698nm窄线宽激光器研究进展

窄线宽激光器在铯原子喷泉钟、光钟以及时间频率传递等方面有着重要的作用。主要介绍中国科学院国家授时中心开展的工作波长为698 nm窄线宽激光器的研究进展。实验中采用两级稳频方法将激光锁到初稳腔和高稳腔。通过第一级稳频,激光线宽为1.1 kHz;目前已初步实现了第二级稳频。通过逐渐优化第二级稳频,可以实现Hz量级线宽激光。     

参考腔模式匹配及其在激光稳频中的应用

窄线宽激光器是光钟的核心部件,也是原子光精密测量的关键仪器。利用参考腔的功率反射率和功率透射率与损耗的关系给出了窄线宽激光器系统稳频中腔镜损耗的理论表达式。对腔镜的实际反射率与损耗进行了实验测量和计算。实验结果表明,优化模式匹配效率,可以进一步减小腔镜损耗。更重要的是,腔镜损耗的优化有助于提高稳频的锁定质量。     

增压式真空预压处理软基的加固机理

常规的真空预压往往由于竖向排水板堵塞引起排水固结效果差、工期长。对此,笔者采用增压式真空预压处理某一站场软土地基弥补上述不足。通过分析对比增压式和常规真空预压处理方式下地基在加固期内的沉降、孔隙水压力变化特征,评价增压条件下的处理效果。结果表明：采用增压式真空预压三、四区地表沉降量明显大于常规处理的一区,且孔隙水压力消散速度也快于一区;而1.0 m间距的三区产生的预压沉降量较1.2 m间距的四区增加约30%;增压式真空预压利用增压管的增压作用能加速软基排水过程并改良排水板易淤积的不良性能。     

挥发性有机物污染泥浆固化稳定化试验研究

针对有机污染场地修复施工过程中出现的冒浆现象,选取2种典型有机污染泥浆,通过多组室内试验,对比分析了4种固化剂的固化稳定效果。结果表明：4种固化剂均有较好的减水效果,典型泥浆I的含水率28 d降幅可达45%,而典型泥浆II的28 d减水效果以固化剂A（5%水泥）最优,其含水率降幅为37%;固化土样孔隙水电导率EC随龄期先升高后降低,其峰值出现在3 d或7 d;固化土样pH值总体随龄期而增大,且典型泥浆II的pH值明显高于典型泥浆I;泥浆固化后qu值随龄期发展而快速增长,且典型泥浆I强度远高于典型泥浆II,并以固化剂A、C固化增强效果最佳,28 d时固化剂C固化的典型泥浆I、II的qu值分别达到233、48 kPa;添加固化剂尤其是含凹凸棒土的固化剂B、D能有效降低有机污染物的浸出,其28 d龄期对典型泥浆I、II的稳定率超过81%。固化泥浆EC、pH值与qu值关系具有明显规律,可反映其强度生长状况。     

基于耦合标势与矢势的有限体积法模拟非均匀各向异性地层中多分量感应测井三维响应

为快速有效地研究、考察各向异性地层条件下多分量感应测井的响应特征,本文利用电场标势与矢势的有限体积法研制出三维频率域电磁场响应的数值模拟算法,克服由低频发射或高阻地层产生的低感应数问题,有效提高了三维电磁数值模拟算法的应用范围和计算效率.首先利用电场的标势与矢势将Maxwell方程转化为满足库仑规范条件的耦合势Helmholtz方程,以Yee氏交错非均匀网格中不同位置上的节点为中心建立四种控制体积单元,通过对控制体积单元中电磁场与电导率的积分平均实现耦合势方程和磁偶极子旋度的离散,并得到一个对角占优的大型稀疏复线性代数方程组,然后,通过不完全LU分解预处理和稳定双共轭梯度法快速求解离散方程.数值结果证明了该算法的有效性,并进一步考查了仪器偏心、倾斜井、垂直裂缝等复杂条件下多分量感应的响应特征.     

A process‐based hypothesis for the barchan–parabolic transformation and implications for dune activity modelling

The introduction of vegetation to bare barchan dunes can result in a morphological transformation to vegetated parabolic dunes. Models can mimic this planform inversion, but little is known about the specific processes and mechanisms responsible. Here we outline a minimalist, quantitative, and process‐based hypothesis to explain the barchan–parabolic transformation. The process is described in terms of variations in the stabilization of wind‐parallel cross‐sectional dune slices. We hypothesize that stabilization of individual ‘dune slices’ is the predictable result of feedbacks initiated from colonization of vegetation on the slipface, which can only occur when slipface deposition rates are less than the deposition tolerance of vegetation. Under a constant vegetation growth regime the transformation of a barchan dune into a parabolic dune is a geometric response to spanwise gradients in deposition rates. Initial vegetation colonization of barchan horns causes shear between the anchored sides and the advancing centre of the dune, which rotates the planform brinkline angle from concave‐ to convex‐downwind. This reduces slipface deposition rate and allows vegetation to expand inward from the arms to the dune centre. The planform inversion of bare barchans dunes into vegetated parabolic dunes ultimately leads to complete stabilization. Our hypothesis raises several important questions for future study: (i) are parabolic dunes transitional landforms between active and vegetation‐stabilized dune states? (ii) should stabilization modelling of parabolic dune fields be treated differently than linear dunes? and (iii) are stabilized parabolic dune fields ‘armoured’ against re‐activation? Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lime Stabilization of Soils Underlying a Salt Evaporation Pond: A Laboratory Study

The purpose of this article is to investigate a possible use of lime for the stabilization of base soils underlying salt evaporation ponds in Çamalt? Solar Marine Salt Plant. The plant is located on the old Gediz River Delta, on the north shore of the Izmir Bay-Turkey, where alluvial deltaic soft marine sediments constitute the local soil condition. The low bearing capacity of the pond base soils results in some problems on the mechanical harvest of the solar salt. Therefore, stabilization was taken into consideration for improving the productivity of the salt plant. For this purpose, bench-scale laboratory tests were performed on the specimens that had been sampled from the bases of the salt evaporation pond to investigate the influence of lime on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of these marine sediments. By interpreting the pH test results and consistency limits of the lime stabilized soils, optimum lime content was determined as 8%. The verification of the long-term pozzolanic reactions for the optimum lime content was conducted by performing UCS tests with up to six months curing periods, along with the microstructural analysis through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Long-term tests revealed that the optimum lime content successfully sustained the required pozzolanic reactions, and a strength gain of 500% was achieved for a six-month curing period.     

基于生物酶的固土技术在香港的应用研究

传统加固土体的方法主要是通过在土中加入一定量的高性能掺合剂使之成为一种强度较高的复合土体,但这种方法需要较长的养护时间,且不经济。利用一种新型实用的生物酶固化技术,针对香港地区3种常见的海洋黏土、完全风化花岗岩和完全风化凝灰岩,开展了土体加固试验研究。试验结果表明,生物酶对海洋土的加固效果最好,强度增加最高可达20%,而生物酶对完全风化花岗岩的加固效果则不太理想,抗剪强度指标只有少许改变。此外,海洋土和完全风化凝灰岩的压缩性因为生物酶的作用反而有所增强。最后,从微观上分析了生物酶固土作用的本质,指出固土效果主要缘自于生物酶分子与土中的黏土矿物分子发生相互作用产生的胶结作用。     

养护龄期和铅含量对磷酸镁水泥固化/稳定化铅污染土的固稳性能影响规律及微观机制

采用磷酸镁水泥（MPC）对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理。基于无侧限抗压强度试验、渗透试验和浸出试验,研究了养护龄期和铅含量对污染土固稳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：固化土的强度随养护龄期增加而增大,渗透系数和浸出浓度减小,7 d龄期的固化土强度和浸出浓度分别为0.36 MPa、1.75 mg/L,均满足环境安全标准;铅含量对固化土的强度及渗透特性的影响均存在临界值,为500 mg/kg。铅含量低于临界值时,固化土的强度随着铅含量的增加而增加,渗透系数随着铅含量的增加而减小。浸出浓度随铅含量的增加而增加,但浸出浓度均低于浸出安全标准。压汞试验结果表明,随养护龄期的增大,固化土孔隙体积减小,铅含量不超过临界值时,固化土孔隙体积随着铅含量的增大而减小。扫描电镜试验结果表明：随着养护龄期的增加,土颗粒团聚化越明显,胶结程度加强;铅含量不超过临界值时,土颗粒团聚体增多。镁钾磷酸盐晶体（MKP）主要通过减少孔径大于0.1 ?m的孔隙体积来影响固化土的渗透特性。