地铁车站液化上浮响应及抗浮措施研究

地铁车站的地震液化上浮是地下结构常见的灾害之一,对处于液化场地的地铁车站需增加抗液化及抗浮措施。通过数值分析的方法对比分析了抗拔桩和隔离墙2种抗浮措施的作用机理及作用效果,研究了车站的上浮位移、地表变形和周围土体超孔隙水压比等动力响应。结果表明:设置抗拔桩可提供抗拔力,隔离墙可有效阻挡液化土的流动,因此地铁车站的上浮位移明显减小;抗拔桩的长度进入非液化土层时抗浮效果最佳;隔离墙的抗浮效果随着与车站主体的距离增加而减弱。通过该项研究,可为液化场地中地铁车站的抗浮设计提供一定的理论参考。     

水源污染对姑咱海子泉气汞和气氡观测的干扰分析

2018年12月姑咱海子泉气汞和气氡出现准同步突升异常变化,通过对气汞和气氡仪器观测系统、脱气装置系统、观测环境影响因素等的调查,观测室环境汞污染检查,龙头沟与二道桥CO2和水质加密观测以及四川地区其它同类台站观测资料对比分析,初步认为该变化是由于观测水源被污染,污染的水源又致仪器脱气装置系统出现故障或气路不畅,此次异常变化是一次典型的干扰案例,并不是地震前兆异常。     

Perennial phenology patterns and ecological traits of Dixidae (Insecta,Diptera) in lotic habitats of a barrage lake system

Dixidae (Insecta, Diptera) are an interesting ecological component in freshwater ecosystems. They are merolimnic insects with larvae and pupae living in aquatic habitats while adults live in terrestrial habitats in close proximity to water. The goals of this study were to determine the phenology patterns of Dixidae and what influences them, to analyse their preference for microhabitats, and to determine the main ecological factors that have an influence on the composition of Dixidae. Adult Dixidae were collected monthly in the period from 2007 to 2008 at 10 sites, from 2009 to 2010 at four sites, and from 2011 to 2014 at three sites in the Plitvice Lakes National Park. Adult specimens were collected using pyramid-type emergence traps. A total of 1271 Dixidae were collected during eight years of study belonging to five species of the genus Dixa. Dixa submaculata was most abundant species at the spring and upper reach of Bijela rijeka Stream and the upper reach of Crna rijeka Stream. Dixa nebulosa was most numerous at the Kozjak-Milanovac tufa barrier site. Dixa puberula was the dominant species at the rest of the sites. Dixa puberula and Dixa submaculata were univoltine, bivoltine or trivoltine, depending on the site, while Dixa nebulosa was only univoltine. The highest diversity was recorded at the tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, and the highest number of species, four species, was found at the upper reach of the Crna rijeka Stream. The greatest number of specimens was recorded at the Labudovac tufa barrier, 128 specimens in 2014. Water temperature is the main ecological factor that influences the phenology of Dixidae at the tufa barriers and lower streams. Discharge affected the abundance of Dixidae. Dixa puberula prefers moss as a substrate and a faster water velocity.     

Overwash-dominated stratigraphy of barriers with intermittent inlets

The morphodynamics and structure of barriers with persistent tidal inlets have been well studied. In contrast the stratigraphy and functioning of barrier systems with ephemeral inlets is poorly understood. This article examines the barrier-inlet systems of two intermittently closed open lagoons or temporarily open closed estuaries on the east coast of South Africa. Multiple geophysical surveys using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were correlated with exposed sections of the barrier where inlet formation revealed the internal stratigraphy. Stratigraphic observations were placed in the context of the contemporary wave dynamics and mesoscale geomorphic evolution. The integrated databases reveal an absence of migrating channel features. Instead the stratigraphy is dominated by landward dipping sheets of alternating high- and low-amplitude reflectors. These correlate with gravel, shell debris and heavy mineral-lined beds formed by overwash processes. Where ephemeral inlet structures are preserved in the stratigraphy, their fills comprise aggrading, high-amplitude reflectors, linked to washover infilling of the inlet mouth. Multiple small channels in the more distal portions of the barrier in georadar stratigraphy are related to channelized washover flow. These barriers often breach during high swell and are subsequently sealed during fairweather wave conditions. Time series analysis of waves and satellite imagery shows a link between storms from the south and breach events. This is consistent with the truncations in subsurface images and inferred barrier lowering by overwash channelling. These barriers experience quasi-stable oscillations in their landward and seaward shore position, punctuated by periods of barrier rollover associated with the most intense storms. As overwash is responsible in part for both the constructive and destructive phases of the barrier, these barriers have low preservation potential. Persistent rollover driven by overwashing will terminate once accommodation space is eliminated and the barriers are eroded by storm activity. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

离子交换法处理含砷废水的小试/中试试验

利用选择性复合树脂处理含砷废水,使出水水质达到国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838 2002),同时从选择性复合树脂和阳离子柱上交换下来的离子可以生成H2O和中性盐类,无二次污染.研究采用201×7苯乙烯系强碱凝胶型树脂(Ⅰ)和D301大孔弱碱阴离子交换树脂(Ⅱ)作为比选树脂,通过小试试验选择具有较高交换容量的201×7苯乙烯系强碱凝胶型树脂用于放大规模的现场中试.实验所用选择性复合树脂制作成本及整个中试系统价格低廉,适合大规模工厂应用.     

Temperature variations evidenced by records on the latest spring snowing dates in Hangzhou of eastern China during 1131–1270AD

We collected and verified documentary records of the latest spring snowing dates(LSSD) in Hangzhou during Southern Song Dynasty. Furtherly, the statistical correlation between this proxy and February–April mean temperature in Hangzhou was examined, and samples later than the perennial mean of the LSSD during Southern Song Dynasty were transformed into the decadal mean of LSSD by means of Boltzmann function. General characteristics of this reconstructed LSSD series with a 10-year temporal resolution was analyzed, and it was also compared with other documentary evidences and reconstructed climate series in China for the period 1131–1270. The results and discussion suggested that:(1) Records of the LSSD in Hangzhou during Southern Song Dynasty did not refer to ice pellets and graupels, which had an explicit climate significance(–0.34℃/10 d, R2=0.37, p0.001). However, when this proxy is used to reconstruct temperature changes, all dates should be converted into proleptic Gregorian style and meet the same criterion of "true Qi" as the Chinese traditional calendar after 1929.(2) The decadal mean of LSSD can be effectively estimated by using the forefront of LSSD in the decade on the basis of Boltzmann function, whose extrapolation has a lesser uncertainty than those on the basis of linear models or polynomial models.(3) The spring climate in Hangzhou during 1131–1270 was almost as warm as the period 1951–1980. At the centennial scale, this period can be divided into two phases: the cold 1131–1170 and the warm 1171–1270. In the latter, 1181–1200 and 1221–1240 were two cold intervals at the multi-decadal scale.(4) The reconstructed LSSD series was consistent well with other documentary evidences and reconstructed climate series in China for 1131–1270, which may reflect the influence on the climate over most regions of China imposed by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).     

深海生态学研究进展和几点建议

深海及其底部生物圈的探测和研究,是当前海洋大科学研究的焦点,是未来的海洋科学,具有重要的战略意义。深海及其底深部生态学的研究,是其中的一项重要内容。本文简要回顾了深海生态学发展的三个里程碑以及中国在该学科的研究进展,提出了大力发展深海探测和钻探设备、技术,建设深海生态站和大洋钻探船;以生态系统为中心开展深海生态研究;将深海生态研究纳入国家和有关部门的研究计划、支持多学科交叉和融合的建议。     

Specific oceanographic characteristics and phytoplankton responses influencing the primary production around the Ulleung Basin area in spring

The East Sea(Sea of Japan)is a marginal,semi-closed sea in the northwestern Pacific.The Ulleung Basin area,which is located near the subpolar front of the East Sea,is known to have high primary production and good fisheries in spring season.After episodic wind-driven events during the spring of 2017,horizontal and vertical profiles of physical chemical biological factors were investigated at 29 stations located in the Ulleung Basin area.In addition,growth responses of phytoplankton communities to nutrient additions were evaluated by bioassay experiments to understand the fluctuation of phytoplankton biomass.Because of strong northwestern wind,phytoplankton biomass was scattered and upwelling phenomenon might be suppressed in this season.The phytoplankton abundances in the coastal stations were significantly higher than offshore and island stations.In contrast,the nutrient and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentrations and the phytoplankton biomass were quite low in all locations.Bacillariophyceae was dominated group(>75.1%for coastal,40.0%for offshore and 43.6%for island stations).In the algal bioassays,the phytoplankton production was stimulated by N availability.The in vivo Chl a values in the+N and+NP treatments were significantly higher than the values in the control and the+P treatments.Based on the field survey,the higher nutrients in coastal waters affected the growth of diatom assemblages,however,little prosperity of phytoplankton was observed in the offshore waters despite the injection of sufficient nutrients in bioassay experiments.The growth of phytoplankton depended on the initial cell density.All of results indicated that a dominant northwestern wind led to a limited nutrients condition at euphotic layers,and the low level of biomass supply from the coasts resulted in low primary production.Both supplying nutrients and introducing phytoplankton through the currents are critical to maintain the high productivity in the Ulleung Basin area of the East Sea.     

直压立式纱网沙障对近地表输沙量及风速的影响

评价直压立式纱网沙障对流动沙地的固沙效果是其应用的前提。采用阶梯式集沙仪和HOBO风速仪野外测定了纱网沙障的输沙量及风速变化。结果表明:与对照相比,设置纱网沙障后,0~10 cm或0~20 cm高度范围内,带宽2、3、4、5 m带状沙障输沙量分别降低91.4%或89.7%、97.0%或96.4%、98.1%或96.7%、85.9%或84.2%;而2 m×2 m、3 m×3 m、 4 m×4 m、5 m×5 m网格沙障输沙量分别降低92.1%或91.2%、70.4%或65.6%、65.3%或65.2%、39.9%或30.0%。与对照相比,10、30、50 cm高度,带宽2、3、4 m带状沙障平均降低风速分别为26.7%、17.3%、11.8%,2 m×2 m、3 m×3 m、4 m×4 m、5 m×5 m网格沙障平均降低风速分别为55.3%、30.4%、23.0%。综合考虑,设置带宽3~4 m带状或网格纱网沙障能够满足工程固沙减少风沙危害的需求。     

底水油藏开发中夹层的作用研究

从研究底水突出油井的机理出发，讨论了底水上窜绕过夹层的过程。根据Coats KH的底水流模型，计算了底水绕过夹层时的累计水侵量，详细讨论了夹层所在位置、大小和厚度对底水锥进的影响。研究表明，处于油水界面之上的夹层对底水锥进能有效抑制,提高了开采效果；夹层半径越大，对水侵量的减小越大，其有效作用时间越长；夹层的作用还同油层的非均质性和开采速度密切相关；有夹层的油藏，开采速度和打开程度可适当提高。