Features of ozone mini-hole events over the Tibetan Plateau

Based on TOMS total ozone data and SCIAMACHY ozone profile data, climatology of the ozone minihole events over the Tibetan Plateau and ozone vertical structure variations during an ozone mini-hole event in December 2003 are analyzed. The analyses show that before 1990 ozone mini-hole events only occurred in November–December of 1987 but that the number of events increases after 1990. These events only occur from October through February, with maximum occurrence frequency in December. During the event in Dec...     

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE VARIATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AND ITS PRECURSORS OVER CHINA

By means of a three-dimensional meteorological model(MM5)and a chemical model,thedistributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors over China have been simulated in summerand winter time,16—18 August 1994 and 7—9 January 1995.The distribution of ozone over theTibetan Plateau in summer time is deeply discussed.The simulated results indicate that thedistributions of surface ozone and NO_x are in good agreement with observed results,and humanactivities and photochemical reactions are the main factors controlling the surface ozone and NO_xconcentrations.In addition,higher ozone concentrations are coincided with the air convergence,and the lower concentrations are related to the air divergence.In summer,over the TibetanPlateau the strong flow convergence results in higher ozone concentrations in the lowertroposphere:and the strong flow divergence results in lower ozone concentrations in the uppertroposphere.In winter time ozone concentrations show Iarge-scale characteristics controlled bywesterly flow,and in the jet area they are lower than those outside the jet.     

Stratospheric Ozone-induced Cloud Radiative Effects on Antarctic Sea Ice

Recent studies demonstrate that the Antarctic Ozone Hole has important influences on Antarctic sea ice. While most of these works have focused on effects associated with atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes caused by stratospheric ozone changes, here we show that stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects also play important roles in causing changes in Antarctic sea ice. Our simulations demonstrate that the recovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole causes decreases in clouds over Southe...     

平流层臭氧的温室效应及其气候影响

本文阐述大气中重要的“痕量气体”之一——臭氧(平流层臭氧)对地球表面和低层大气的温室效应及其全球气候的反馈影响;指出了云的辐射力的概念及其重要性,并讨论了“南极臭氧洞”现象。     

两个模式对平流层温度模拟的比较与分析

利用第5代欧洲中心—汉堡大气环流模式ECHAM5全球大气环流谱模式和中国气象局自主研发的GRAPES全球同化与预报模式分别对2010年1月1—6日全球平流层温度进行了模拟分析,结合相应时段的全球最终分析资料FNL,对比评估了两个模式对平流层温度的模拟效果,并对较为显著的误差现象进行了分析与探讨。结果表明:对于50 h Pa高度上的温度,ECHAM5模式模拟的温度与FNL资料的结果在研究时段内随时间的变化很小,而GRAPES模式模拟的结果在南半球随时间变化显著偏暖。进一步将ECHAM5和GRAPES模式所用的温度初始场进行对比研究表明,两者的分布形态非常形似,尤其是在南半球地区,大部分差值接近于零。将ECHAM5采用的全球臭氧廓线应用于GRAPES模式中,对比发现南半球平流层异常增温的现象仍然存在。因此,温度初始场和臭氧廓线的选取不是造成GRAPES模式模拟出现南半球平流层异常增温的主要原因,需要对GRAPES模式中其他动力及物理过程或参数选取做进一步的深入分析,以弄清其在平流层温度模拟中出现较大偏差的原因。     

Air Temperature Changes over the Tibetan Plateau and Other Regions in the Same Latitudes and the Role of Ozone Depletion

Using radiosonde and satellite observations, we investigated the trends of air temperature changes over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） in comparison with those over other regions in the same latitudes from 1979 to 2002. It is shown that Over the TP, the trends of air temperature changes in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere were out of phase with those in the lower to middle troposphere. Air temperature decreased and a decreasing trend appeared in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere. The amplitude of the annual or seasonal mean temperature decreases over the TP was larger than that over the whole globe. In the lower to middle troposphere over the TP, temperature increased, and the increasing trend was stronger than that over the non-plateau regions in the same latitudes in the eastern part of China. Meanwhile, an analysis of the satellite observed ozone data in the same period of 1979-2002 shows that over the TP, the total ozone amount declined in all seasons, and the ozone depleted the most compared with the situations in other regions in the same latitudes. It is proposed that the difference between the ozone depletion over the TP and that over other regions in the same latitudes may lead to the difference in air temperature changes. Because of the aggravated depletion of ozone over the TP, less （more） ultraviolet radiation was absorbed in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere （lower to middle troposphere） over the TP, which favored a stronger cooling in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere, and an intenser heating in the lower to middle troposphere over the TP. Therefore, the comparatively more depletion of ozone over the TP is possibly a reason for the difference between the air temperature changes over the TP and those over other regions in the same latitudes.     

青藏高原对流层臭氧含量变化的太阳周期活动信号分析

利用1979~1992年卫星TOR对流层臭氧数据库资料,以及同期太阳辐照度数据序列,考察青藏高原对流层臭氧含量变化与太阳辐射周期变化之间的关系.分析表明,青藏高原对流层臭氧分布表现出与太阳辐照度相同的变化趋势,存在着明显的太阳周期变化特征.逐月线性回归分析表明,太阳辐照度增加导致青藏高原对流层臭氧增加的正效应.在太阳周期内,太阳辐射增加可使青藏高原对流层臭氧、平流层臭氧和臭氧总量分别增加1.31、4.97、6.628DU,或4.07%、2.04%、2.28%.该特征与赤道太平洋地区完全相反,分析产生差异的原因,至少应包括两方面因素：一是背景大气NOX和水汽含量的差异;二是青藏高原频繁发生的平流层-对流层大气物质交换和输送.     

空气污染-气候相互作用:IPCC AR6的结论解读

本文解读最近发布的政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC）第六次气候变化评估报告（Sixth Assessment Report,AR6）关于空气污染-气候相互作用的主要新结论。在大气污染物的气候效应方面,AR6估算了大气污染物或其前体物排放变化导致的有效辐射强迫值（Effective Radiative Forcing,ERF）,对评估大气污染治理可能产生的气候效应具有启示性意义。AR6也估算出1750—2019年间人为强迫导致的全球平均地表温度（Global mean Surface Air Temperature,GSAT）变化为1.29（0.99～1.65）℃,其中,均匀混合温室气体、臭氧、气溶胶导致的温度变化分别为1.58（1.17～2.17）℃、0.23（0.11～0.39）℃、-0.50（-0.22～-0.96）℃。气溶胶历史变化的气候效应中,起决定性作用的是由SO₂排放变化通过气溶胶-云相互作用所产生的ERF （高信度）,从而部分抵消了人为排放温室气体所引起的变暖（高信度）。在气候变化影响大气污染物方面,AR6首次评估获得了地表臭氧浓度对温度的敏感性,在偏远地区为-0.2 ～-2 nL·L^-1·℃^-1、在污染区为0.2 ～2 nL·L^-1·℃^-1。在大多数陆地区域,关于气候变化是增加还是减少PM_2.5,目前模式结果结论的一致性较低。     

Summertime Surface N2O Concentration Observed on FildesPeninsula Antarctica： Correlation with TotalAtmospheric O3 and Solar Activity

Three-year summertime surface atmospheric N2O concentrations were observed for the first timeon the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica, and the relationships among the N2O concentration, totalatmospheric O3 amount, and sunspot number were analyzed. Solar activity had an important effecton surface N20 concentration and total O3 amount, and increases of sunspot number were followed bydecreases in the N2O concentration and total O3 amount. A corresponding relationship exists betweenthe N2O concentration and total atmospheric O3, and ozone destruction was preceded by N2O reduction.We propose that the extended solar activity in the Antarctic summer reduces the stratospheric N2O byconverting it into NOx, increases the diffusion of N2O from the troposphere to the stratosphere, decreasesthe surface atmospheric N2O, and depletes O3 via the chemical reaction between O3 and NOx. Ourobservation results are consistent with the theory of solar activity regarding the formation of the AntarcticO3 hole.     

GPSO3和Vaisala臭氧探空仪平行施放比对结果的初步分析

为促进中国大气臭氧高空探测业务化进程,中国科学院大气物理研究所和中国气象局监测网络司联合组织了对国产GPS数字化大气臭氧探空仪（GPSO3）和芬兰Vaisala 公司产大气臭氧探空仪(Vaisala)主要技术性能的比对。现场平行施放比对于2002年1月在北京进行,共施放了7对臭氧探空仪。对两类大气臭氧探空仪现场平行施放比对试验结果的分析表明,两种臭氧探空仪所获得的大气中臭氧浓度随高度的变化特征之间有很好的一致性。在12～27 km高度范围内,两种探空仪臭氧测值之间的相对误差平均在10％以内,而在10 km以下和27 km以上,GPSO3探空仪的臭氧测值偏高。本文介绍了比对方法,分析了两类探空仪对臭氧廓线某些特征值的比对结果并讨论了平行施放比对时气球升速的差异可能对臭氧测值带来的影响。