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431.
2000年春季中国北方沙尘暴天气气候成因研究 总被引:27,自引:10,他引:17
从环境背景和天气气候成因两个方面,分析了2000年春季中国北方沙尘暴频繁爆发的原因。结果表明,① 2000年春季中国北方大风沙尘暴的源地、路径和天气形势可归纳为三种类型;②近年来中国北方干旱加剧土地荒漠化严重,使原本广阔的戈壁沙漠面积逐步扩大,为沙尘暴天气的爆发提供了物质基础;③ 2000年处于反厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)事件的高峰期,使东亚冬季风加强;同时2000年春季极涡位于东半球新地岛附近,冷空气频繁南下,易形成大风天气;④ 2000年春季我国北方干旱少雨,气温回升迅速且温度偏高,使解冻的地表土层疏松,又提供了丰富的沙尘源。 相似文献
432.
利用天气学诊断分析方法,结合气象卫星云图、多普勒雷达回波、总能量场和中尺度自动气象站记录资料等,分析0601号强台风“珍珠”路径变化的原因以及逐时降水动态变化特点,并探讨了台风影响过程中强降水的主要成因.指出副高、西风槽、高能区对台风运动的影响;台风中心降水和外围降水强弱有反相关的关系,降水较集中在台风路径的左侧;台风“珍珠”登陆前持续加强和对流强烈发展所形成的深厚系统是出现强降水的重要基础,在卫星云图上密实的螺旋结构和中尺度对流云团的生成是台风云带中出现强降水的显著特征,而特定区域地形的多方面影响是降水幅度增加的原因. 相似文献
433.
Temporal variation in the absolute value of interdiurnal variability (AIDV) of January maximum temperatures is examined for the period 1945–1985 in the central United States (90°–105°W). AIDV indicates the magnitude of day-to-day changes in the maximum temperature. Five-year running-mean AIDV values decreased significantly throughout the period. This trend was apparent for the region overall and for the 10 of the 20 study sites analyzed individually. Temporal variation in AIDV values was significantly related to mid-tropospheric flow patterns over the central United States. Meridional circulation was associated with smaller AIDV values in all sites except those in the northwestern and southeastern corners of the study area, whereas zonal flow was linked to larger interdiurnal temperature change. The analysis of selected individual years indicated that mid-tropospheric circulation patterns were more persistent with meridional flow, and surface cyclones and their associated surface fronts tracked through the study area less frequently than in years with zonal flow. Analysis at a daily temporal resolution revealed an added dimension of trends in temperature variability beyond those apparent with a coarser monthly resolution. These results emphasize the importance of finer temporal resolution in the analysis of both past and projected climate change; regionally summarized monthly temperature values mask important variation in temperature trends apparent at shorter temporal and more local spatial scales. 相似文献
434.
本文从理论上研究了在不同的背景西风条件下阻塞胚胎与局地天气尺度波之间的相互作用。结果发现合适的弱西风对阻塞的形成是至关重要的 ,较强的背景西风不利于阻塞的形成。同时局地天气尺度波的位置也起着重要作用。 相似文献
435.
闽南一次大范围飑线过程的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对2002年4月6日发生于闽南地区的一次大范围飑线过程进行了天气学、雷达回波演变及气象要素变化等方面的分析,认为判断飑线发生与否不能仅依据本地气象要素的变化,雷达回波等信息将有助于对天气现象的正确理解。 相似文献
436.
We investigated the sea level response of the Japan Sea to changes in atmospheric pressure using barotropic shallow water
models driven by idealized synoptic pressure forcing. The regional response lags behind the synoptic pressure forcing because
the adjustment is slowly established by water exchange through narrow, shallow straits. The sea level response of the realistic
Japan Sea to the idealized forcing varies with geographical location and shows zonally asymmetric variations in amplitude
and phase. The simulated response is in good agreement with the observed response of sea level recorded at Japanese coastal
tide gauges. The results of a simple one-dimensional model indicate that the zonally asymmetric pattern, with an eastward-propagating
pressure system, is essentially caused by bottom friction in shallow straits. This asymmetry arises if the typical wavelength
of the synoptic pressure system is slightly larger than the spatial scale of the Japan Sea. 相似文献
437.
438.
The climatology of intense winter cyclone events in the eastern North Atlantic responsible for high magnitude surge generation (top 1% of events) within the region of the South-Western Approaches to northwest France and southwest England is extracted from daily sea-level and 500-hPa level atmospheric pressure analyses. Cluster analysis yields discrete cyclone track regimes linked to upper airflow patterns being responsible for the generation of intense storms (central pressure at sea-level ≤990 hPa) which promote severe surge events ≥60 cm along the French coast of the South-Western Approaches. Fluctuations in storminess are strongly influenced by the southward intrusion and strengthening of the jet stream in mid-Atlantic. These occurrences are often associated with negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies near Newfoundland and a strengthening of the thermal gradient across the Atlantic well to the south of its normal position. Resultant cyclogenesis promotes storms displaying a delay in minimum central pressure attainment until well east of 14°W, encouraging enhancement of surge flow. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicates that the most influential variables in promoting severe surge events in the South-Western Approaches are trans-Atlantic sea surface temperature gradients. The most important influence is the prevailing west–east sea surface temperature gradient during the month of the storm, followed by that for the prior month of the storm and thirdly, the north–south sea surface temperature gradient prevailing during the month of the event. Other influential variables reflect the character of the cyclone, storm duration, mean deepening rate of storm central pressure, the value of the outermost closed isobar around the storm centre, and the longitudinal position of the outermost closed isobar to the right of the cyclone track. In contrast, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is not very effective as a discriminator of surge activity. This may reflect the greater intra-month volatility of parameters used to derive the NAO index than of other monthly variables considered in the study. The lack of resolvability at the individual storm level probably also arises because of the monthly detailing of the NAO against storms of 2–3 days duration. This behavioural model of extreme storminess in the South-Western Approaches to northwest France provides the basis by which extremes of coastal susceptibility can be calibrated. 相似文献
439.
根据1995-2005年冬季邯郸市气象台现有的28个月日本数值预报产品资料,对≥5 mm的降水预报日数和全市16个观测站降水实况,按预报评分量级进行分县检验和天气系统分型检验,总结出产生大雪以上降水的天气类型,并确立大雪和暴雪预报指标。 相似文献
440.