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181.
The so called Upper Río Negro Valley in Argentina is one of the most important fruit and vegetable production regions of the country. It comprises the lower valleys of the Limay and Neuquén rivers and the upper Negro river valley. Out of the 41,671 cultivated hectares, 84.6% are cultivated with fruit trees, especially apple, pear and stone fruit trees. Late frosts occurring when trees are sensitive to low temperatures have a significant impact on the regional production. This study presents an analysis of air flow characteristics in the Upper Río Negro Valley and its relationship with ambient air flow. To such effect, observations made when synoptic-scale weather patterns were favorable for radiative frosts (light wind and clear sky) or nocturnal temperature inversion in the lower layer were used. In the Negro river valley, both wind channeling and downward horizontal momentum transport from ambient wind were observed; in nighttime, very light wind events occurred, possibly associated with drainage winds from the nearby higher levels of the barda. In the Neuquén river valley, the prevailing effect appeared to be forced channeling, consistent with the results obtained in valleys where the synoptic scale wind crossed the axis of the valley. In the Limay river valley, the flow was observed to blow parallel to the longitudinal valley axis, possibly influenced by pressure gradient and forced channeling. 相似文献
182.
M. J. Best C. S. B. Grimmond Maria Gabriella Villani 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(3):503-525
The UK Met Office has introduced a new scheme for its urban tile in MOSES 2.2 (Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme version 2.2), which is currently implemented within the operational Met Office weather forecasting model. Here, the performance of the urban tile is evaluated in two urban areas: the historic core of downtown Mexico City and a light industrial site in Vancouver, Canada. The sites differ in terms of building structures and mean building heights. In both cases vegetation cover is less than 5%. The evaluation is based on surface energy balance flux measurements conducted at approximately the blending height, which is the location where the surface scheme passes flux data into the atmospheric model. At both sites, MOSES 2.2 correctly simulates the net radiation, but there are discrepancies in the partitioning of turbulent and storage heat fluxes between predicted and observed values. Of the turbulent fluxes, latent heat fluxes were underpredicted by about one order of magnitude. Multiple model runs revealed MOSES 2.2 to be sensitive to changes in the canopy heat storage and in the ratio between the aerodynamic roughness length and that for heat transfer (temperature). Model performance was optimum with heat capacity values smaller than those generally considered for these sites. The results suggest that the current scheme is probably too simple, and that improvements may be obtained by increasing the complexity of the model. 相似文献
183.
北京市大兴区地下水资源开采潜力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据不同含水岩组的水量、水质和水温特征,分析了大兴区地下水资源的开采潜力,提出了地下水开发利用建议,为大兴区城市规划、城市供水方案提供依据。 相似文献
184.
规则格网DEM化简的一种改进方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了从较高分辨率DEM化简到较低分辨率DEM的地形简化方法的优缺点,提出了考虑整体地形特征信息的一种改进方法,实现了改进后的方法具有较好的简化效果。 相似文献
185.
Multigen Creator具有强大的地物建模功能,但不同领域的建模仍缺乏统一的方法,应结合领域特点与应用需求进行具体方法设计。本文以某露天采石场的3维建模与可视化为例,探讨了基于等高线建立3维地面模型实现可视化的方法,介绍了其在某采石场的应用,模拟开采后的整个生态地貌,为政府决策以及绿色开采提供了有力的技术支持。 相似文献
186.
将有限区域展宽网格方法应用于区域物理参数化大气模式中,来检验其模拟湿物理过程的能力。展宽网格模型旨在在一个大的有限空间区域中得到我们所关注的小区域的高分辨率。运用展宽网格模型对南美地区进行模拟的结果表明:当拥有充足的物理参数集时,模型模拟效果良好;并且,如果改进计算机功率,便可得到与始终保持高分辨率模拟具有可比性的输出结果。 相似文献
187.
区域重力调查中的中区地形改正方法及精度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在讨论重力中区地改方法的基础上,分别用20m×20m、50m×50m和100m×100m方域计算了北祁连西段1:20万区域重力调查的764个测点的中区地改值,通过移动方域网格进行检查计算,讨论了各算法对地形的模拟程度和地改计算精度. 相似文献
188.
与古遗址相邻的江、河由于后期的工程活动,如水库、大坝的修建和蓄水,水位上升,将对遗址区地下水的运动规律及渗流场产生较大影响。在其影响下,古遗址可能产生各种环境地质灾害并对其发掘安全产生不利影响。论文以国家重点文物——湖南里耶秦代古城遗址安全发掘深度研究为例,在分析水库蓄水诱发的环境地质灾害的基础上,对遗址在不同库水位下的安全发掘深度及发掘方案进行了研究,提出了保障发掘安全的工程措施。研究成果为国家重点文物的保护和进一步发掘提供了科学依据。对类似文物工程的保护和发掘具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
189.
Tilt corrections over complex terrain and their implication for CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> transport
Jielun Sun 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(2):143-159
Observational data from sonic anemometers are commonly rotated from sonic to streamline coordinates, a procedure that is called
tilt correction. Tilt corrections are often used to post-process air velocity data collected from sonic anemometers to allow
objective interpretation of air flow data relative to the Earth. Since streamline coordinates depend on dynamical characteristics
of the flow, the tilt correction depends not only on temporal and spatial variations of the flow, but also on local circulations.
We found that ensemble- averaged slope flows are approximately parallel to the terrain slope close to the ground within the
canopy layer, but not above, due to the influence of the diurnal variation of local vertical circulations. As a result, the
diurnal variation of the observed vertical velocity in streamline coordinates at 21.5 m above the ground over 11-m tall forest
canopies can be opposite to that calculated from the continuity equation. To estimate CO2 transport over sloping terrain, a workable reference coordinate system is needed such that multiple sonic anemometers have
a common reference relative to the Earth. Streamline coordinate systems can be the choice of the common reference coordinate
system only if flow, at least ensemble-averaged flow, is parallel to terrain slopes. The choice of the reference coordinate
system and its implication in investigation of CO2 transport are discussed.
The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
190.