A bridge between dual porosity and multiscale models of heterogeneous deformable porous media

In this paper, a multiscale homogenization approach is developed for fully coupled saturated porous media to represent the idealized sugar cube model, which is generally employed in fractured porous media on the basis of dual porosity models. In this manner, an extended version of the Hill-Mandel theory that incorporates the microdynamic effects into the multiscale analysis is presented, and the concept of the deformable dual porosity model is demonstrated. Numerical simulations are performed employing the multiscale analysis and dual porosity model, and the results are compared with the direct numerical simulation through 2 numerical examples. Finally, a combined multiscale-dual porosity technique is introduced by employing a bridge between these 2 techniques as an alternative approach that reduces the computational cost of numerical simulation in modeling of heterogeneous deformable porous media.     

影响武鸣县甘蔗生产的气象条件分析

通过对武鸣县蔗区的气候环境分析,以及甘蔗生长的特点,找出影响甘蔗产量及含糖量的关健气象因子,指出典型丰欠年与6月上旬至7月上句的总雨量及7月份的日照时数有明显的正相关关系;9月至10月的降水量和11月份的甘蔗含糖量呈负相关关系,同时,含糖量还与光照时数及昼夜温差有关,甘蔗在成熟期间光照时数多,天气干凉则含糖量比较高。     

影响勐海甘蔗产量与糖分的气候因子变化特征

为在甘蔗栽培、糖业生产、糖业贸易中针对气候因子的变化采取及时有效的应对措施提供依据,对影响云南勐海甘蔗产量和糖分的气候因子近45年来的趋势性、阶段性和周期性进行分析。结果表明：影响甘蔗产量的气候因子中,3~10月的积温增加趋势显著;3~10月的积温和降水量有显著的阶段性;3~10月的积温、降水量、日照时数都有显著的振荡周期。影响甘蔗糖分的气候因子中,10~11月的平均最低气温增加趋势比较显著,有显著的周期性和阶段性;11月至次年2月的降水量有3~4年的振荡周期,趋势性和阶段性不显著。     

Soil losses due to potato and sugar beet harvesting in NE China

The study of soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) started only recently in soil erosion research. It describes the mass of adhering soil, soil clods and rock fragments that is lost from arable land during the harvesting of crops such as potato, sugar beet, sweet potato and cassava. Some research on mechanized agriculture in Europe revealed that soil loss rates due to crop harvesting can be comparable to water and tillage erosion rates. However, little is known about soil losses caused by manually harvested crops in other parts of the world. This study investigated SLCH for potato and sugar beet plots on farmer's fields spread over four regions in northeast China where harvesting is carried out by hand. Soil losses for sugar beet were on average 1·0 Mg/ha/harvest, ranging from 0·2 to 1·9 Mg/ha/harvest, and SLCH for potato ranged from 0·2 to 3·0 Mg/ha/harvest with an average of 1·2 Mg/ha/harvest. Soil moisture content, average root mass and plant density could explain 45 to 67 per cent of the variability of SLCH for sugar beet. The effect of soil texture was the opposite to findings of other studies, which could be attributed to the strong correlations among the variables and to the effect of the harvesting operator. SLCH variability for potatoes could best be explained by soil texture. SLCH for sugar beet was much lower than European SLCH values for this crop, which can be explained by differences in harvesting technique and agronomic practices. SLCH for potato was comparable to soil losses measured in Belgium, especially if clods are removed on the harvesting machine. However, clay contents of the soils were larger in this study and soil losses were lower than in Belgium for comparable clay contents. Although SLCH is not the dominant soil erosion process in NE China, it contributes to overall soil loss rates, which have already exceeded their critical tolerance limits in this region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钦州市蔗糖生产与气象条件关系的初步分析

通过对广西钦州市多年原料蔗产量、榨季糖分含量与气象条件关系的相关分析,结果表明:春、秋两季的降雨量是制约钦州市原料蔗产量高低的主要气象因子,而秋末冬初的温度日较差、日照时数等气象因子对榨季糖分含量影响最大,这一研究结果对指导钦州市蔗糖发展有积极意义。     

Characterization of melanoidins by IR spectroscopy—II. Melanoidins of galactose with arginine, isoleucine, lysine and valine

The infrared spectra of melanoidins which were prepared from galactose and neutral and basic amino acids (at various ratios) support in general the conclusion gained in Part I of this series. A striking resemblance in the IR spectra was obtained in melanoidins which were prepared from a high ratio of sugar to amino acids (Type 1). The imprint of the amino acids was observed only in type 2 melanoidins, which are enriched with amino acids.     

蔗糖生产最佳榨期和高糖期的预报

分析广西１３家糖厂历年实际榨期和榨季蔗糖分资料可知，有大部年份的榨期安排不够合理，从而降低了糖厂的经济效益。针对榨期安排的问题，作者从分析蔗糖分积累动态变化入手，将其分类进行模拟，建立模型。     

Convergence in European diets: the case of alcoholic beverages

A number of writers have argued that differences in food consumption between the countries in Europe are declining. This article investigates the possibility of convergence in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The combination of beverages consumed in 1895–97, 1961–62 and 1994–95 is considered. This reveals three distinctive regions where wine, beer or spirits are the dominant drink. However, in this century the dominance of the staple drink has fallen and differences in total alcohol consumption have diminished, indicating convergence.     

氨基糖酸在药物分子设计与合成中的应用

用非天然的分子实体模拟天然活性分子以提高药物的活性和稳定性.是药物化学中的一个研究热点。氨基糖酸综合了糖和氨基酸结构特征和化学反应特性.是一类新型非天然的多肽模拟物构建模块,广泛的应用在多肽模拟学、组合化学和人工受体分子的构建中。本文综述了近年来氨基糖酸在药物分子设计与合成中的应用进展。     

气象条件与酿酒葡萄糖分积累的关系

气象条件是影响葡萄糖分积累的主要环境因素之一.利用酿酒葡萄(赤霞珠)糖分观测数据和相应气象数据研究气象因子对酿酒葡萄糖分积累的影响发现,在酿酒葡萄着色至成熟期,对酿酒葡萄糖分积累影响较大的气象因子是日平均气温、最高气温、日照时数和温湿比.最适于糖分积累的平均气温、最高气温、日照时数和温湿比分别是24.0℃、29.3℃、6.4 h和0.35左右,在小于上述极值点的范围内,糖分日积累量随各因子(值)的增加而增加}在大于上述极值点的范围内,糖分日积累量随各因子(值)的增加而减少.