利用湖州台形变观测资料检测地震激发的地球球形自由振荡

By using the digital observations of the pendulum tiltmeter, water tube tiltmeter,extensometer and volumetric strainmeter at Huzhou station and with the power spectrum density estimation method,we acquired the_0S_5-_0S_50 fundamental sphere free oscillations caused by the Japan earthquake on March 11,2011,then compared it with the PREM model. The relative errors are mostly bigger than 1.2‰. The extensometer and volume strainmeter can clearly detect _0S_2,_0S_3and_0S_4,which are closely related to the deep structure and earth's interior.     

基于InSAR形变数据分析台湾纵谷断层南段现今运动特征

本文利用2007—2010年花东纵谷南段区域的InSAR形变数据作为约束, 采用分段断层模型和层状介质模型, 反演中国台湾东部纵谷断层南段滑动速率空间分布, 并据此分析断层运动特征。 研究结果表明, 纵谷断层南段整体以逆冲运动为主, 兼具左旋走滑运动。 纵谷断层南段的滑动速率具有空间非均匀性, 在空间上可以细分为深浅两个极值区, 浅部(0~15 km)最大滑动速率为10 cm/a, 位于深度2.5 km左右; 深部(15~30 km)最大滑动速率为21 cm/a, 位于深度25 km左右。 反演结果与用重复地震估算的深部滑动速率基本吻合。     

挡墙水平变位诱发地表沉降的简化解析解

推导了平移模式下的地表沉降理论显式解,在此基础上提出了任意挡墙变位诱发墙后地表沉降的简化计算方法。分别与平移、绕墙趾及绕墙顶等3种变位模式下的弹性有限元数值解进行对比分析,对简化解析方法进行了验证。最后将这一简化解析方法应用于工程案例预测,与软土地基现场实测结果进行对比,发现理论预测的地表沉降曲线与实测值相吻合,且较准确地预测了最大沉降发生的位置,表明了该简化解析方法的实用性。     

西南地区石漠化分布、演变特征及影响因素

根据中国西南岩溶区1999—2008年石漠化遥感调查结果,研究了该区石漠化发生现状和近十年间石漠化在区域、岩性、地貌及区域经济等方面的演变特征,并对发生石漠化的影响因素进行分析。结果显示,石漠化集中分布在滇、黔、桂三省区;石漠化的发生与岩性和地貌密切相关,其中纯碳酸盐岩中石漠化发生率高于杂碳酸盐岩,并随灰岩或碳酸盐岩含量减少而降低,而地形高差相对大的峰丛洼地、峰林洼地石漠化发生率最高,并随地貌相对高差变小而降低。石漠化发生程度与岩性、地貌关系表现多样,纯碳酸盐岩中轻度石漠化比例高于中度和重度石漠化之和的比例,杂碳酸盐岩中中度和重度石漠化之和的比例高于轻度石漠化比例;在峰林洼地、峰林/缓丘平原中轻度石漠化比例高于中度和重度石漠化之和的比例,缓丘台地和丘陵谷地中中度和重度石漠化之和的比例高于轻度石漠化,是岩溶构造演化与人类活动共同制约的结果。从1999年到2008年间,该区石漠化已经呈现转轻趋势,主要表现在总面积减少,石漠化程度减轻;石漠化演变过程中发生在不同岩性和地貌中改善或恶化发生率的变化趋势与上述石漠化的发生规律相似。石漠化还不同程度地影响居民的生活水平,调查显示,严重石漠化县域内石漠化面积与农民人均纯收入、人均生产总值等呈负相关,县域内石漠化面积是影响农民人均纯收入,乃至人均生产总值最重要的因素。因此,石漠化调查结果显示,研究区石漠化呈向好趋势,但是治理难点依然存在。     

不等长工作面台阶区域覆岩运动诱冲机制及防治

针对阳城煤矿不等长工作面台阶区域发生冲击地压灾害问题,基于工作面特殊布置方式及覆岩赋存特征,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法,分析了台阶区域覆岩结构运动特征和围岩应力演化规律,研究了台阶区域冲击地压诱发机制。研究结果表明：1304工作面台阶区域覆岩经历了“OX-S-C”型较为复杂的结构演变,覆岩空间结构由OX向S型转换时,顶板岩层大面积破断下沉,在台阶区域形成多个悬臂梁结构,越往高位,悬臂梁长度越大;受覆岩运动和采动应力场叠加影响,煤岩体形成高应力集中区,在顶板岩层动载冲击作用下,煤岩体弹性应变能突然释放,诱发冲击地压。采用COMSOL软件对不同卸压钻孔参数下煤体应变能分布特征进行模拟研究,优化了台阶区域卸压钻孔参数。根据模拟结果,随着钻孔孔径、孔深增大及间距减小钻孔卸压效果越明显,考虑工程实际,确定孔径为150 mm、孔深为30 m、间距为1 m为合理有效的卸压钻孔参数,并应用于1302工作面台阶区域的冲击地压防治,取得了较好的防冲效果。     

青藏高原兹格塘错沉积记录的全新世水位变化事件及其原因初步研究

兹格塘错是一个内陆封闭型湖泊,位于藏北高原腹地,处于西南季风作用边缘地带。由于流域内无冰川分布,湖泊补给主要靠大气降水,因此水体的扩张与收缩能够直接反映西南季风的变化。半干旱气候地区湖泊沉积物碳酸盐含量能够敏感地反映水体的扩张与收缩。兹格塘错沉积物碳酸盐含量高,与可溶盐(氯离子与硫酸根离子)含量变化结合能更好地揭示水体的演化阶段。分析结果表明,在9.3～8.9calkaBP、8.3～7.8calkaBP、5.0～4.7calkaBP、4.0～3.8calkaBP和3.1～2.7calkaBP碳酸盐含量出现大幅度下降,指示湖泊淡化、水位升高。但在3.8calkaBP左右碳酸盐含量和可溶盐(氯离子与硫酸根离子)含量同时出现峰值,指示出湖泊水体盐度升高、水位出现下降;近1calkaBP以来,碳酸盐与可溶盐含量都呈现逐渐下降趋势,表明湖泊水体逐渐淡化、水位缓慢上升的过程。但近100a来可溶盐含量上升,指示出湖泊水体的不断浓缩和水位下降过程,这和近百年的气候暖干化过程是一致的。兹格塘错沉积岩心碳酸盐含量全新世以来5次极低事件,有力地证明青藏高原西南季风在全新世期间的不稳定性。     

塔西南阿其克背斜地质构造特征及与油气关系

阿其克背斜是塔里木盆地西南坳陷南缘的一个横向转换构造, 该构造的特殊性在于其枢纽走向与造山带总体是垂直的, 而非平行。笔者通过分析阿其克背斜南、中、北3段地质剖面及各剖面中核部与两翼地层的极射赤平投影, 揭示了阿其克背斜的几何学、运动学、动力学特征。结合地震解释剖面、区域构造背景及前人研究成果, 建立了阿其克背斜形成过程的地质模型, 认为它是在断层传播褶皱和断层转折褶皱共同作用下, 以断层传播作用为主分3个阶段形成的断坡背斜构造, 垂向上自下而上分原地系统、准原地系统和外来系统中的推覆体3个构造层次。塔里木盆地的菱形边界性质造成阿其克地区EW向的挤压应力场。由于背斜上部外来系统中的推覆体南部翘起遭受剥蚀, 东侧被阿其克断层破坏, 因此对油气圈闭不利, 但在北部异地推覆体之下, 原地系统中过熟烃源岩及毗邻凹陷内的烃源岩可以通过断层、不整合面向上部准原地系统中的宽缓背斜圈闭供给油气。     

Recognition of Paleo-Tethys Suture Zone in eastern Myanmar

The site of final closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Triassic-Jurassic was marked by the colli-sional event between the Shan Massif and Indochina plate, in eastern Myanmar. Previous site of consumption of Paleo-Tethys is now occupied by a complex zone of suturing and deformation along Than Lwin River and in the east of it, formed by drastic tectonic evolution. It is geographically located approximately between longitudes 98E and 100E, and it extends northwards to Yunnan and southwards into West Thailand. The sigmoidal wrench struc-tures of suture zone is situated in the east of step-like structures of Shan Massif, and the western boundary of the suture zone must be immediately on the west side of Than Lwin River and the eastern boundary is near the east border of Myanmar. The area is largely covered by younger rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. The Upper Pa-leozoic units of Carboniferous to Permian comprise limestone and dolomite of the Plateau Limestone overlying unconformably the Lower Paleozoic rocks. Metasedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous and their metamorphic equivalents and the flysch-like Triassic-Jurassic units are found as folded and thrusted beds in the area. Large complex of granitic rocks of Late Triassic are also found. Metavolcanics, gabbro and a large number of chromite occur along with these units. A preliminary delineation of a suture zone as the site of closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Myanmar territory is made for the first time and this zone is believed to be a tectonic linkage between Changning-Menglian belt of West China and Inthanon Zone of West Thailand.     

基于通量均衡基准的地壳垂直形变场逼近的Fourier分析法

本文根据地壳运动的全球通量均衡假说建立了地壳垂直形变场的分析模型,分析了以往作者所研究的球谐函数和球冠谐函数模型的优缺点,着重推导了在密切平面坐标系下该模型的Fourier级数解,该模型一方面可以简单地应用于地壳垂直形变场的逼近,另一方面为采用谱分析法提取地壳垂直形变场信息提供了理论依据。     

Ranking spaces for predicting human movement in an urban environment

A city can be topologically represented as a connectivity graph, consisting of nodes representing individual spaces and links if the corresponding spaces are intersected. It turns out in the space syntax literature that some defined topological metrics can capture human movement rates in individual spaces. In other words, the topological metrics are significantly correlated to human movement rates, and individual spaces can be ranked by the metrics for predicting human movement. However, this correlation has never been well justified. In this paper, we study the same issue by applying the weighted PageRank algorithm to the connectivity graph or space–space topology for ranking the individual spaces, and find surprisingly that: (1) the PageRank scores are better correlated to human movement rates than the space syntax metrics, and (2) the underlying space–space topology demonstrates small world and scale free properties. The findings provide a novel justification as to why space syntax, or topological analysis in general, can be used to predict human movement. We further conjecture that this kind of analysis is no more than predicting a drunkard's walking on a small world and scale free network.