rigid base representing the Indian craton. Pre-cut ramps simulate basement faults with various structural geometries.A pre-existing north-dipping basement normal fault under the model foreland induces a frontal ramp and a prominent fault-bend-fold culmination, simulating the Salt Range. The ramp localizes displacement on a frontal thrust that occurs out-of-sequence with respect to other foreland folds and thrusts. With a frontal basement fault terminating to the east against a right-stepping, east-dipping lateral ramp, deformation propagates further south in the east; strata to the east of the lateral ramp are telescoped in ENE-trending detachment folds, fault-propagation folds and pop-up structures above a thick basal detachment (Salt Range Formation), in contrast to translated but less-deformed strata with E–W-trending Salt-Range structures to the west. The models are consistent with Salt Range–Potwar Plateau structural style contrasts being due to basement fault geometry and variation in detachment thickness.     

测井资料在碳酸盐岩储层评价中的应用

以塔河油田碳酸盐岩储集层基本特征为依据，利用常规和能谱测井资料信息比值法和重叠法等技术．致力于储集层缝、孔、洞测井响应特征敏感性评价研究，从中提取8项储层敏感性参数，并对其进行综合评判，确定出划分储层类别的标准，经过50口井的测试资料验证，采用多参数综合评判来划分储层类别是可行的，对储层的评价效果较好，使常规测井资料得到了更深入、广泛的应用。     

中梁水库喀斯特发育区组合灌浆技术探讨

中梁水库喀斯特发育,根据其发育特点采用了以高压水泥灌浆为主,多种方法相互组合的灌浆技术,其优点在于设备配置及工艺简单、功效高、造价低等。通过对中梁水库喀斯特发育区组合灌浆处理技术进行有益的探讨,为喀斯特地区水库防渗堵漏处理提供了一种新思路。     

土地覆盖及土地利用遥感研究进展

简要综述了国内外遥感技术在土地覆盖和土地利用方面研究的进展及新数据库的开发应用情况,并对本世纪该领域可能出现的新动向作了初步分析,为可持续发展决策提供客观准确的资料数据,可成为指导政府行为的重要依据.     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学

白云凹陷构造演化史的研究对在白云凹陷开展油气勘探和深水沉积研究具有重要的意义。通过对断裂与沉积结构平面和剖面特点的分析,结合岩浆活动特点,文中提出白云凹陷是一个复式地堑,推测这种结构特点与凹陷下地壳的强烈韧性减薄和颈缩变形有关,表现为热岩石圈的伸展。其发育机制推测与白云凹陷位于构造转换带上有关,特殊的构造位置使白云凹陷成为强烈构造变形区,岩石圈地壳强烈减薄,伴随伸展过程和地幔上涌,脆性地壳或上地幔中部分熔融物质的出现导致岩石圈强度的急剧降低,在区域伸展应力场下以韧性流变方式减薄。岩浆在构造转换带下聚集并发育主岩浆房,由于白云凹陷南北边缘没有发育正断裂系统,岩浆主要沿垂直伸展的方向运移,因此在珠琼运动一幕和二幕南南东向伸展应力作用下,岩浆向白云凹陷的东部和西部运移至北西向基底深大断裂处,那里由于北西向断裂表现为左行张剪性质而成为压力较低的地区,从而成为岩浆上涌和侵位的地方。在岩浆聚集的地区,活动岩浆体附近的脆性变形被分散的韧性变形所取代,因此在凹陷的东北和西南两个角上,发育了张性和张剪性小断裂群,由于热岩石圈弹性较差,白云凹陷长期持续沉降。白云凹陷的断裂活动和沉积演化史还受到南海海盆扩张活动的影响。     

形变单位在地震文献中的正确使用

针对地震观测技术论文中有关形变单位"毫秒",即10~(-3″)混用为时间单位ms的情况,笔者从单位符号的意义及观测技术仪器的工作原理出发,最终明确,地震观测仪器中倾斜仪观测量单位应为10~(-3″),不能以时间单位ms代替,二者不能混为一谈。     

Highlights of Recent Scientific Earthquake Hazard Mitigation

Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of China''s development of earthquake science. In recent years, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the People''s Republic of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation, and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th “Five-year Plan” for “Monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster”. The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC, the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable, and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed, the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.     

航测法在第二次土地调查中的应用

介绍了第二次土地调查的工作任务和特点,分析了3S技术的应用,比较了航测与遥感技术在土地调查中的发展,总结了航测法制作大比例尺正射影像底图的工作流程和利用航测软件的立体测图模块绘制图斑地类线的方法。实践证明,利用航测法制作二调工作底图能够提高地类界线的准确度从而提高地类图斑的面积计算与统计的精度;减轻外业调查工作量,优化流程,具有突出的先进性和科学性。     

PHC管桩荷载传递的试验研究和数值分析

通过在预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC桩)的桩顶、桩端及桩周各主要土层的分界面埋设应变计的静荷载试验，研究了PHC管桩的荷载传递机理，分析了轴力和桩侧摩阻力的变化规律。并以工程中PHC管桩的竖向抗压静载试验为基础，运用有限单元法对软土地区的PHC管桩桩-土相互作用进行模拟，在分析中采用弹塑性模型，引入了非线性接触面单元，并且考虑了土体的材料非线性。分析结果表明，计算值和实测值有一定的差别，但是变化趋势基本一致。