SEDIMENT RETENTION AND WATER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT IN DISTURBED WATERSHEDS

lPRoBLEMSTATEMENTANDOVERVIEWQualitywateriswithoutdoubtalimitingsubstance,notonlyforhumansbutforalllife.Yet,ashumanpopulation,activity,andpollutioncontinuetoincrease,naturalsourcesofreadilyuseablewateraredecliningatanalarmingfate.Humanscurrentlydiveftorregulatemorethanhalfofgloballyavailablefreshwaterrunofffortheirownpurposes(Posteletal.,l996),includingtheuseoflargedamsordiversionsonriversandthewidespreadcreationofotherartificialcatchments.Additionally,groundwatersourcesarebecomingin…     

Parameter-dependent vibration-attenuation controller design for electro-hydraulic actuated linear structural systems

The problem of robust active vibration control for a class of electro-hydraulic actuated structural systems with time-delay in the control input channel and parameter uncertainties appearing in all the mass,damping and stiffness matrices is investigated in this paper.First,by introducing a linear varying parameter,the nonlinear system is described as a linear parameter varying(LPV)model.Second,based on this LPV model,an LMI-based condition for the system to be asymptotically stabilized is deduced.By solving these LMIs,a parameter-dependent controller is established for the closedloop system to be stable with a prescribed level of disturbance attenuation.The condition is also extended to the uncertain case.Finally,some numerical simulations demonstrate the satisfying performance of the proposed controller.     

冻融循环下含磷材料固化锌铅污染土的强度及溶出特性研究

采用新型含磷材料（KMP）及水泥（PC）固化稳定化锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）重金属污染土,研究试验土经冻融循环后的毒性浸出（CLP）、无侧限抗压强度（UCT）、压汞试验（MIP）及化学形态分析（BCR）,探究固化污染土的力学特性及耐久特性。试验结果表明,经冻融循环后,未处理污染土Zn、Pb浸出值均超过中国土壤标准;采用KMP和PC固化后,Zn、Pb浸出浓度明显低于未处理污染土;KMP固化污染土比PC固化污染土重金属固化效果更为显著,并能达到中国土壤标准;与常规养护相比,冻融循环之后的固化土体强度明显减小;经过12级冻融循环的KMP固化复合Zn、Pb重金属污染污染土强度高于PC固化试样8.6倍。压汞试验表明,经12级冻融循环后固化污染土孔隙体积增大,化学形态分析结果表明,采用KMP、PC固化重金属污染土中可交换态Zn随着养护龄期的增长而减少,残渣态Zn增加。     

黄土高边坡土钉-预加固桩复合支护体系性状分析

土钉-预加固桩复合支护技术已在基坑及边坡工程中取得了大量应用,但在黄土高边坡开挖中的应用相对较少。基于详细的现场监测数据并辅以有限元数值计算,分析了边坡开挖过程中支护体系受力及变形随时间和空间的变化规律。结果表明：预加固桩的水平位移随着时间的推移与开挖深度的增加呈增大趋势,并最终趋于稳定,同时,桩身剪力及弯矩亦随开挖的进行而不断增大;剪力最大值的位置不断下移,说明边坡的潜在滑动面有不断向下扩展的趋势。与深基坑支护桩的土压力分布相比,土钉-预加固桩复合支护体系中桩后土压力随开挖呈不断减小的趋势,但桩前土压力随着开挖深度的增加,有增有减。随着施工开挖深度的增加,土钉所测得的应力有着明显的增大,说明土钉对抑制坡体变形起到了一定作用。在预加固桩的影响下,桩上方坡体的最危险破裂面为圆弧状,其剪出口位于预加固桩桩顶处。开挖深度较浅时,土钉对整体稳定性的贡献较大,而随着开挖深度的变大,预加固桩的加固效果开始占主导地位。     

云南省小湾水电站引水沟堆积体锚索施工技术与改进设计探讨

小湾水电站工程地质条件复杂、边坡防护施工难度大、施工任务及艰巨。文章主要通过引水沟堆积体2^#山梁抢险边坡工程的施工及施工中采用的特殊工艺，重点介绍偏心钻跟管钻进、双管接力钻进等施工工艺、方法以及为解决孔内多处不同深度的大裂缝跑风、漏浆的问题而采用的孔内摄像、封堵裂缝等措施。通过特殊的钻孔工艺与施工技术、经过全国几十家锚索专业施工队伍奋力的抢险，终于保住了国家大型水电站的安全。通过抢险施工，对设计尚存在的不尽完善之处提出改进意见。     

青海平（安）-阿（岱）高速公路高边坡整治工程

论文以平-阿高速公路K29＋024．5～K29＋210．5段高边坡病害整治工程为例，介绍其整治工程措施及施工技术。包括预应力锚索框架梁、预应力锚索地梁、护面墙等，并对制作锚索、搭设工作平台、锚索孔成孔、锚索安放入孔、注浆、锚索框架、锚索地梁、张拉锁定、封锚头、拱形护坡、护面墙及排水沟整治施工工艺进行了总结。结果表明，采用以预应力锚索框架梁、地梁为主的边坡整治措施，可使边坡潜在滑坡体的自重力在预应力锚索施工的外力作用下均匀分布在边坡上，从而使边坡处于稳定状态，这种边坡病害整治地形、地质条件适应力强．施工条件易得到满足，具有良好的技术经济效果。     

Relative performance of lime stabilized amended clay liners in different pore fluids

Successful design of soil liner and covers for landfills and waste impoundments involves selection of liner material and assessment of chemical compatibility of the liner material. In this work locally available materials with different mineralogy have been evaluated from the viewpoint of liner application. Many local soils may not meet the requirements of liner material; often it is necessary to amend these soils with commercially available processed bentonite. Clay liners may be attacked by chemical waste or leachate, concentrated organic chemicals can attack compacted clay effectively destroying the characteristics of liner material. Thus the main aim of this work has been to assess the suitability of different types of locally available materials for their potential use as liners for waste containment facilities. The materials studied are kaolinitic red earth, illite and fly ash. Based on literature survey and experimental work in this laboratory, 20% by weight of bentonite has been chosen for amending selected materials. Addition of 20% bentonite to selected liner material improved the hydraulic conductivity and adsorption capacity of the amended mixture but, reduced the volume stability. To improve the volume stability of the amended material and to have better resistance towards chemicals attack, stabilizing the amended mixture with 1% by weight of lime has been considered. The relative advantages and disadvantages of four materials namely; red earth with 20% bentonite, illite with 20% bentonite, fly ash with 20% bentonite and illite alone, stabilized with 1% by weight of lime were brought out. The chemical compatibility of the materials to electrolyte solution (0.5 N NaCl), alkaline solution (0.5 N NaOH), acid (0.5 N HCl) and organic fluid (CCl₄) has been studied. The relative efficiency of the selected materials with selected pore fluids was compared.     

Remediation of piled foundations against lateral spreading by passive site stabilization technique

Physical modeling tests were conducted on pile foundations to measure the seismic performance of a new ground improvement technology, called passive site stabilization, for use on sites susceptible to liquefaction and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The method involves the slow injection of a low-viscosity stabilizer in conjunction with the natural groundwater flow. The effectiveness of the treatment using dilute colloidal silica as the stabilizer was tested by two centrifuge models that simulated soil–pile interaction of a 2×2 end-bearing pile group embedded in a multilayer soil deposit of 10-m thickness. The models utilized a laminar box and involved gently inclined soil profiles with and without the applied soil improvement. Response of the pile groups and the lateral spreading behaviors of the treated and untreated soil under a simulated base shaking were investigated and compared. The results showed that treatment with dilute colloidal silica stabilizer minimized permanent lateral deformations and reduced the liquefaction potential of the soil. Significant reductions occurred in the measured pile bending moments and axial forces because the layer treated with dilute colloidal silica did not liquefy. Thus, the technique can be an alternative to traditional methods of ground improvement.     

东营港经济开发区吹填土现场固化试验

用新型固化剂对东营港经济开发区吹填土进行了现场固化试验。试验结果表明,吹填土掺入2％固化剂和6％水泥,可显著提高其无侧限抗压强度,固化厚度30-35cm时地基承载力达到120kPa且沉降符合规范要求。