空间分辨率对中国夏季降水时空演变特征的影响

本文使用1979—2021年国家气候中心160站(R₁₆₀)和国家级地面气象观测站2 314站(R₂₃₁₄)逐月降水观测资料,利用EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function)分解和相关分析等方法,研究两类资料夏季降水时空变化特征及其与海气因素之间物理联系的表征水平差异,并分析了差异的可能原因。结果表明,R₁₆₀在我国西北、青藏高原等地区站点极为稀疏,导致其各EOF模态对上述地区降水的时空变化特征描述失真,中东部地区偏低的空间分辨率会使局地强降水的变化特征信号损失,造成降水的年际变率降低。而R₂₃₁₄主模态能够更为真实地反映我国降水的时空演变特征,特别是在极端降水频发的江淮地区以及降水受局地地形影响较大的山区,其EOF主模态的空间分布和时间系数演变与ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation)、西太平洋副热带高压、青藏高原雪盖等气候强迫信号之间的相关性更为显著。     

杂交鲆(牙鲆♀×夏鲆♂)胚胎发育的初步观察

通过人工调控促使亲本牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)♀×夏鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)♂的性腺发育,人工干法授精获得杂交受精卵。杂交受精卵在温度为16.5~17.5℃,光照为100~400 lx,微充气条件下孵化。对杂交鲆胚胎发育全过程进行连续观察并与牙鲆及夏鲆的胚胎发育进行比较。结果表明:杂交鲆卵裂方式与其他大部分硬骨鱼类一样,属于盘状卵裂。受精后经过2 h 30 min进入2细胞期,7 h 45 min进入囊胚期,15 h 10 min进入原肠胚阶段,25 h 30 min进入神经胚期,49 h左右进入尾芽期。授精后63 h左右发现初孵仔鱼,68h左右50%的仔鱼孵出。在杂交鲆的胚胎发育中,主要有2个发育特征与母本类似而与父本不同:视囊的出现要早于体节的分化;孵化前,仔鱼在卵膜内环绕卵黄囊不到1周。但是在其孵化时间上却与父本相似。     

Surface sediment diatoms from the western Pacific marginal seas and their correlation to environmental variables

Diatom data of 192 surface sediment samples from the marginal seas in the western Pacific together with modern summer and winter sea surface temperature and salinity data were analyzed.The results of canonical correspondence analysis show that summer sea-surface salinity(SSS) is highly positively correlated with winter SSS and so is summer sea-surface temperature(SST) with winter SST.The correlations between SSSs and SSTs are less positively correlated,which may be due to interactions of regional current pa...     

1998年季风爆发期南海大气边界层的日变化

在南海尚未有关于海洋大气边界层结构日变化方面的研究.研究海洋大气边界层,有利于我们更好地研究海洋表层结构变化影响机制,对发生在海洋大气边界层上的过程进行预测预报.因此了解南海海洋大气边界层的结构特征,对于我们进一步了解南海天气尺度海气相互作用有非常重要的意义.通过对1998年在南海南部(6°15′N,110°E)和南海北部(20°29′39″N,116°57′48″E)的南海季风试验中定点科考船释放一天四次的探空观测资料分析得出,季风爆发前海洋大气边界层存在规则的日变化,在中午达到深厚.季风爆发后南海北部大气边界层日变化消失,南海南部依然明显.分析表明对其日变化起重要影响的是短波辐射;潜热输送对大气边界层高度日变化影响不大.与大气边界层厚度日变化相对应,南海南部边界层内水汽日变化明显,而南海北部较不明显.     

2006年台风“碧利斯”与“格美”的降水差异性比较

对2006年7月登陆,西移影响粤东的路径相似、降水过程强度和范围不同的2次台风过程,从环流形势,台风环流本身、结构以及降水性质等方面进行了对比分析.结果表明,"碧利斯"的降水是一典型的和西南季风相结合的降水,而"格美"的降水仅仅是台风本身环流的降水.同时发现两者在登陆2 d内500 hPa平均高度场、水汽通量垂直剖面图,水汽输送时间序列图上均有显著差异.指出水汽输送的强弱,决定了登陆台风的维持时间和降雨强度.     

中国夏季气候对植被覆盖的影响:1982～2001(英文)

In this paper, we apply lagged correlation analysis to study the effects of vegetation cover on the summer climate in different zones of China, using NOAA/AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data during the time period from 1982 to 2001 and climate data of 365 meteorological stations across China (precipitation from 1982 to 2001 and temperature from 1982 to 1998). The results show that there are positive correlations between spring NDVI and summer climate (temperature and precipitation) in m...     

Seasonal and spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass associated with monsoon and oceanic environments in the South China Sea

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton/chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） distribution, sea surface wind, sea height anomaly, sea surface temperature and other oceanic environments for long periods are analyzed in the South China Sea （SCS）, especially in the two typical regions off the east coast of Vietnam and off the northwest coast of Luzon, using remote sensing data and other oceanographic data. The results show that seasonal and spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass in the SCS are primarily influenced by the monsoon winds and oceanic environments. Off the east coast of Vietnam, Chl-a concentration is a peak in August, a jet shape extending into the interior SCS, which is associated with strong southwesterly monsoon winds, the coastal upwetling induced by offshore Ekman transport and the strong offshore current in the western SCS. In December, high Chl-a concentration appears in the upwelling region off the northwest coast of Luzon and spreads southwestward. Strong mixing by the strong northeasterly monsoon winds, the cyclonic circulation, southwestward coastal currents and river discharge have impacts on distribution of phytoplankton, so that the high phytoplankton biomass extends from the coastal areas over the northern SCS to the entire SCS in winter. These research activities could be important for revealing spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton and their interactions with physical environments in the SCS.     

青藏高原东部边缘"成都黏土"粒度记录的约500 kaBP的干旱化增强事件

亚洲内陆干旱化是新生代青藏高原隆升和全球气候恶化的重要标志。对位于青藏高原东部边缘的成都黏土粒度记录的研究,及与黄土高原地区粒度记录的对比,表明该地区的粒度记录都在约500kaBP时发生了一次明显的粒度增大、粗颗粒含量增加的变化,表明东亚地区约500kaBP以来发生了一次明显的干旱化增强事件,推测青藏高原在中更新世强烈隆升进入冰冻圈,导致中下层西风环流显著分叉绕流以及随后的进一步强化,是亚洲内陆干旱化阶段性增强的重要原因。     

Phytoplankton dynamics associated with the monsoon in the Sulu Sea as revealed by pigment signature

Phytoplankton dynamics during the northeast monsoon was investigated in the Sulu Sea from algal pigment analysis. We visited the Sulu Sea in February 2000, a mid period of the northeast monsoon, and in November and December 2002, the beginning of the northeast monsoon. SeaWiFS images showed generally low concentrations of surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) during the southwest monsoon and higher concentrations with several peaks during the northeast monsoon. In the beginning of the northeast monsoon, subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) occurred, where vertical variation in class-specific composition as estimated from pigment signatures was prominent. Prochlorococcus, cyanobacteria, prymnesiophytes and crysophytes were important groups above the SCM, and the contribution of cyanobacteria to Chl a became much lower at and below the SCM. Contributions of chlorophytes and prasinophytes to Chl a generally showed maxima near the SCM. This distribution was accompanied by vertical changes in the concentration of photoprotective pigments relative to photosynthetic accessory pigments. During the mid northeast monsoon, the upward supply of nutrients was probably enhanced at some stations due to vertical mixing, and as a consequence diatoms dominated in the upper 100 m water column of these stations, and other eukaryotic flagellates including prymnesiophytes, chrysophytes and cryptophytes were secondary major components of the community. The elevation of Chl a concentration and changes in phytoplankton community during the northeast monsoon likely influence the variation in biological production at higher trophic levels in the Sulu Sea.     

东北季风期海南岛三亚湾初级生产力分布特征及其影响因素

根据2006年10月和2007年1月的监测资料,对三亚湾在东北季风初始期和盛行期初级生产力的分布特征及其受水体环境的影响因素进行了分析。三亚湾秋、冬季表层潜在初级生产力平均值分别为6.81mgC·m-3·h-1和7.47mgC·m-3·h-1;水柱初级生产力平均值分别为504.96mgC·m-2·d-1和495.33mgC·m-2·d-1。东北季风期间,三亚湾水体垂直混合作用加强,层化现象减弱,水动力过程和营养盐等环境因子是该海湾初级生产力分布特征和季节变化的重要调控因素;其中冬季较高的DIN分布对表层初级生产力有潜在促进作用,而水体扰动增强、真光层深度下降则导致水柱初级生产力低于秋季。三亚河口近岸水域秋、冬季均为营养盐、叶绿素a及初级生产力的高值区,其中表层潜在初级生产力在秋季和冬季分别达到了45.80mgC·m-3·h-1和39.27mgC·m-3·h-1,表明调查期间三亚河营养盐输入对近岸水体浮游植物初级生产过程的显著影响。