Stabilization of the Farley-Buneman instability by three-wave interaction as consequence of the modification of the speed of energy transfer from an external electric field

The energetics of the stabilization of Farley-Buneman (FB) waves by three-wave interaction is studied. Considering decay processes of three FB waves in an open system, which are supposed to be called “quasi-decay processesŔ, it is shown, that during wave stabilization the direct energy transfer between the waves, which is essential for the stabilization of instabilities by normal decay processes in closed plasma systems, is less effective. According to the estimates, a decreasing growth rate of a FB wave, and thus a possible stabilization of the FB instability, may occur as a consequence of the change of the speed of energy transfer from an external electric field, which is caused by the action of two other waves.     

Stabilization of Expansive Clays Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and GBFS-Cement

Expansive clays undergo swelling when subjected to water. This can cause damage, especially to light weight structures, water conveyance canals, lined reservoirs, highways, and airport runways unless appropriate measures are taken. In this study, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and GBFS-cement (GBFSC) were utilized to overcome or to limit the expansion of an artificially prepared expansive soil sample (sample A). GBFS and GBFSC were added to sample A in proportions of 5–25% by weight. The effects of these stabilizers on grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, swelling percentage and rate of swell of soil samples were determined. GBFS and GBFSC were shown to successfully decreasing the total amount of swell while increasing the rate of swell.     

深层水泥搅拌法在土体加固中的应用

介绍了在某护岸改造工程利用CDM加固体作为临时挡土墙的施工工艺。结果表明该工艺具有理想的效果,开创了CDM加固护岸坡脚土体的新工艺。     

Evaluation of embankment foundation creep in conditions of deep bedding of roof in permafrost soils

Railroad operating experience in permafrost conditions has shown that deformations of embankments on thawing foun-dations last for a long time. After an initial period of heat settlement due to permafr...     

Finite element analysis of steep excavation slope failure by CFS theory

The distribution of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change in the steep excavation slope is calculated by finite element method in this paper, and the failure mechanics under different conditions have been investigated. Comparing the CFSs before and after the slope excavation (stress loading and unloading processes), the dangerous internal zone and the most likely failure external area are attained. Given the shear cracks on the top surface while tensile stress or cracks along the toe of the slope, we analyze the high cutting-angle steep slope in Kaixian county of the Three Gorges Reservoir region. We bring forward that the peak value of CFS after excavation can reach to the order of 0.1 MPa, which is greatly higher than that of before. Our preliminary results are useful for optimizing the reinforcement structure during the steep slope stabilization engineering.     

A Comprehensive Method for Fractionating Soil Organic Matter Not Protected and Protected from Decomposition by Physical and Chemical Mechanisms

The objective of this work was to describe a method for isolating meaningful and measurable soil organic matter (SOM) pools that differ in the mechanisms by which they are protected from decomposition. The proposed method is appropriate for soil C stabilization and sequestration studies. Unlike previous fractionation schemes, this procedure allows free SOM located between aggregates (unprotected C pool) and SOM occluded within both macroaggregates and microaggregates (C weakly and strongly protected by physical mechanisms, respectively) to be recovered separately, freed from the soil mineral matrix and the mineral‐associated SOM pool (C pool protected by chemical mechanisms) and thus well suited to advanced chemical characterization by ¹³C‐NMR. Briefly, free SOM is isolated by an initial density separation. Stable macroaggregates are broken up into stable microaggregates and intra‐macroaggregate SOM, which is then separated by density. Finally, intra‐microaggregate SOM is isolated from mineral‐associated SOM by a third density separation after ultrasonic disruption. The SOM dissolved during the fractionation procedure is also recovered. Results obtained on soil samples with contrasting textures suggested that clay content induces a decrease of the proportion of free organic C and an increase of mineral‐associated organic C content. Free SOM is characterized by a marked presence of undecayed organic material and biologically labile substances, such as carbohydrates and proteins. In contrast, SOM occluded within aggregates, especially within microaggregates, represents a more decomposed fraction, relatively enriched in unsubstituted‐aliphatic material, most probably lipid biopolymers.     

Topographic changes of a supply‐limited inland parabolic sand dune during the incipient phase of stabilization

Topographic surveys on an inland parabolic sand dune over a six‐year period provide insight into the effects of diminishing local sand supply on dune stabilization. During the interval (2003–2009) sparse vegetation cover (Psoralea lanceolata) increased despite drier than normal moisture conditions and steady wind power during the growing season. Whereas these climatic conditions are typically ascribed to sustaining or increasing dune activity, here they coincide with stabilization. Through the use of geographic information system (GIS) analysis of volumetric changes it is shown that the increase of P. lanceolata can be attributed to the reduction of local sand supply from two blowouts along the arms of the parabolic dune during the six‐year period. These results show that climate is not the only control on dune activity in vegetated inland dunefields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

活性MgO碳化固化土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性研究

既有研究表明,活性MgO固化土经CO2碳化几小时后其强度能达到甚至超过28 d的水泥固化土强度,碳化反应生成镁的碳酸化合物能有效降低固化土的含水率和孔隙率,提高土颗粒胶结能力。通过室内试验进一步研究碳化固化土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀特性。采用硫酸钠溶液、硫酸镁溶液浸泡碳化固化土,对浸泡不同龄期后的碳化固化土进行无侧限抗压强度试验和微观测试（XRD,SEM和MIP）,并与硫酸盐侵蚀后的水泥固化土进行试验对比。结果表明：活性MgO固化粉土碳化3 h,试样的无侧限抗压强度可达5 MPa左右,经硫酸盐溶液浸泡28 d后其强度基本保持不变,试样质量变化也不大;而水泥土试样的早期强度（7 d）则有一定增长,随龄期增长,强度大大降低,质量则明显增长。通过对硫酸盐侵蚀前后的碳化土的微观机制分析,发现活性MgO碳化固化土中的镁碳酸化合物的化学成分并未发生明显变化,孔隙结构也未明显改变,从而保证其强度稳定。因此,活性MgO固化粉土碳化后具有比水泥固化土更强的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力。     

Robust control based on feedback linearization for roll stabilizing of autonomous underwater vehicle under wave disturbances

In the case of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(AUV) navigating with low speed near water surface,a new method for design of roll motion controller is proposed in order to restrain wave disturbance effectively and improve roll stabilizing performance.Robust control is applied,which is based on uncertain nonlinear horizontal motion model of AUV and the principle of zero speed fin stabilizer.Feedback linearization approach is used to transform the complex nonlinear system into a comparatively simple linear system.For parameter uncertainty of motion model,the controller is designed with mixed-sensitivity method based on H-infinity robust control theory.Simulation results show better robustness improved by this control method for roll stabilizing of AUV navigating near water surface.