南亚高压季节性变化与甘肃省春季和初夏降水关系初探

通过对南亚高压的季节性变化与甘肃省春季第一场≥10mm的区域性降水即第一场透雨出现时间和初夏转入多雨期的统计分析,初步揭示了南亚高压在季节性变化过程中及最终在青藏高原上空建立与甘肃省特别是甘肃河东地区春季第一场透雨及转入多雨期的相关关系。分析结果表明,南亚高压在季节性变化过程中登上中南半岛与甘肃省河东地区春季第一场透雨的出现具有显著关系,南亚高压在青藏高原上空建立与甘肃省初夏转入多雨期同样具有显著关系。因此。准确掌握南亚高压的季节性变化及登上高原的日期。不论对于准确预报出春季第一场透雨,还是转入多雨期,都有着重要的参考和指导意义。     

副高、极涡因子对我国夏季降水的影响

利用奇异值分解方法(SVD)分别分析了北半球副高指数和北半球极涡指数对我国夏季降水(6～8月)的影响,并详细讨论了对我国夏季降水影响重大的具体关系,以及它们影响的区域情况.研究发现,我国夏季降水主要受前期冬季极涡强弱的影响.冬季副高因子的影响是半球范围的,而春季副高因子的影响主要取决于我国南部的副高系统.综合研究极涡、副高两者对我国夏季降水的影响要比分别研究它们各自的影响所得模态的代表性好,预报价值也更高.     

Responses of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to N,P, and Acid Additions in Mixed Forest in Subtropical China

Understanding how nitrogen (N) availability interacts with soil acidity and phosphorus (P) availability to affect soil-atmosphere exchanges in CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in forest ecosystems is important for understanding the mechanisms driving ecosystem responses to enhanced N deposition. Here, we conducted an experiment with N, P and acid (H) addition in a mixed forest in subtropical China to investigate how acid and P addition affects CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O exchange under N addition. Our results showed that soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N increased after N addition, but CO₂ emissions in N addition plots remained unaffected. CH₄ uptake in N-, P-, NP-, NH- and NPH-addition plots were reduced by 21.1%, 15.7%, 39.1%, 26.6%, and 28.4%, respectively. CH₄ uptake in NP-addition plots were lower compared to N-addition and P-addition plots, indicating that N and P addition had an additive effect on inhibiting CH₄ uptake. N₂O emission in N-, NP-, NH- and NPH-addition plots increased by 158.6%, 176.0%, 117.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. N₂O emissions in NPH-addition plots were lower compared to NP-addition plots while showed no difference between N-addition and NH-addition plots. This suggests that only under P rich conditions, acid addition would greatly mitigate N₂O emissions under N addition. Our results demonstrate that for N and P co-limited forest ecosystems with acidic soils, low P availability constrains the inhibition of soil CH₄ uptake by N deposition. When P availability is low, a weak soil acidation induced by N deposition may have less influence on the stimulation of N₂O emissions by N deposition.     

非线性临界层与副热带高压的形成

本文用无辐散正压涡度方程模拟非线性临界层。结果表明,在非线性临界层内,流函数场出现“Kelvin猫眼”现象。“猫眼”的流场呈准定常反气旋环流形势,“猫眼”的时空尺度、东移和形状变化与副热带高压有相似之处。因此,非线性临界层产生的“Kelvin猫眼”有可能是位于纬向东西风交界面附近的副热带高压形成的一种新的物理机制。     

黄土覆盖区钼矿综合地球物理找矿技术组合:以沙坡岭钼矿为例

覆盖区寻找隐伏矿成为当前找矿工作的热点问题,为了能在地表地质信息少的黄土覆盖区,寻找隐伏的有经济价值的矿床,本文以沙坡岭钼矿为例,综合应用r能谱、高精度磁法、高密度电法三种地球物理方法进行找矿勘探,辅以偏提取化探法对地球物理异常进行约束,结合地质资料进行解译,预测了有利的成矿区域,通过钻探得到了有效验证,初步建立了黄土覆盖区钼矿的综合地球物理找矿模式,为下一步的综合勘探打下了基础.     

Seismic response of high plasticity clays during extreme events

Mexico City high plasticity clays exhibit a small degree of nonlinearity for shear strains as large as 0.1%, which leads to both moderate shear stiffness degradation and small to medium damping increment, even for long duration subduction strong ground motions, such as the 8.1M_w 1985Michoacan earthquake. Nonetheless, current seismic design criteria of strategic infrastructure used worldwide have striven for having larger return periods for establishing the seismic environment, considering recent large magnitude (M>8.5M_w) events. This paper presents the study of the seismic response of typical high plasticity clays found in the so-called Texcoco Lake, in the surrounding of Mexico City valley, for larger to extreme earthquakes. The shear wave velocity profile was characterized using a down-hole test. The seismic environment was established from a set of uniform hazard response spectra developed for a nearby rock outcrop for return periods of 125, 250, 475 and 2475 years. A time-domain spectral matching was used to develop acceleration time histories compatible with each uniform hazard response spectrum. Both frequency and time domain site response analyses were carried out considering each seismic scenario. Ground nonlinearities were clearly observed in the soil response during extreme ground shaken, which increases rapidly with the return period. This fact must be taken into account to avoid costly and potentially unsafe seismic designs.     

An improved rheology model for the description of the rate-dependent cyclic behavior of high damping rubber bearings

An improved rheology model, inspired from explicit experiments is conceived to represent rate-dependent cyclic shear behavior of high damping rubber bearings at subzero and room temperatures. Total stress has been decomposed into nonlinear rate independent elasto-plastic stress, nonlinear elastic stress and nonlinear visco-elasto-plastic overstress branches. To represent nonlinear viscosity behavior, ‘overstress branch’ has been generalized by putting linear elastic spring in parallel to nonlinear elasto-plastic model, placed in series with nonlinear dashpot. Constitutive relations for model elements have been designated for respective fundamental phenomenon observed in constant strain rate experiments. An optimum calculation approach is developed to determine a unique set of overstress parameters capable not only of representing constant strain rate cyclic tests but also sinusoidal tests with variable input strain rates. Essential abilities of the proposed model and adequacy of estimated parameters have been confirmed by comparing numerical simulation results with experiments conducted at −30 °C, −10 °C and 23 °C.     

A detailed post-IR IRSL chronology for the last interglacial soil at the Jingbian loess site (northern China)

The chronology of dust deposition and climate during the last interglacial is poorly known on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Here, 51 samples were taken from the ∼5 m S1 palaeosol (MIS5) at the desert marginal Jingbian site to develop what is currently the most detailed S1 chronology on the Plateau using instrumental dating techniques. We use the post-IR IRSL signal from sand-sized grains of K-rich feldspar. Signal resetting in the agricultural layer shows that it is possible to almost completely zero this signal in nature. First IR stimulation plateau measurements show that there is no clear dependence of D_e on first IR stimulation temperature between 50 and 260 °C suggesting negligible signal fading. Resultant ages are consistent with a last interglacial age (∼130 to ∼75 ka) and are also consistent within errors with continuous linear sedimentation rates. The average mass accumulation rate for S1 is ∼150 g m⁻² a⁻¹, considerably higher than at many other sites but within the overall range of Loess Plateau estimates. The remarkably stable sediment accumulation at the site contrasts with a more complex record of environmental and monsoonal change recorded in grain-size and magnetic susceptibility.     

东北地区一次暴雨过程的落区分析

利用常规高空、地面观测资料和美国NCEP1°×1°的6 h再分析资料对2008年7月5日08时至6日08时发生在东北地区的暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：此次暴雨过程是蒙古高空槽和华北气旋共同作用下产生的,副热带高压西伸北抬后与东北高压脊叠加形成高压坝,水汽沿高压外围即渤海西岸向东北移动,华北气旋入渤海加强北上,是造成东北地区西部强降水的主要天气形势。风速大于等于16 m/s的低空西南急流的建立为暴雨的发生提供了动力和水汽条件。暴雨到大暴雨过程强降水中心的落区与比湿场的大值区、垂直速度场和涡度场的高值区有较好的对应关系。     

Milking the Plains: movement of large dairy operations into southwestern Kansas

Western Kansas has an historical identification with cattle, with a focus on cattle ranching and more specifically since the 1950s, beef-cattle feedlots. Since the mid-1990s large dairy operations have moved into southwestern Kansas. Today more than twenty large dairies house more than 70,000 milk cows. These operate as confined feeding operations similar to beef-cattle feedlots. Regional advantages for the dairy industry include affordable land with wide-open space, local residents' cattle- and dairy-friendly attitudes, and other factors. Regional promoters have actively recruited dairies, and a dairy-business support system has emerged. The prospects for continued expansion of dairies in southwestern Kansas are unclear; despite the locational advantages and the possibility that the industry may continue to relocate here, as did the cattle-feeding industry several decades ago, further moves into the area may depend on continued resources availability and additional infrastructure development.