2005年青藏高原唐古拉地区地表能量收支状况分析

利用青藏高原唐古拉地区2005年涡动系统和10 m气象塔数据资料,计算分析了该地区地表能量收支状况.结果表明: 感热与潜热均有明显的季节变化特征,感热春季较大,夏季有下降趋势;潜热夏秋季节较大,冬春季节较小;净辐射在冬春季节主要转化为感热,夏秋季节转化为潜热,这些主要受季风、活动层冻、融过程及净辐射变化的影响.Bowen比夏秋季节平均为0.7,冬春季节平均为3.4,变化范围为-1.0～17.9.另外,研究显示降雨对感热、潜热通量影响较大.     

加入不变矩的高分辨率遥感图像分类

不变矩是表达图像几何形状信息的参数,具有几何变换的稳定性,在图像识别领域已经得到广泛应用。本文将3种常用的不变矩,即胡氏矩、Zern ike矩和小波矩,运用到高分辨率遥感图像分类中,并与只利用光谱信息的图像分类结果进行对比。结果表明,在高分辨率图像分类中加入不变矩图像可以显著提高分类精度,尤其是对那些具有相似光谱特征但同时具有不同形状和结构特征的地物分类更加有效。     

基于析因数值实验方法的蒸发皿蒸发归因研究

蒸发皿蒸发是唯一可长时间大范围观测的潜在蒸发,其准确估算和长时间序列趋势变化归因分析,对变化环境下干旱研究、水文过程理解分析与预估具有重要意义。本文筛选出416个具有连续观测的气象台站资料,率定了PenPan模型中适合模拟中国20 cm口径（D20）蒸发皿蒸发的风速函数,发展了基于去趋势法的析因数值实验归因法,对比了此方法与常用的偏导归因法在1960-2014年、1960-1993年（“蒸发悖论”时段）及1993-2014年（“蒸发悖论”消失）蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化的归因结果。结果表明,使用新率定的风速函数f_q(u₂)=3.977×10^-8(1+0.505u₂)能更准确模拟中国D20蒸发皿蒸发;相较于偏导归因法结果,析因数值实验法也能对蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化进行定量归因分析,且归因结果略优于偏导归因法结果;此外,可利用析因数值实验法的基准态信息来对偏导归因法结果进行校正,从而更准确地对蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化进行归因分析,加深对蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化的理解,为水文水循环研究准确分析提供保障。     

长江大保护与长江经济带的可持续发展——关于落实习总书记重要指示,实现长江经济带可持续发展的认识与建议

中国国土开发与经济布局的“T”字型架构仍然是中国今后经济增长潜力最大的两大地带。本文对长江经济带的战略地位与落实习近平总书记关于“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”指示的重大意义作了初步阐述,指出了近20年来长江经济带在实现了高速经济增长的同时却忽视了保护的重要性;认为贯彻习总书记的“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”最为关键的是落实一个“共”字,即“共抓”,并提出了各地区各部门要长时期采取协调一致的具体行动的几个主要领域。     

基于“功能-能力”框架的中国多维福祉测评及区域均衡分析

基于“功能-能力”框架构建中国多维福祉测评指标体系,对1995~2014年中国省级区域多维福祉水平、空间差异以及功能与能力福祉的区域均衡类型进行研究发现：① 中国功能福祉与能力福祉水平均有明显提升。四大区域功能福祉水平由高到低依次为东部、东北、中部和西部地区,能力福祉水平东部最高、中部最低,西部与东北较为接近。② 整体来看,中国功能福祉的省际差异缩小,能力福祉的省际差异有所扩大。③ 中国各省份功能福祉与能力福祉的发展大致经历了“功能福祉主导→能力福祉主导→较高水平协调”的不断优化演进过程,提高能力福祉向功能福祉的转换效率是促进中国综合福祉提升及其协调发展的关键。     

国土审计空间辅助系统的实现

针对传统国土审计方法无法快速发现土地违法利用的问题,该文建立了基于审计方法模型的国土审计空间辅助系统。该系统由数据展示、数据交换、影像自动识别提取、审计模型分析等模块组成;利用该系统对耕地保护、土地开发、违法建筑等审计方向建立模型并分析应用,并对遥感影像分类识别算法与动态生成图层应用关键技术进行探讨。该系统已应用在浙江省的市县国土专项审计、省土地出让金收支审计项目中,完成了高准确度的基本农田范围内疑似违法用地提取与按需生成空间范围图层,为国土审计工作提供了从二维展示到空间分析提取等多样管理与决策手段,提升了国土审计监督能力。     

内蒙古河套地方性砷中毒区地质环境特征与成因探讨

论文通过对内蒙古砷中毒病区地质环境调查和防砷改水试验工作。从病区地质环境特征入手，系统分析了构造环境；第四纪地质环境水文地质环境，水化学环境，岩矿地球化学环境和古地理及生物化学环境等诸方面特征，对高砷的地质环境成因进行了探讨．得出十条高砷病区与地质环境之间的成因关系，认为高砷病区的形成与地质环境特征有着密切的成因联系．地方性砷中毒是在特定的地质环境条件下形成的。这对地方性砷中毒的形成、分布及防治具有一定的指导意义，亦为后期防砷改水提供了科学依据。     

应用气象卫星NOAA-AVHRR图像进行植被研究的多时相途径

本文讨论了应用NOAA-AVHRR数字图像研究植被季相变化和进行植被分类的多时相方法。对生长季节的各时相植被指数VI图像进行图像分割,可揭示植被绿锋的进退和季相变化及其在空间上的表现。对多时相的植被指数VI图像进行主成分变换,据第一主成分的直方图各特征峰的形状和位置进行图像分割,可获得植被景观图,这一结果与现行的植被分布图相当一致。     

Understanding the latest progress in mitigating climate change and facilitating carbon neutrality北大核心CSCD

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report of Working Group III of the Sixth Assessment Report "climate change 2022: mitigating climate change". The report accessed and summarized the latest research progress on climate change mitigation since the release of the Fifth Assessment Report, which will provide an important reference for the international community to further understand climate change mitigation actions, system transformation, and the pursuit of sustainable development. The report pointed out that human activities had cumulatively emitted about 2.4 trillion tons of CO2 from 1850 to 2019, of which 58% was emitted before 1990. In order to control the level of global temperature rise in the future, deep and immediate mitigation actions are required. In both low and minimum emission scenarios, fossil energy needs to be greatly reduced; renewable energy will be the mainstay of future energy supply; achieving carbon neutrality requires relying on negative emission technologies and increasing carbon sinks. Technological progress is one of the key conditions for helping the world combat climate change. Accelerated and equitable climate action is critical to sustainable development. The report's conclusions once again show that China's carbon neutrality target is in line with the mitigation path of the Paris Agreement's temperature rise target of less than 2 °C and striving to achieve 1.5°C. In the future, China should strengthen special research programs on the national concerns and key contents covered in the report. While strengthening scientific interpretation and effective use of the report's conclusions, it is also necessary to actively participate in the IPCC scientific assessment process, actively contribute Chinese wisdom, and contribute to the international dissemination of Chinese climate governance concepts. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy All rights reserved.     

On the stability of fissured slopes subject to seismic action

A set of analytical solutions achieved by the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and the pseudo‐static approach is presented for the assessment of the stability of homogeneous c, ϕ slopes manifesting vertical cracks and subject to seismic action. Rotational failure mechanisms are considered for slopes with cracks of either known or unknown depth and location. A validation exercise was carried out based on numerical limit analyses and displacement‐based finite‐element analyses with strength reduction technique. Charts providing the stability factor for fissured slopes subject to both horizontal and vertical accelerations for any combination of c, ϕ and slope inclination are provided. The effect of the direction of the vertical acceleration on slope stability is specifically analysed. Yield seismic coefficients are also provided. When the presence of cracks within the slope can be ascertained with reasonable confidence, maps showing the zones within the slope where they have no destabilising effect are provided. Finally, Newmark's method was employed to assess the effect of cracks on earthquake induced displacements. To this end, displacement coefficients are provided in chart form as a function of the slope characteristics. Two examples of slopes subjected to known earthquakes are illustrated. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.