“Digital earth” in support of an online oceanic educational public service and popularization

According to the initial vision of "digital earth" (DE), the public should constitute a significant proportion of its users. However, to date, most of the studies and applications have focused on science, the private sector and government. A DE-supported online oceanic educational public service and popularization system, iOcean, is studied. First, the vision for the public’s engagement with "digital ocean" is described: an analysis is presented from four aspects, i.e., the space dimension, the time dimension, the state dimension and its relationship with human beings. Second, the technical framework of iOcean is discussed, including data updating and model computing, the data, the function, and the application layers. Third, two key technologies are studied in detail that will enable the construction of iOcean. More than half a million public viewers have used the current version’s website. Practical demonstrations show that iOcean can bring virtual oceans to web browsers and desktops and construct a bridge between government departments and the general public.     

GS-1型滑坡光纤多参数监测系统的研究

开发一种自动化地质灾害滑坡光纤多参数监测系统,采用基于光纤光栅的反射中心波长随光纤光栅所受的应变或温度的改变产生移动,其波长移动量的多少直接反映应变或温度变化大小的工作原理。利用光纤光栅封装结构的变化,实现应变、应力、压力、温度、位移、振动等多种参量的测试;对多个光纤光栅的中心波长进行排布上的设计,则实现多点的准分布式测量,推动地质灾害监测技术的进步。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区古生代花岗质侵入岩全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素地球化学特征及其意义

白海子南岩体是库鲁克塔格地区典型的古生代花岗质侵入岩。深入了解该岩体岩石成因及物质来源,对研究库鲁克塔格地区构造背景及古生代地壳演化过程具有重要意义。笔者对白海子南岩体进行了系统的全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素及锆石微量元素研究。结果表明,该岩体具有中等ISr（0.710 01~0.712 87）比值,富集的εNd（t）值（-21.01~-18.07）和εHf（t）值（-26.55~-17.28）,对应的Nd二阶段模式年龄（TDM2）和Hf模式年龄（TDMC）分别为2.60~2.84 Ga和2.43~3.00 Ga,表明其是古元古代早期—新太古代地壳物质再循环的产物。锆石微量元素分析表明,该岩体锆石为壳源岩浆锆石,TZr均值为745℃,TTi均值为692℃,属于“冷”岩浆,岩体形成于主动大陆边缘,是南天山洋向南俯冲到塔里木克拉通之下后期阶段的产物,俯冲过程中幔源岩浆底侵产生的余热为该岩体熔融提供热源。在库鲁克塔格地区发现多期次古生代花岗质侵入岩,这些岩体的εNd（t）值和锆石εHf（t）值随年龄的减小呈现先上升后下降的趋势,结合前人已有资料,推测在南天山洋向塔里木克拉通俯冲过程中,库鲁克塔格地区奥陶纪—早石炭世地壳演化经历了先减薄再加厚的演化过程。     

甘南地区近40年气温变化特征

通过时甘南地区近40年气温变化特征分析,发现甘肃西南部年平均气温在1990年代初有暖突变,从1980年代末开始该区域夜间开始明显变暖,到1990年代出现白天、夜间同时变暖的现象,甘肃西南部的气温突变主要是由于1990年代后白天和夜间温度同时上升造成的。秋季气温在1980年代末开始上升,夏季和冬季气温到1990年代初开始上升。最高、最低气温和气温日较差的变化具有明显的季节差异。     

Changes of Warmer Winter and Winter Temperature over China During 1956-2005

 A reasonable warmer winter index (IWWI) in the framework of the three equiprobability categories (i.e. warmer, normal and colder categories) is proposed based on the winter temperature data observed at 565 stations in China during 1956-2005, where IWWI is defined as the ratio of the station number of warmer category over the total number of stations. The results suggest that the trend of IWWI was consistent with that of the winter temperature on decadal time scale, and their rates of change were 10%/10 a and 0.4 ℃/10 a, respectively. It is found that only 13 warmer winter events in total were detected by IWWI over the past 50 years, and 85% of them occurred after 1986.     

基于再分析资料与观测资料的中国低温阈值变化特征研究

采用1979—2013年中国192站逐日最低温度观测资料和NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE、JRA-55、ERA-Interim再分析资料及1979—2004年均一化资料,分别计算低温阈值并对比分析其气候态、年际和年代际变化、长期趋势等特征。结果表明:与观测结果相比,均一化资料阈值在东北、内蒙古西部和两广等地偏低,在青藏高原东侧、新疆北部和黄河中下游偏高,线性趋势则相反;再分析资料阈值在南方偏低、东北偏高,在东部的可信度高于西部;再分析资料能显示内蒙古中西部的降温趋势和青藏高原的增温趋势,但在数值和范围上有差异,且均低估了观测资料反映的华北地区的显著升温现象;再分析资料能体现观测资料阈值的全区一致性、东北与其他地区反相的空间分布及其年际变化特征,仅JRA-55和ERA-Interim可再现低温阈值的年代际变化特征。     

东北地区冬季气温与北极涛动年代际关系研究

利用中国160站气温资料、北极涛动指数资料及关国NCEP／NCAR再分析资料中月平均海平面气压场、高度场、风场资料，分析了东北地区冬季气温、冬季北极涛动的年代际特征及其关系。结果表明：在年代际时间尺度上，两者之间存在显著正相关。冬季北极涛动处于低（高）指数期，东北冬季气温为持续冷冬（暖冬）期。可能影响机制是：在地面，冬季北极涛动处于低（高）指数期时，西伯利亚高压增强（减弱），亚洲大陆偏北冬季风增强（减弱），东北为持续冷冬（暖冬）期；在对流层中层，冬季北极涛动处于低（高）指数期时，东亚大槽加深（减弱），贝加尔湖以西以北脊增强（减弱），环流呈经向（纬向）型发展，东北对流层中层偏北风增强（减弱），东北为持续冷冬（暖冬）期。     

独山锑矿稳定同位素地球化学研究

通过氧、硫、氢、碳、铅等稳定同位素和矿物包裹体地球化学的研究;指出独山锑矿成矿温度低(1OO～200℃).成矿流体主要为大气降水,成矿物质主要来自地层;成矿作用以构造裂隙充填型为主;系大气降水低温热液型矿床.该类矿化是地洼区构造活化成矿的一种典型成因类型.     

中太平洋YJB海山富钴结核矿物组成与元素地球化学

研究样品采自马尔库斯（MARCUS）海脊YJB海山。利用等离子光谱、等离子质谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱、场发射电镜等分析测试方法,对其富钴结核中不同构造层的矿物组成和元素地球化学研究表明： 该球状结核核部是玄武岩,向外具四层构造。矿石矿物为水羟锰矿和少量的钙锰矿,脉石矿物为磷灰石、石英、斜长石等,微量矿物有蒙脱石、高岭石、钠沸石、方英石、辉石、束沸石等。老结核相对富TMn、Cu、Ca、P等元素,新结核相对富集TFe、Co、Ni、Si、Al等元素。在老、新结核中,从下部构造层到上部构造层,TMn、Co、Ni、Cu、Ba、Zn、Pb、Mo等的质量分数逐渐减少,TFe逐渐增加。核内玄武岩属大洋板内玄武岩,其成因可能与地幔柱有关。结核的稀土元素总量是1 924.07×10^-6,Ce具明显的正异常。在老、新结核不同构造层中,Ce的演化趋势同TMn等元素,其他稀土元素与Fe等相似。     

獐子岛养殖区夏季底层水温快速变化的机理分析

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.