碱消解-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物样品中的甲基汞和乙基汞

建立了碱消解-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用系统测定生物样品中甲基汞(MeHg)与乙基汞(EtHg)的分析方法。为提高灵敏度,选用微流量的PFA雾化器,在优化的检测条件下,MeHg及EtHg检出限可达到0.036μg/L和0.03μg/L;线性范围达到4个数量级,两条工作曲线线性相关系数为1。对1.78μg/L MeHg、1.65μg/L EtHg的混合标准溶液重复测定7次,色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.79%和1.44%。对标准物质BCR 464(金枪鱼)的分析结果表明,测定值与标准值基本吻合,但略低于标准值;甲基汞和乙基汞的加标回收率分别为85.9%和84.5%。高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术的高灵敏度和低检出限能够满足生物样品中汞形态定量分析的要求。     

湘中奥陶纪锰矿带成矿特征及资源前景

湘中奥陶纪沉积锰矿带位于湖南省安化县、桃江县、宁乡县境内,呈近EW向展布,矿带内锰矿以质量好而著称。该成矿带的成锰沉积盆地受控于加里东期张性断裂系统,为一断陷盆地。盆地内发育一组NW向同沉积断裂,形成了一系列断陷槽,控制了沉积岩相的分布。锰矿主要产于盆地中心亚相的黑色页岩夹碳酸锰矿微相内。据矿带中锰矿的地质和地球化学特征以及微量元素和碳、氧、锶同位素组成,笔者认为,该锰矿属于热水沉积成因。综合对比表明,该成矿带具有良好的成矿条件和值得注意的资源潜力,有可能发展为大型锰成矿带。     

松南海坨子—大布苏地区泉四段— 姚家组层序地层研究

根据工区内现有的钻井、测井和地震资料,应用以多级次基准面旋回为参照面的高分辨层序地层学理论与研究方法,对松辽盆地南部海坨子—大布苏地区的泉四段—姚家组地层进行了详细的层序地层研究,共识别出5个长期基准面旋回（相当于三级层序）,9个中期基准面旋回（相当于四级层序）,建立了研究区的层序划分方案,在连井剖面的层序地层对比基础上,建立了该区的地层格架,并对层序构成特征进行了分析,研究了储集层在层序格架内的分布规律,揭示出浊积砂体和三角洲前缘相的分流河道形成于基准面上升期,三角洲前缘相的河口坝、远砂坝和席状砂沉积形成于基准面下降期,指出浊积砂体和三角洲前缘相的远砂坝、席状砂沉积是研究区形成岩性油气藏的有利储集体。     

阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境

对阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的岩石学和地球化学的详细研究表明,该区辉绿岩墙群为拉斑系列岩石,其主量元素以中等TiO2(1.19%～1.59%)、高MgO(5.51%～7.88%)、贫K2O(0.04%～0.84%)和P2O5(0.10%～0.20%)、Na2OK2O为特征;高场强元素(HFSE)丰度特征显示其为E-MORB型或过渡型玄武岩质岩石;稀土元素总量相对较高,轻重稀土元素分馏不显著[(La/Yb)N=1.93～3.61,LREE/HREE=3.01～4.10],在球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈略富集型.结合玄武岩构造环境判别图解综合分析推测,它们可能形成于一种裂谷向MORB环境过渡的构造环境,即初始小洋盆构造环境.     

The Agulhas Ridge, South Atlantic: The Peculiar Structure of a Fracture Zone

The Agulhas Ridge is a prominent topographic feature that parallels the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). Seismic reflection and wide angle/refraction data have led to the classification of this feature as a transverse ridge. Changes in spreading rate and direction associated with ridge jumps, combined with asymmetric spreading within the Agulhas Basin, modified the stress field across the fracture zone. Moreover, passing the Agulhas Ridge’s location between 80 and 69 Ma, the Bouvet and Shona Hotspots may have supplied excess material to this part of the AFFZ thus altering the ridge’s structure. The low crustal velocities and overthickened crust of the northern Agulhas Ridge segment indicate a possible continental affinity that suggests it may be formed by a small continental sliver, which was severed off the Maurice Ewing Bank during the opening of the South Atlantic. In early Oligocene times the Agulhas Ridge was tectono-magmatically reactivated, as documented by the presence of basement highs disturbing and disrupting the sedimentary column in the Cape Basin. We consider the Discovery Hotspot, which distributes plume material southwards across the AAFZ, as a source for the magmatic material.     

Oceanographic influences on seabirds and cetaceans of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review

This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific, the oceanic region centered on the eastern Pacific warm pool, but also including the equatorial cold tongue and equatorial current system, and summarizes what is known about oceanographic influences on seabirds and cetaceans there. The eastern tropical Pacific supports on the order of 50 species of seabirds and 30 species of cetaceans as regular residents; these include four endemic species, the world’s largest populations for several others, three endemic sub-species, and a multi-species community that is relatively unique to this ecosystem. Three of the meso-scale physical features of the region are particularly significant to seabirds and cetaceans: the Costa Rica Dome for blue whales and short-beaked common dolphins, the Equatorial Front for planktivorous seabirds, and the countercurrent thermocline ridge for flocking seabirds that associate with mixed-species schools of spotted and spinner dolphins and yellowfin tuna. A few qualitative studies of meso- to macro-scale distribution patterns have indicated that some seabirds and cetaceans have species-specific preferences for surface currents. More common are associations with distinct water masses; these relationships have been quantified for a number of species using several different analytical methods. The mechanisms underlying tropical species–habitat relationships are not well understood, in contrast to a number of higher-latitude systems. This may be due to the fact that physical variables have been used as proxies for prey abundance and distribution in species–habitat research in the eastern tropical Pacific.Though seasonal and interannual patterns tend to be complex, species–habitat relationships appear to remain relatively stable over time, and distribution patterns co-vary with patterns of preferred habitat for a number of species. The interactions between seasonal and interannual variation in oceanographic conditions with seasonal patterns in the biology of seabirds and cetaceans may account for some of the complexity in species–habitat relationship patterns.Little work has been done to investigate effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycles on cetaceans, and results of the few studies focusing on oceanic seabirds are complex and not easy to interpret. Although much has been made of the detrimental effects of El Niño events on apex predators, more research is needed to understand the magnitude, and even direction, of these effects on seabirds and cetaceans in space and time.     

Waveform Shaping of Sonar Transducers for Improving the Vertical Resolution in Sub-bottom Sediments Profiling

Vertical resolution is of fundamental importance in sonar exploration and is directly related to the duration of the acoustic pulse generated by the transducer. The shorter the radiated pulse, the higher the vertical resolution. Many sub-bottom profiling sonar systems use piezoelectric transducers because they are reversible and well understood. Piezoelectric projectors are normally resonant transducers, which are intrinsically narrowband. A piezoelectric transducer is usually driven by a tone-burst. However, it is possible to use Fourier techniques to find a pre-compensated electrical driving function so that the transducer radiates a prescribed wider band acoustic waveform. This technique can be applied to synthesize zero-phase cosine-magnitude, Gaussian, and bionic pulses, with a conventional sandwich transducer. Zero-phase cosine-magnitude waveforms provide minimum length pulses (and therefore maximum resolution) within a prescribed frequency band.The aim of this paper is to illustrate the synthesis of wideband acoustic pulses using an underwater piezoelectric projector. The conventional acoustic waveform radiated when a Tonpiltz transducer is transiently excited using a “click” and allows its frequency response function to be measured. This function is used to design the electrical signal which then drives the transducer so that it radiates the shortest pulse compatible with its mechanical response. The significant resolution enhancement of the waveform shaping process is illustrated by its application to a sediment wedge model.     

热带气旋对黄、渤海影响的统计特征分析

本文统计分析了1949—2000年共52年影响黄、渤海的热带气旋时空分布特点及ENS0、西太平洋副热带高压与影响黄、渤海的热带气旋关系。结果表明，西太平洋热带气放以四种主要路径影响黄、渤海，其影响时间、频数及强度均有不同。ENSO和西太平洋副热带高压的强度、位置将影响热带气旋对黄、渤海影响的路径和频数。     

石榴石橄榄岩的熔融实验及其地质意义

在20×10~9Pa和25×10~9Pa条件下,对石榴石橄榄岩进行的14次高温高压熔融实验研究表明,在1600℃时石榴石橄榄岩开始熔融(初熔),熔体中的SiO_2>70％,Na_2O+K_2O>8％,类似于A型花岗岩成分。本实验为地幔花岗岩的成因提供了证据。     

几丁糖酯原料药稳定性研究

该文建立高效凝胶渗透色谱法 (HPGPC) ,明胶比浊法 ,氧瓶燃烧法三种分析方法考察海洋硫酸多糖药物几丁糖酯的稳定性 ,采用这三种方法分别考察几丁糖酯原料药在高温、高湿、强光照射及加速条件下分子量及分布宽度、样品中硫酸根含量及样品含量的变化情况。结果表明 :三种方法均适用于几丁糖酯的稳定性考察 ,几丁糖酯在上述影响因素条件下稳定性良好