Beyond environmental impact: articulating the “intangibles” in a resource conflict

Environmental planning is an arena of policy making in which formal public deliberation is among the most extensive. At the same time, environmental disputes can also be among the most resistant to resolution, often becoming entangled in issues that some describe as “intangible”. The discourse is largely structured by regulatory frameworks, such as environmental impact assessment laws and procedures, which focus primarily on operational rights (what one can or cannot do where and when) and tangible impacts on the physical or natural environment. A comparative case study of mariculture in Hawai‘i reveals that a large measure of public concerns focused on collective choice rights (who has a right to make which decisions on behalf of whom) and the more intangible impacts to the social or cultural environment. These concerns are often nested in a historic context that has implications for the social processes that they create. The findings from this study imply a need for more structured or systematic ways to deliberate issues of collective choice rights alongside operational rights within the larger process of environmental planning.     

考虑流-固耦合影响的挡水结构自振特性

对流体-固体之间的动力相互作用的问题，采用流体有限元法研究结构自振特性的影响。建立了流固耦合运动方程体系，并对耦合方程组的求解过程进行了推导与阐述。编制了流体有限元自动生成程序，使得流固耦合问题从建立模型到分析能够利用计算机自动实现。最后以挡水结构作为算例，分别就不同水位工况和水体采用不同长度模型对结构振动的影响进行了分析。     

不同类型地震的地震矩-震级标度关系研究

收集整理了中国大陆1977～2001年发生的107次M≥5．0地震的震型、震源机制、发震断层、地震矩等参数，在此基础上研究了不同震型、不同断层性质地震的地震矩与震级的关系。结果表明，地震矩和震级标度关系中直线的斜率与地震视应力和介质非均匀程度相联系，走滑断层地震的视应力和介质的非均匀程度均高于非走滑断层地震，走滑断层中孤立型地震的视应力和介质的非均匀程度均低干多震型地震。     

GEOGRAPHIES OF RISK AND DIFFERENCE IN CROP GENETIC ENGINEERING

ABSTRACT. Genetic engineering is often depicted as a breakthrough solution to hunger and environmental problems in agriculture. Such claims encourage the further shift of public resources toward molecular sciences, globalized intellectual property rights, and relaxed biotechnology regulation. However, focusing on transgenic crops is a risky and inadequate response to socioeconomic and ecological challenges. The search for a universal, technological solution disregards the complex geographies of food production and trade. This article challenges claims that crop genetic engineering represents a new direction in agriculture, that transgenic crops have performed well, and that the regulatory approaches used in the United States or Europe are universally applicable. It outlines three geographies of difference that distinguish agriculture in the global North from farming in most of the global South. Those differences point to the need for more place‐specific, multifaceted, and farmer‐centered approaches to agricultural productivity and sustainability, approaches to which geographers have much to contribute.     

用芳香化合物分布判别储层产液性质

储层产液性质判别是录井、测井的基本任务,也是难题之一.特别在涉及到含水油层和含油水层的判别时,更是缺少可靠而有效的方法.利用芳香化合物在油水两相中的分配原理和反相液相色谱对芳香化合物的分离检测技术,测试了67块已知产液性质的储层样品,在此基础上,建立起了两张判别储层产液性质的地球化学图,其对油层、含水油层、含油水层及水层的综合对判率都在83%以上.     

影响陶粒页岩烧胀性能因素探讨

烧胀性能是衡量陶粒页岩矿石质量的重要因素,矿石的化学成分及矿物成分决定了陶粒页岩烧胀性能,因此分析矿石的物质组成具有重要意义.     

P(AA-AM)/MMT预交联凝胶颗粒调剖技术

采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺在水溶液中二元共聚,并以钠基膨润土为无机添加剂,合成了抗温、抗盐性的预交联凝胶.最佳工艺条件如下:反应温度为40°C,反应时间为1 h,交联剂质量分数为0.07%,引发剂质量分数为0.1%,丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的质量比为11∶2,丙烯酸中和度为80%,膨润土质量分数为7%.预交联凝胶在去离子水中的膨胀率达76 g/g,可抗温110°C,抗盐达150 g/L,在原油中浸泡15 d的收缩率为86%,堵水率大于90%,堵油率小于7%.该预交联凝胶具有良好的封堵选择性和调剖效果,可作为高温、高盐油水井的深部堵水调剖剂.     

大气粉尘中的矿物及其环境健康效应研究进展

大气粉尘中的矿物主要来源于土壤尘、建筑工地和局地扬尘,颗粒较小,一般呈不规则形状,表面凹凸不平。矿物粉尘具有很强的生物活性,对人体健康、生物效应有其特有的生理作用。矿物粉尘表面活性基团影响粉尘的生物效应。矿物粉尘本身或刺激吞噬细胞而产生的自由基对细胞的损伤和粉尘性疾病的形成起着至关重要的作用。大气粉尘成分、表面特性以及矿物粉尘对人体正常宿主菌群的抑制性和毒性效应研究是矿物粉尘环境健康效应研究的重要方向。     

几种氧化锰矿物的合成及其对重金属的吸附和氧化特性

以改进或优化的方法合成土壤中常见的几种氧化锰矿物,对其形貌、结构、组成和表面性质进行表征,研究其对几种重金属的吸附和对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化特性及与其结构和表面性质的关系。结果表明,合成的水钠锰矿、钙锰矿、锰钾矿和黑锰矿均为单相矿物,具有典型的形貌特征。水钠锰矿、钙锰矿和锰钾矿的PZC较低,分别为1.75、3.50和2.10,其表面可变负电荷量的大小顺序为水钠锰矿≥锰钾矿>钙锰矿;黑锰矿的PZC较高,表面可变负电荷量远低于其他3种矿物。供试矿物中,水钠锰矿对Pb2 、Cu2 、Co2 、Cd2 和Zn2 等重金属的吸附能力最强,黑锰矿的吸附能力最弱,除黑锰矿吸附更多的Cu2 外,供试氧化锰矿物对Pb2 的吸附量最大。氧化锰矿物对重金属的吸附受重金属的水解常数和矿物的表面负电荷的影响较大,它们均影响氧化锰矿物表面诱导水解作用及吸附离子形态。供试氧化锰矿物对Cr(Ⅲ)氧化能力和氧化过程中Mn2 释放量不同,受矿物结构、氧化度、表面性质以及结晶度等因素影响,氧化能力顺序为水钠锰矿>锰钾矿>钙锰矿>黑锰矿,最大氧化量分别为1330.0、422.6、59.7和36.6mmol/kg。     

The limit properties of spatial coherence of seismic ground motion

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