The 1024 channel digital correlator receiver of the Gauribidanur radioheliograph

A low frequency (40–150 MHz) radioheliograph for observations of the solar corona is in operation for the last few years at the Gauribidanur radio observatory, about 100 km north of Bangalore. The array has 32 antenna groups and a 1-bit digital correlator system consisting of 1024 channels is used as the back-end receiver. This paper describes the latter and results of the associated system tests.     

基于GIS组件的城市综合管网信息系统设计与实现

利用GIS技术管理城市综合管网是提高城市建设效率的有效手段。介绍了基于MAPGIS组件,运用VC 和SQL Server进行城市综合管网信息系统的设计与实现,阐述了系统的总体结构、功能模块和数据库特点等,实现了管网输入编辑、查询统计、纵横断面生成、三维显示和连通检查等功能,对于类似的GIS设计与开发实践具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

过去2000年亚洲气候变化(PAGES-Asia2k)集成研究进展及展望

介绍了国际过去全球变化研究计划(PAGES)过去2000年气候变化研究网络的设立背景、研究目的及亚洲在其中的独特性;总结了过去2000年亚洲气候变化(PAGES-Asia2k)集成研究的主要进展及中国的贡献,分析了当前在亚洲区域开展该项研究的主要问题及难点,并对未来研究进行了展望。亚洲历史悠久,高分辨率的代用资料丰富,是开展过去2000年气候变化研究的理想区域,但目前尚处于起步阶段。已有进展表明:在过去1200年中,亚洲830-1220年相对温暖,1340-1880年明显寒冷,20世纪则快速增暖;但亚洲气候类型多、变化过程复杂、区域差异大。因此,发展气候序列重建的新技术方法,提高重建序列的时、空分辨率、空间覆盖度和重建结果的精度,建立亚洲过去2000年气候代用资料数据库,集成重建过去2000年区域温度变化序列及干湿变化空间型,进而开展区域气候变化驱动机制与气候变化影响及适应研究,是该计划下一步的研究重点。     

Mineralogy,nucleation and growth of dolomite in the laboratory and sedimentary environment: A review

Dolomite [CaMg(CO₃)₂] forms in numerous geological settings, usually as a diagenetic replacement of limestone, and is an important component of petroleum reservoir rocks, rocks hosting base metal deposits and fresh water aquifers. Dolomite is a rhombohedral carbonate with a structure consisting of an ordered arrangement of alternating layers of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ cations interspersed with anion layers normal to the c‐axis. Dolomite has symmetry, lower than the (CaCO₃) symmetry of calcite primarily due to Ca–Mg ordering. High‐magnesium calcite also has symmetry and differs from dolomite in that Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions are not ordered. High‐magnesium calcite with near‐dolomite stoichiometry (≈50 mol% MgCO₃) has been observed both in nature and in laboratory products and is referred to in the literature as protodolomite or very high‐magnesium calcite. Many dolomites display some degree of cation disorder (Ca²⁺ on Mg²⁺ sites and vice versa), which is detectable using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. Laboratory syntheses at high temperature and pressure, as well as studies of natural dolomites show that factors affecting dolomite ordering, stoichiometry, nucleation and growth include temperature, alkalinity, pH, concentration of Mg and Ca, Mg to Ca ratio, fluid to rock ratio, mineralogy of the carbonate being replaced, and surface area available for nucleation. In spite of numerous attempts, dolomite has not been synthesized in the laboratory under near‐surface conditions. Examination of published X‐ray diffraction data demonstrates that assertions of dolomite synthesis in the laboratory under near‐ambient conditions by microbial mediation are unsubstantiated. These laboratory products show no evidence of cation ordering and appear to be very high‐magnesium calcite. Elevated‐temperature and elevated‐pressure experiments demonstrate that dolomite nucleation and growth always are preceded by very high‐magnesium calcite formation. It remains to be demonstrated whether microbial‐mediated growth of very high‐magnesium calcite in nature provides a precursor to dolomite nucleation and growth analogous to reaction paths in high‐temperature experiments.     

Structural evolution of the Irtysh Shear Zone (northwestern China) and implications for the amalgamation of arc systems in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The NW–SE Irtysh Shear Zone is a major tectonic boundary in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which supposedly records the amalgamation history between the peri-Siberian orogenic system and the Kazakhstan/south Mongolia orogenic system. However, the tectonic evolution of the Irtysh Shear Zone is not fully understood. Here we present new structural and geochronological data, which together with other constraints on the timing of deformation suggests that the Irtysh Shear Zone was subjected to three phases of deformation in the late Paleozoic. D₁ is locally recognized as folded foliations in low strain areas and as an internal fabric within garnet porphyroblasts. D₂ is represented by a shallowly dipping fabric and related ∼ NW–SE stretching lineations oriented sub-parallel to the strike of the orogen. D₂ foliations are folded by ∼ NW–SE folds (F₃) that are bounded by a series of mylonite zones with evidence for sinistral/reverse kinematics. These fold and shear structures are kinematically compatible, and thus interpreted to result from a transpressional deformation phase (D₃). Two samples of mica schists yielded youngest detrital zircon peaks at ∼322 Ma, placing a maximum constraint on the timing of D₁–D₃ deformation. A ∼ NE–SW granitic dyke swarm (∼252 Ma) crosscuts D₃ fold structures and mylonitic fabrics in the central part of the shear zone, but is displaced by a mylonite zone that represents the southern boundary of the Irtysh Shear Zone. This observation indicates that the major phase of D₃ transpressional deformation took place prior to ∼252 Ma, although later phases of reactivation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are likely. The late Paleozoic deformation (D₁–D₃ at ∼322–252 Ma) overlaps in time with the collision between the Chinese Altai and the intra-oceanic arc system of the East Junggar. We therefore interpret that three episodes of late Paleozoic deformation represent orogenic thickening (D₁), collapse (D₂), and transpressional deformation (D₃) during the convergence between the Chinese Altai and the East Junggar. On a larger scale, late Paleozoic sinistral shearing (D₃), together with dextral shearing farther south, accommodated the eastward migration of internal segments of the western CAOB, possibly associated with the amalgamation of multiple arc systems and continental blocks during the late Paleozoic.     

锦州市规划区地质环境安全评价研究

地质环境问题是影响城市国土空间安全开发利用的重要因素,在城市规划开发阶段开展地质环境综合评价可有效控制地质灾害风险。锦州市规划区尚处于开发前期,本文基于该规划区的地质条件和开发需求,构建了地质环境安全评价指标和评价方法体系,基于主导因素综合法开展了地质环境安全综合评价。根据评价结果,锦州市规划区地质环境安全程度可划分为3级,空间分布上以相对安全区为主,其次为次不安全区和安全区。按照空间位置和区域构造稳定性、地质灾害易发性等不同成因划分为23个亚区,并指出了每个亚区安全程度主要影响因素。该评价结果反映了锦州市规划区的地质环境安全程度,确定了影响地质环境安全问题的关键因素,有助于规避该区国土空间规划开发可能面临的地质灾害风险。     

Point Pattern Synthesis

Abstract

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Patterns consisting of point symbols are commonly applied to symbolize land cover. Tree symbols, for example, indicate forested areas; small irregular dots show quarries and pits; or regular line symbols represent a vineyard. This paper presents an automatic method for synthesizing patterns consisting of one or more point symbols. Symbols of varying sizes or graphical appearance can be combined according to user-defined ratios. The automatic method generates patterns of regularly or irregularly distributed symbols. It ensures that symbols do not overlap and do not graphically conflict with other map features. The method has been implemented in a free plug-in for the Adobe Illustrator vector graphics editor.     

石英砂表面铁胶膜的形成——温度和老化时间的影响

以石英砂为载体,在pH值为7和铁摩尔比R为0.1的条件下合成了石英砂表面针铁矿胶膜,并探讨了不同温度和老化时间对针铁矿胶膜形成的影响,以揭示铁胶膜的形成机理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合成胶膜样品分别进行矿物成分和形态的分析。研究结果表明:当石英砂添加量为10 g、老化时间为25 d时,随着温度由30、50、70增加到90℃,胶膜中针铁矿的XRD峰强度明显增强,SEM图像中针铁矿的结晶程度逐渐增强,晶形逐渐变大;当石英砂添加量为10 g、老化温度为60℃时,随着老化时间的延长,胶膜中针铁矿的XRD峰强度先逐渐增强,矿物晶形也先逐渐增大(前18 d),18 d左右时矿物的晶形较大且较均一,18 d之后XRD峰强度逐渐减弱并趋于稳定,晶形又逐渐变小。     

河北省铁矿资源保障能力分析

钢铁行业是河北省的支柱产业, 其发展紧密依赖于铁矿资源, 保障铁矿资源供给安全, 对于河北省钢铁行业乃至国民经济健康发展具有重要的战略意义。本文采用多级模糊综合评判方法, 从发展力和协调力两方面对河北省铁矿资源的保障能力进行了分析研究, 同时对上述两个准则层之下又细分为不同的要素层。分析结果显示, 在发展力方面, 得益于河北省铁矿资源赋存的先天条件, 资源禀赋和开发条件较强; 对环境影响的评价为较差, 应加紧环境的治理和恢复; 在协调力方面, 铁矿产资源转化效率处于较强水平, 说明河北省钢铁工业的技术水平具有一定的优势; 经济协调度处于较差水平, 而社会协调度和环境协调度都处于中等水平。总之, 河北省的铁矿矿产资源禀赋较强, 开发条件较好, 矿产资源能够为矿业的发展提供物质保障, 具有较强的保障能力, 可为河北省钢铁行业的可持续发展提供重要的基础原材料。     

Rhodope and Vardar: the metamorphic and the olistostromic paired belts related to the Cretaceous subduction under Europe

Abstract

The Rhodope massif of Bulgaria and Greece is a complex of Mesozoic synmetamorphic nappes stacked in an Alpine active margin environment. A new analysis of the Triassic to Eocene history of the Vardar suture zone m Greece discloses its Cretaceous setting as a subduction trench. We present a geological traverse that takes into account these new observatons and runs from the Hellenides to the Balkans, i.e. from he African to the Eurasian sides of the Tethys ocean, respectively. The present review first defines the revisited limits of the Rhodope metamorphic complex. In particular, the lower part of the Serbo- Macedonian massif is an extension of the Rhodope units west of the Struma river. Its upper part is separated as the Frolosh greenschist unit, which underlies tectonic slivers of Carpathc-Balkanic type. Several greenschist units which locally yield Mesozoic fossils, follow the outer limits of the Rhodope. Their former attribution to a stratigraphic cover of the Rhodope has been proven false. They are divided into roof greenschists, which partly represent an extension of the Strandza Jurassic black shales basin, and western greenschists, which mostly derive from the Vardar Cretaceous olistostromic assemblage. The Rhodope complex of synmetamorphic nappes includes Continental Units and Mixed Units. The Continental Units comprise quartzo-feld-spathic gneisses in addition to thick marble layers. The Mixed Units comprise meta-ophiolites as large bodies or small knockers. They are imbricated, forming an open dome whose lower, Continental Unit constitutes the Drama window. The uppermost Mixed Unit is overlain by remnants of the European plate. The present-day structure results from combined large-scale thrust and exhumation tectonics. Regional inversions of synmetamorphic sense-of-shear indicate that intermediate parts of the wedge moved upward and forward with respect to both the lower and upper plates. A kinematic model is based on buoyancy-driven decoupling at depth between subducted continental crust and the subducting lithosphere. Continuing convergence allows coeval underthrusting of continental crust at the footwall, decoupling at depth, and upward-forward expulsion of a low-density metamorphic wedge above. The continental crust input and its upward return may have lasted for at least the whole of the Early Cretaceous, as indicated by isotopic ages and the deformation history of the upper plate. A Late Eocene marine transgression divides the ensuing structural and thermal evolution into a follow-up uplift stage and a renewed uplift stage. Revision of the limits of the Vardar belt in Greece first resulted in separating the Paikon mountain as a tectonic window below the Vardar nappes. It belongs to the western, Hellenic foreland into which a system of thrust developed downward between 60 and 40 Ma. The eastern limit is a dextral strike-slip fault zone that developed greenschist facies foliations locally dated at 50–40 Ma. Revision of the lithological components discloses the preponderance of Cretaceous volcano-detritic and olistostromic sequences that include metamorphite blocks of Rhodope origin. Rock units that belong to the Vardar proper (ophiolites, Triassic and Jurassic radiolarites, remnants of an eastern Triassic passive margin) attest for a purely oceanic basin. The Guevgueli arc documents the Jurassic change of the eastern Triassic passive margin into an active one. This arc magmatic activity ended in the Late Jurassic and plate convergence was transferred farther northeast to the subduction boundary along which the Rhodope metamorphic complex formed. We interpret the Rhodope and the Vardar as paired elements of a Cretaceous accretionary wedge. They document the tectonic process that exhumed metamorphic material from under the upper plate, and the tectonic-sedimentary process that fed the trench on the lower plate. The history of the Rhodope-Vardar pair is placed in the light of the history of the Tethys ocean between Africa and Europe. The Cretaceous subduction then appears as the forerunner of the present Hellenic subduction, accounting for several shifts at the expense of the lower plate. The Late Eocene shift, at the closure of the Pindos basin, is coeval with the initiation of new uplift and magmatism in the Rhodope, which probably document the final release of the low-density, continental root of the Rhodope from subduction drag.