断层几何障碍与地震的发生和发展——以剑川-洱源伸展带为例

本文应用几何障碍的概念,对剑川-洱源伸展构造带的几何结构、1982年至1986年沿构造带的地震活动及其相互之间的关系进行了分析研究和数值模拟,结果表明:现代构造带的几何障碍是可能的潜在震源区;构造几何结构、障碍的规模、应变能积累三者之间有着一一对应的关系;障碍点之间存在相互作用,它们具有导致地震破裂发生和阻碍破裂发展的双重属性,从而控制着地震的孕育和迁移     

下关塘子铺温泉的水文地球化学特征

下关塘子铺温泉自1970年开展水氡观测以来,水氡的前兆异常特征较为明显,对应过多次强烈地震,也成功的预报过一些地震。通过18年的观测实践,证明下关塘子铺温泉是地震观测工作中的一个灵敏点。 为探讨其灵敏原因,近年来围绕温泉、沿西洱河断层普查了一批水点,其中有4个温泉、2个冷泉、地表水两处。测定了水氡、水温、常规水质及溶解气体。企图从水文地球化学特征入手,初步探讨温泉水氡的机理,并进而探讨水氡前兆灵敏性的原因。     

下扬子区早二叠世孤峰期泥化火山岩

下扬子区早二叠世弧峰组是以层状硅岩为主的海相层系，厚度为２０－８０ｍ。在硅岩层间产出火山岩，火山岩夹层的厚度小但层数众多，并几乎已全部泥化。但仍保留着残留的流动构造；长石、磷灰石、黑云母、角闪石等矿物或其晶屑以及各种形态的玻屑。在大量蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石等因泥化而形成的火山岩中特征性矿物。根据宏观及显微镜下特征、岩石化学成分的不同特征进行判断，火山岩包含有基性熔岩、酸性凝灰岩，还有大量含火山碎屑     

五台山佛地般若泉饮用天然矿泉水

般若泉位于五台山佛地台怀镇殊象寺旁，交通方便，环境优美，泉水流量大、水质好。经国家矿产储量管理局和山西省两级评审鉴定，属锶低钠重碳酸钙型饮用天然矿泉水，具有良好的开发利用前景。     

关于振动锤设计理论中几个问题的探讨

在工程地质勘察用的多功能钻机的振动锤的设计中,基本参数的确定是一个关键问题,本文通过对振动锤力学模型和振动方程的分析,探讨了在保证振动锤有一定寿命、有最佳工作效果、受外界因素影响最小的最佳工况时,基本参数(i、ε、λ、R)的组合规律。从振体处于一定位置时弹簧压缩量考虑,探讨了振动锤弹簧设计中,上、下弹簧刚度的分配问题。     

Properties of the 1979 Monte Negro (southwest Yugoslavia) seismic sequence

Focal properties of the Monte Negro earthquake (15 April 1979,M=7.1) and its seismic sequence (foreshocks and aftershocks), which occurred near the southwestern coast of Yugoslavia, are investigated. Fault plane solutions of the main shock and its largest aftershock (24 May 1979,M=6.3) and the spatial distribution of the shocks of this sequence show that the seismic fault strikes about southeast-northwest (parallel to the coast) and dips northeast (towards the continent). It is a strike-slip left-lateral fault with a considerable thrust component. Its length is 95 km and its width 12 km. An aseismic belt, which separated the aftershock foci into two groups (the northwestern and southeastern), is interpreted as a section of the fault that slipped smoothly during the main shock. The aftershock foci were barriers where stress had been induced. One of these barriers broke later and produced the largest aftershock of 24 May.     

大气的可预报性与大气模式的设计

本文首先提出了设计数值天气预报模式的基本原则——模式大气的可预报性和实际大气的可预报性相一致。然后依据此原则讨论了目前在设计各种数值预报模式时存在的问题。     

用典型相关分析作副高的统计动力预报模式可预报性研究

本文提出一个关于西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）的统计动力预报模式，利用它和典型相关分析方法对冬、春和夏季逐月副高预报的可行性进行研究。结果表明，模式的可预报性依赖于预报量场和因子场所提取的分量数，模式的差分形式及预报落后步长。对逐月和不同步长所作的可预报性分析发现步长为1个月有较高的可预报性，不同月份可预报性有所不同，一般夏季较冬季和春季要差。虽然如此，用该模式作夏季副高预报还是具有一定的可能性。在独立样本中所作的预报试验表明，月际预报符号相关系数一般均接近或超过0.60。     

川甘边陲热泉分布特征及形成机制

从川甘边陲热泉发育的特征，分析其形成机制，认为它们是放射性衰变热和居里面隆起热以及构造热的综合作用结果。     

Yellowstone＇s acid waters： A plethora of chemical and biological activity

Yellowstone National Park contains numerous thermal and non-thermal acid waters with pH=1.23-5.0. These acid-sulfate waters are produced from the microbial oxidation of elemental sulfur which is formed from abiotic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. Metal concentrations are usually very low in these waters so that H^＋ is often the major cation and greater in concentration than Al or Fe.Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cr are frequently at or below detection limits. Many of these waters closely approximate pure sulfuric acid solutions. Thermal acid waters have been sampled in Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Geyser Basin, Lemonade Creek, and Washburn Springs. Non-thermal acid waters frequently contain high arsenic concentrations. Acid-sulfate waters life： numerous Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Chemoautotrophs, have been sampled in Brimstone Basin. The thermal acid waters contain an abundance of microbial life from all three domains of phototrophs, and heterotrophs are also common in these waters. Several of these microbes are responsible for the rapid oxidation of iron and arsenic in thermal spring overflows and within large pools. Measured oxidation rates are faster by many orders of magnitude than the abioitic oxidation rates. Common archaea in acid waters include Sulfolobus and Thermoplasma. Common bacteria include Acidithiobacillus, Acidimicrobium, Hydrogenobaculum, and Thiomonas. Common eukarya are algae such as Cyanidium, Euglena, Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Ulothrix, and Zygogonium. Although aquatic life in acid-sulfate waters is dominated by microbes, insect larvae are also found.