带状态滞后及控制滞后的一阶线性系统预测镇定

研究状态变量及控制变量均带滞后的一阶线性系统的预测镇定问题。通过按无滞后系统设计控制规律,预测物理上不可实现的超前状态变量的方法,得到了预测镇定控制规律。该控制规律可保证闭环系统的无穷个极点都位于根平面上希望极点的左边。     

Biological soil crust development and its topsoil properties in the process of dune stabilization, Inner Mongolia, China

This study was undertaken at Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Field samples of biological soil crusts (BSCs) and underlying topsoil (0–5 cm under BSC) were taken in areas of different dune stabilization stages, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed, including particle size distribution, bulk density, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and CaCO₃ content. The results revealed that semi-mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes and fixed dunes had developed a physical crust, algae crust and moss crust, respectively. The thickness, hardness, water content, fine fraction and nutrient contents of BSCs were gradually increasing along the dune stabilization gradient. Meanwhile, BSC establishment and development enhanced the bulk density, silt and clay content, and nutrients of the topsoil under it, in an increasing tend from semi-mobile dune to fixed dune. Organic matter concentrations and other nutrients in the 0–5 cm topsoil layer under BSCs were significantly higher compared to unconsolidated soil (control). Moreover, there were strong significant positive correlations between topsoil and BSCs’ organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, CaCO₃, and <0.05 mm particle content, suggesting that BSCs have an influence on some of the properties of the underlying topsoil.     

滇池固化淤泥重塑土的重塑时机及强度恢复特性试验

采用无侧限抗压强度试验和直剪试验,从单轴抗压强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角的角度探求了淤泥固化土重塑时导致的强度折减和重塑后土的强度恢复特性,并分析了重塑前养护龄期（T_前）、重塑后养护龄期（T_后）、水泥掺灰比（a_c）的影响。试验结果表明,重塑时机的选择对淤泥固化土的强度折减程度有显著的影响：T_前越长,破碎过程带来的强度折减越严重,且大致满足a_c越大、强度折减越严重的规律。从强度恢复特性来看：小水泥掺灰比的固化淤泥土经过T_后,其强度恢复较好;大掺灰比的重塑土其强度则较难恢复至固化土的水平,T_前越长,强度恢复越不利。从而得出了大掺灰比固化土宜早重塑,小掺灰比的重塑时间可适当延长的规律。     

淋滤条件下GGBS-MgO固化铅污染黏土强度与溶出特性研究

以粒化高炉矿渣粉-氧化镁（GGBS-MgO）固化铅污染黏土为研究对象,通过半动态淋滤试验,对GGBS-MgO在酸雨作用下的强度特性及溶出特性进行研究。通过对GGBS-MgO固化铅污染黏土半动态淋滤后pH值、针刺深度、无侧限抗压强度及浸出液中[Pb]、[Ca]、[Mg]元素浓度的测试,分析淋滤液初始pH值、掺量以及含铅不含铅对GGBS-MgO固化土强度特性的影响,讨论了初始淋滤液pH值、固化剂掺量对GGBS-MgO固化铅污染土累积铅、钙、镁溶出质量以及铅有效扩散系数的影响规律。结果表明,半动态淋滤试验使试样无侧限抗压强度qu较标准养护39 d试样降低了2%～53%,且淋滤液初始pH=2对试样qu影响最大;在相同掺量、相同淋滤液初始pH值时,GGBS-MgO固化未污染土半动态淋滤后qu较水泥固化未污染土qu提高了12%～43%;且当固化剂掺量为18%时,固化铅污染土强度特性较水泥有明显优势,约为水泥固化铅污染土强度的1.3～1.8倍;且相同配比时,淋滤液初始pH=2表层的pH值约为pH=3、4、5、7的1/2;随着淋滤液初始pH值、半动态淋滤后qu及内部pH值的增加,针刺深度减小;针贯入阻力与qu存在幂指数关系。此外,累积铅、钙、镁溶出质量随着初始淋滤液pH值、固化剂掺量的增加而减少,在初始淋滤液pH=2时,Ai,Pb、Ai,Ca、Ai,Mg分别约为pH=3、4、5和7的29～222倍、1.7～4.4倍和12.0～80.3倍;固化剂掺量为12%时的累积溶出质量约是18%掺量时的1.1～2.0倍;铅有效扩散系数De随着初始淋滤液pH值的增加而降低,初始淋滤液pH=2时的De比pH=3～7的De高约3～5个数量级;且低于水泥固化铅污染土De,当初始淋滤液pH=7时,GGBS-MgO固化土De相比于水泥固化土低1～2个数量级。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化体强度稳定性研究

针对垃圾焚烧飞灰安全处置技术要求,采用水泥对其进行固化、稳定化处理,研究了不同水泥添加量、不同养护时间和渗沥液浸泡时间对固化体无侧限抗压强度及破坏特性的影响,并对垃圾渗沥液的侵蚀机制进行了分析。结果表明：当水泥添加量小于5%,养护时间小于3 d时,飞灰固化体在渗沥液浸泡下迅速解体,垃圾渗沥液的侵蚀对飞灰固化体的强度有较大的影响,浸泡后的固化体呈现出明显的应变软化特征,而未经浸泡的固化体的强度增长符合y=a[1-exp(-bt)]模式。随着水泥添加量及养护时间的增加,飞灰固化体无侧限抗压强度增加,破坏应变减小,而随着浸泡时间的增加,飞灰固化体的无侧限抗压强度先增大后减小,转折点大约在5～7 d,破坏应变近似呈线性增大。渗沥液对飞灰固化体的侵蚀主要是其成分抑制了固化体水化反应和破坏了水化产物。研究成果可为垃圾焚烧飞灰的安全处置技术提供理论依据和参数支持。     

A stabilized extended finite element framework for hydraulic fracturing simulations

We present a stabilized extended finite element formulation to simulate the hydraulic fracturing process in an elasto‐plastic medium. The fracture propagation process is governed by a cohesive fracture model, where a trilinear traction‐separation law is used to describe normal contact, cohesion and strength softening on the fracture face. Fluid flow inside the fracture channel is governed by the lubrication equation, and the flow rate is related to the fluid pressure gradient by the ‘cubic’ law. Fluid leak off happens only in the normal direction and is assumed to be governed by the Carter's leak‐off model. We propose a ‘local’ U‐P (displacement‐pressure) formulation to discretize the fluid‐solid coupled system, where volume shape functions are used to interpolate the fluid pressure field on the fracture face. The ‘local’ U‐P approach is compatible with the extended finite element framework, and a separate mesh is not required to describe the fluid flow. The coupled system of equations is solved iteratively by the standard Newton‐Raphson method. We identify instability issues associated with the fluid flow inside the fracture channel, and use the polynomial pressure projection method to reduce the pressure oscillations resulting from the instability. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective in modeling 3D hydraulic fracture propagation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一类基因调控网络的定性分析

运用巴拿赫压缩映像原理讨论了一类由微分方程描述的具有SUM逻辑的 基因调控网络平衡位置的存在唯一性,并结合基因调控网络的实际背景,分析 了基因调控网络平衡位置的Lyapunov稳 定性,获得若干充分条件     

强夯法加固地基的应用

厦门某公司纸箱车间由于场地内有较厚的素填土,且其承载力低,在对地基加固施工中通过对素填土进行强夯,提高了地基的承载力,满足了设计要求。     

Support vector regression to predict the performance of stabilized aggregate bases subject to wet–dry cycles

Durability is a notion that is integrated with the performance of stabilized pavement materials. Also, because it can be quantified and measured, it carries significant influence on the design of pavements. This study focuses on using support vector machine, a machine learning algorithm, in assessing the performance of stabilized aggregate bases subject to wet–dry cycles. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is a statistical learning algorithm that is applied to regression problems and is gaining popularity in pavement and geotechnical engineering. In our study, SVR was shown to be superior to the least‐squares (LS) method. Results of this study show that SVR significantly reduces the mean‐squared error (MSE) and improves the coefficient of determination (R²) compared to the widely used LS method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.