春末黄东海域溶解氧分布与水团关系

以１９８７年５—６月中日台作黄东海域综合调查的溶解氧资料为主，探讨调查海区溶解氧分布特征与水团的对应关系。指出：近岸水团溶解氧合量高，远海低；上层水团高，下层低。在黄海冷水和东海北部底层冷水的上界出现明显的溶解氧垂直分布最大值及封闭形高氧区。水团边界区，氧跃层明显。溶解氧含量变化与水团温盐特性有关。通过分析发现，溶解氧对鉴别次表层以深各水团，特别对鉴别东海次表层水及黑潮次表层以深各水团，可作为一种有效的指标。     

The Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in the Coastal Temperate Ocean: Growth Criteria and Seeding from Shallow Embayments

A method based on time-series of conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) profiles which successfully determines favourable phytoplankton growth conditions for the spring bloom in nearshore temperate coastal waters was developed. The potential for shallow embayments to influence phytoplankton species composition in larger adjacent waters was also investigated. At temperate latitudes, such embayments should have favourable phytoplankton growth conditions earlier in the spring than open waters as bathymetry limits vertical mixing and thus increases light availability. The study area was Nanoose Bay, which is connected to the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Data were collected 2–3 times per week during the winter-spring of 1992 and 1993. A mooring with 5 current meters was placed at the mouth of the bay in 1992. The conservation equation for a scalar was used to estimate the balance between advective transport and biological source and sink terms. Variability in physical conditions and biological response between years was tremendous. Results indicate that seeding from the bay was not possible in 1992 but could have been in 1993. However, to conclusively determine the importance of Nanoose Bay on the spring bloom species composition in the Strait of Georgia, more extensive work is required. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山东莱州三山岛—刁龙嘴地区沙坝泻湖沉积和演化

大量钻孔岩芯，微古资料和Ｃ＾１４测年数据说明山东莱州三山岛－刁龙咀地区７．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．开始海侵。由于ＳＷ向泥沙流提供物源和莱州浅滩的消能作用，于５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来，先后形成莱州沙坝和泻湖系列。２ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来，许多泻湖先后被冲积物掩埋或被封闭成淡水湖。在刁龙咀西北的浅滩区目前正发育最新的沙咀。     

福建春季降水量场预测模型研究

利用1960—2000年福建春季(2—4月)降水量场资料，分析了经验正交函数(EOF)展开得出的特征向量，以反映降水的空间分布特征。研究了前三种分布型的时间系数与前期北半球500hPa、100hPa月高度距平场和北太平洋海温距平场之间的关系，针对不同的分布型分别找出了不同的前期预测信号，以此为预测因子，构建出福建春季降水量场短期气候预测模型。利用该模型对2001、2002年福建春季降水量场进行试预测，取得了较满意的结果。     

毛乌素沙地沙障环境下的沙丘迎风坡植被及土壤养分变化

沙障在固定流沙、促进植被恢复和改良土壤等生态建设方面起着重要作用。对毛乌素沙地设置沙柳（Salix psammophila）沙障6、8、10、11、12年的沙丘迎风坡（裸露沙丘地作为对照）开展了植被调查和土壤养分测试分析。结果显示：设障8年后的沙丘迎风坡0—30 cm深度内的土壤有机质、全氮含量显著（P<0.05）高于流动沙丘,且设障10—11年沙丘迎风坡植被盖度、0—80 cm深度内土壤有机质和全氮含量达到最大,但全磷和全钾含量无明显的变化,所有样地间和3个深度层间的全磷、全钾含量均无显著性差异;植被总盖度、0—80 cm深度内土壤有机质含量及全氮含量相互之间存在极显著线性正相关关系（P<0.01）,而且土壤pH值随有机质含量增加而线性降低。沙柳沙障固沙地的植被盖度、土壤有机质和全氮相互之间存在趋同性,且布设10年的沙障土壤改良和植被恢复成效达到最大,之后表现出下降趋势。据此建议活体沙柳沙障在维持其固沙功效的前提下以10年为限需进行平茬处理。     

赤水林区旱季雾水对地表径流的水量贡献

为探明赤水林区旱季地表径流补给来源组成以及雾水对该地区的水量贡献,于2014年12月对区域内水量大、易进入的3条瀑布径流进行了采样,样品包括雾水、泉水和溪水。通过对水样进行D、18O同位素分析,并与遵义的降水同位素数据对比,发现赤水林区旱季雾水的D、18O明显比降水富集;泉水和溪水具有相似的氢氧同位素组成,都落在11月与12月的降水同位素之间,且都分布于遵义地区降水线附近。赤水林区旱季地表径流主要受地下水补给,地下水是前期间断性的降水与持续不断的雾水的混合。雾水间接补给地表径流,是旱季地表径流重要的水量来源。在四洞沟、十丈洞和燕子岩这几个区域的平均补给量达到了24.1%(D同位素的计算结果),18O同位素的计算结果为20.0%。     

与岩浆热场有关的“成矿组合”及其对找矿的启示

与岩浆热场有关的成矿组合是一个新概念,是指在一个或大或小的区域内,在岩浆活动集中的时间段范围内,在岩浆热场的统一作用下所形成和影响的所有矿床,不论成因和矿种,均属于一个成矿组合。与岩浆热场有关的成矿作用主要包括下列几类： 岩浆热液矿床、岩浆热场叠加的沉积矿床、岩浆热场叠加的变质矿床、岩浆热场叠加的能源矿床（藏）以及热泉型矿床等。与岩浆热场有关的成矿组合把金属与非金属成矿作用联系起来,把无机与有机成矿联系起来,把热液与沉积成矿联系起来,把热液与变质成矿联系起来,把金属与能源（燃料）成矿联系起来。这种成矿组合的分布有两种趋势： 一是纵向上的由不同温度构成的成矿组合,如钨锡—铅锌组合、锡—铜组合等; 二是横向上的由相同温度不同矿种构成的成矿组合,如钨锡—石墨组合、金—铜—煤组合、铅—锌—煤组合、油—气—煤—铀组合等。成矿组合强调综合找矿的思路,在找矿时,除了注意主要矿产的找矿外,还应当注意其他矿产和矿种的找矿。在找金属矿床时,注意非金属矿床、沉积叠加改造矿床、变质叠加改造矿床以及能源矿床找矿的可能性。在研究高温金属矿床时,注意与高温成矿相伴的其他矿种成矿的可能性,注意低温金属矿床成矿的可能性,注意与低温成矿作用相伴的其他矿种成矿的可能性。开阔找矿的思路,就不能拘泥于本行本专业,而是围绕岩浆热场,将找所有可能出现的矿为己任。     

Hydromechanical Behaviour of Rock-Bentonite Interfaces Under Compression

Summary Interfaces between geomaterials may be critical for the long term confinement of the engineered barriers of nuclear waste disposals, particularly if there is water flow. Hydromechanical compression tests have been performed on rock-bentonite interfaces representing the contact between a host rock (toarcian argillite) and an engineered barrier within a nuclear waste repository. The results show that there is no major influence of the bentonite fraction or the nature of the additive as long as the additive is inert (sand or crushed rock): all the interfaces are closed for low values of normal stress (about 4 MPa). On the other hand, the hydromechanical behaviour of the interfaces changes when a high fraction of cement is used. Moreover, it has been shown that bentonite is very sensitive to hydraulic erosion, producing flow channels within the interface zone. A numerical study confirms the importance of erosion for the hydromechanical behaviour of the interface. Authors’ address: Olivier Buzzi, Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France     

济南岩溶泉水流量衰减原因分析及动态模拟

以济南岩溶泉水为例,采用统计学方法,结合统计学分析软件SPSS对岩溶含水系统的流量动态进行分析。根据济南市38年（1959—1996年）的观测资料,将泉水流量多年动态过程分为两个阶段（1959—1968年及1969—1996年）,分别对其进行偏相关分析。结果发现,前一阶段的影响因素主要为自然因素,而后一个阶段则受自然因素和人类活动共同影响。在此基础上,建立了各阶段的数学模型并对流量动态进行了模拟和预测。结果表明,模拟阶段（1959—1980年）的流量误差为2％,预测阶段（1981—1987年）的流量误差为3．4％,结果较好。     

Increase in thermal groundwater due to a flowing well near the Songshan hot spring in Beijing,China

The Songshan hot spring occurs in granite in Yanqing County in northwestern Beijing, China. TDS of the hot water ranges from 459 to 475 mg/L and pH varies between 8.6 and 9.13. The water is of Na–SO₄ type. Isotopic analyses indicate that the hot spring is meteoric in origin and receives recharge from precipitation in the northern and northwestern granite mountain with elevation of about 1,600–1,800 m. The depth of circulation of the thermal groundwater is estimated to be 2,240 m below the spring’s threshold and the temperature of the geothermal reservoir, 76°C. The residence time of the thermal groundwater is estimated to be about 52 years. A flowing well near the spring has chemical compositions and formation conditions similar to the spring. The discharge of the flowing well is approximately eighteen times larger than that of the spring and the residence time of the former (about 15.4 years) is about three times smaller than that of the latter. Although the well and spring are close to each other, the well’s larger flow rates, indicated residence time and high hydraulic head suggest that the well taps a separate, but genetically similar flow system.