3．0T磁共振的临床应用特点研究

本文对3．0T磁共振信噪比、磁敏感性效应、电介质效应、化学位移效应、驰豫时间和特殊吸收率5方面的特点、优势与不足进行分析和研究,帮助了解3．0T的一些基本物理知识,正确认识3．0T的临床应用价值,扬长避短,充分发挥其在临床和科研方面的优势。     

长白山区泥炭沼泽磁化率特征及其环境意义

以长白山区泥炭沼泽为研究对象,沿不同海拔选择赤池、锦北、大牛沟、金川和哈尔巴岭5个代表性采样点。通过对沼泽垂直剖面的精细采样,利用210Pb和137Cs方法对5个剖面进行高精度定年,综合研究和分析泥炭沉积物质量磁化率沿深度垂直分布特征,进而揭示其环境意义。结果表明,长白山区泥炭沼泽磁化率在表层具有明显的富集规律,富集时间始于20世纪初,并在20世纪后期达到峰值,且其富集含量可达以下层位富集平均值的5～10倍;长白山区泥炭磁化率的表聚性特征反映了在盛行西风等自然因素作用下,大气降尘和城市扩张等多种人类活动对区域环境的影响,很好地指示了区域磁性颗粒物污染扩大和加剧趋势。     

Landslide susceptibility mapping using geological data, a DEM from ASTER images and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

An efficient and accurate method of generating landslide susceptibility maps is very important to mitigate the loss of properties and lives caused by this type of geological hazard. This study focuses on the development of an accurate and efficient method of data integration, processing and generation of a landslide susceptibility map using an ANN and data from ASTER images. The method contains two major phases. The first phase is the data integration and analysis, and the second is the Artificial Neural Network training and mapping. The data integration and analysis phase involve GIS based statistical analysis relating landslide occurrence to geological and DEM (digital elevation model) derived geomorphological parameters. The parameters include slope, aspect, elevation, geology, density of geological boundaries and distance to the boundaries. This phase determines the geological and geomorphological factors that are significantly correlated with landslide occurrence. The second phase further relates the landslide susceptibility index to the important geological and geomorphological parameters identified in the first phase through ANN training. The trained ANN is then used to generate a landslide susceptibility map. Landslide data from the 2004 Niigata earthquake and a DEM derived from ASTER images were used. The area provided enough landslide data to check the efficiency and accuracy of the developed method. Based on the initial results of the experiment, the developed method is more than 90% accurate in determining the probability of landslide occurrence in a particular area.     

慕士塔格新冰期以来冰碛物风化成土特征

对慕士塔格西坡冰碛物粒度及磁化率分析表明:<1 mm的冰碛物以4~6Φ (0.063~0.016mm)含量为主,平均粒径(Mean)在2~6Φ之间,分选系数(δ)在1~3之间,峰态系数(K_g)为1.5~3.5,偏度(SK)系数在-2~2之间;磁化率分别与时代较老的冰碛土的粘土,和时代较新的冰碛土的粗砂成正相关.土壤发育过程和风力作用是影响冰碛物演化的重要因素,原生冰碛物保留的平均深度在30 cm以下.     

Variability of East Asian Winter Monsoon in Quaternary Climatic Extremes in North China

In order to examine high-frequency variations of East Asian winter monsoon in Quaternary climatic extremes, two typical loess–paleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau were investigated. Sandy layers in the loess deposits, the “Upper sand” and “Lower sand” (layers L9 and L15, respectively), which represent a high-resolution record of paleomonsoon changes, have been sampled at intervals of 5–6 cm from sections at Luochuan and Xifeng. The grain size and magnetic susceptibility was measured for all samples. The grain-size results (a proxy of winter monsoon strength) indicate that the winter monsoon strength fluctuated on a millennial timescale during cold climatic extremes, with climatic events of a few hundred to a few thousand years. However, the winter monsoon was relatively stable during warm periods. The magnetic susceptibility signal (a proxy of summer monsoon intensity) is practically constant over the same period. This is tentatively explained by the assumption that the summer monsoon intensity was too low to be recorded in the magnetic susceptibility signal. The intensified winter monsoon events show periodicities in a range of 1000 to 2770 yr, with a dominant cycle of approximately 1450 yr. The detection of this oscillation in older glacial stages strongly suggests that it may be a pervasive cycle of the cold climatic phases of the Quaternary. Millennial-scale variations of the winter monsoon may be caused by instability of the westerly jet, which is determined by temperature differences between the polar and the equatorial regions.     

Magnetostratigraphic Study of Meishan Permian-Triassic Section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province, China

INTRODUCTIONBecause many P/ T boundary sections around the worldare stratigraphically unconformed,som e possible exceptionsdeveloped in Greenland,Iran,Russia and South China are ofcourse of international importance.Especially successive sedi-ments from the L ate Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic widely ap-peared in South China,for example,the Meishan Section inChangxing County,Zhejiang Province,and som e analogies inGuangyuan,Wulong and Shangsi counties,Sichuan Province.Some geologists…     

Magnetic susceptibility variations of carbonates controlled by sea-level changes

This paper presents magnetic susceptibility results of 578 samples from three Devono-Carboniferous carbonate successions in the Yangtze Block. They indicate that the magnetic susceptibility variations in carbonates are controlled by ancient sea-level changes. It is particularly so if the supply of detrital materials was low, when the magnetic susceptibility was mainly controlled by the content of authigenic minerals. If the supply of detrital materials was high, the average susceptibility value would be higher, but there is still a correlation between susceptibility and sea-level curves. A sea level rise would lead to a decrease in the content of the detrital materials, and therefore to a decrease in the susceptibility values. On the top of HST, the uplift and exposure events may lead to elevated magnetic susceptibility values. Carbonate susceptibilities can therefore be considered as one of the environmental proxy data for the research of sequence stratigraphy.     

Magnetic susceptibility variations of carbonates controlled by sea-level changes--Examples in Devonian to Carboniferous strata in southern Guizhou Province, China

This paper presents magnetic susceptibility results of 578 samples from three Devono-Carboniferous carbonate successions in the Yangtze Block. They indicate that the magnetic susceptibility variations in carbonates are controlled by ancient sea-level changes. It is particularly so if the supply of detrital materials was low, when the magnetic susceptibility was mainly controlled by the content of authigenic minerals. If the supply of detrital materials was high, the average susceptibility value would be higher, but there is still a correlation between susceptibility and sea-level curves. A sea level rise would lead to a decrease in the content of the detrital materials, and therefore to a decrease in the susceptibility values. On the top of HST, the uplift and exposure events may lead to elevated magnetic susceptibility values. Carbonate susceptibilities can therefore be considered as one of the environmental proxy data for the research of sequence stratigraphy.     

Separation of pedogenic and lithogenic components of magnetic susceptibility in the Chinese loess/palaeosol sequence as determined by the CBD procedure and a mixing analysis

Magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese loess/palaeosol sequences have been used extensively for palaeoclimatic interpretations. The magnetic signal of these sequences must be divided into lithogenic and pedogenic components because the palaeoclimatic record is primarily reflected in the pedogenic component. In this paper we compare two methods for separating the pedogenic and lithogenic components of the magnetic susceptibility signal: the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extraction procedure, and a mixing analysis. Both methods yield good estimates of the pedogenic component, especially for the palaeosols. The CBD procedure underestimates the lithogenic component and overestimates the pedogenic component. The magnitude of this effect is moderately high in loess layers but almost negligible in palaeosols. The mixing model overestimates the lithogenic component and underestimates the pedogenic component. Both methods can be adjusted to yield better estimates of both components. The lithogenic susceptibility, as determined by either method, suggests that palaeoclimatic interpretations based only on total susceptibility will be in error and that a single estimate of the average lithogenic susceptibility is not an accurate basis for adjusting the total susceptibility. A long-term decline in lithogenic susceptibility with depth in the section suggests more intense or prolonged periods of weathering associated with the formation of the older palaeosols.
The CBD procedure provides the most comprehensive information on the magnitude of the components and magnetic mineralogy of loess and palaeosols. However, the mixing analysis provides a sensitive, rapid, and easily applied alternative to the CBD procedure. A combination of the two approaches provides the most powerful and perhaps the most accurate way of separating the magnetic susceptibility components.