中国黄渤海春秋季今生颗石藻

The living coccolithophores(LCs) are an important class of calcified taxa of phytoplankton functional groups,and major producers of marine biogenic inorganic carbon,playing an important role in the marine carbon cycle.In this study,we report the two-demensional abundance,composition of LCs and its correlation with the environmental parameters in spring and autumn,in order to understand the ecological role of LCs in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.In spring,totally 9 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification.The dominant species were Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,and Calcidiscus leptoporus.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–7.72cells/m L,and 0–216.09 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 0.21 cells/m L,and 11.36 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The Emiliania huxleyi distribution was similar to Gephyrocapsa oceanica.The highest abundance of coccoliths was observed in the east of Shandong Peninsula in northern Yellow Sea,whereas Helicosphaera carteri distributed more widely.Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica were the two predominant species in LCs with higher abundances.The distribution of LCs was similar to that of coccoliths.In autumn,14 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified with dominant species as Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,Calcidiscus leptoporus and Oolithotus fragilis.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–24.69 cells/m L,and 0–507.15 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 1.47 cells/m L,and55.89 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The highest abundance of coccoliths was located in Qingdao coastal waters and south of the survey area.The distribution of LCs was similar to the coccoliths; in addition,LCs presented large abundance in the east of the central Yellow Sea area.     

春季长江口外上升流的月际变化——以123°E断面为例

上升流是长江口外海域的重要水文现象,为深入了解该海域上升流的活动特征及其月际变化,于2015年春季(4月、5月和6月)对长江口外海域的水文环境进行逐月综合调查,并以123°E断面为例进行分析。结果显示,在春季调查期间,长江口外海域始终存在上升流现象,是由台湾暖流挟带底层高盐海水自南向北不断推进,并在长江口外海域沿海底斜坡涌升而形成。上升流强度在春季逐月增大,表现为:上升流涌升高度逐月变浅,至6月高盐上升流水体的涌升高度已普遍抬升到约15 m以浅水层,最高达到约10 m水深处;其影响范围不断向北扩展。春季,上升流活动区上层海水的温、盐特征逐渐由相对低温、高盐转变为高温、低盐;位于下层的上升流水体的温、盐特征比较稳定,变化幅度较小;上升流活动区的温、盐跃层现象总体呈现出逐月增强的趋势,盐度跃层现象尤为显著,其水平分布呈现出自南向北逐月扩大的变化趋势;跃层深度不断抬升。调查结果的月际变化特征表明,台湾暖流北进强度的逐月增大是导致春季长江口外上升流活动不断增强的主要因素;随着春季低盐长江冲淡水的强度和范围逐月增大,其与下层上升流挟带的高盐涌升水之间的跃层效应逐渐增强,对下层上升流的涌升有抑制作用;春季苏北沿岸流活动对该海域上升流现象的影响不显著。     

Intertidal spring dynamics and coastal nutrient loading revealed through geophysics,drone surveys,and in-situ monitoring

Coastal eutrophication poses an increasing risk to ecosystem health due to enhanced nutrient loading to the global coastline. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) represents a significant pathway for nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) transport to the coast, but diffusive SGD transport is difficult to monitor directly, given the low flux rates and expansive discharge areas. In contrast, focused SGD from intertidal springs can potentially be sampled and directly gauged, providing unique insight into SGD and associated contaminant transport. Basin Head is a coastal lagoon in Prince Edward Island, Canada that is a federally protected ecosystem. Nitrate-nitrogen is conveyed from agricultural fields in the contributing watershed to the eutrophic lagoon via intertidal groundwater springs and groundwater-dominated tributaries. We used several field methods to characterize groundwater discharge, nutrient loading, and in-channel mixing associated with intertidal springs. The tributaries and intertidal springs were gauged and sampled to estimate a representative summer nitrate load to the lagoon. Our analysis revealed that NO₃-N export to the lagoon through tributaries and springs throughout summer 2023 was on average 401 kg N/month, with the combined spring loading comparable in magnitude to the combined tributary loading. We collected thermal infrared and visual imagery using drone surveys and found spatial overlap between cold-water plumes from the spring discharge and macroalgae blooms, indicating the local thermal and ecosystem impacts of the focused SGD. We also mapped the electrical resistivity (salinity) distribution in the water column around one large spring with electromagnetic geophysics at different tidal stages to reveal the three-dimensional spring plume dynamics. Results showed that the fresher spring water floated above the saline lagoon water with the brackish plume oriented in the direction of the tidal current. Collectively, our multi-pronged field investigations help elucidate the hydrologic, thermal, and nutrient dynamics of intertidal springs and the cascading ecosystem impacts.     

Seasonal air temperature variations retrieved from a Geladaindong ice core, Tibetan Plateau

A 70-year history of precipitation δ18O record has been retrieved using an ice core drilled from a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33o34′37.8″ N, 91o10′35.3″ E, 5720 m a.s.l.) on Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River) during October and November, 2005. Based on the seasonality of δ18O records and the significant positive rela-tionships between monsoon/non-monsoon δ18O values and summer/spring air temperature from the nearby meteorological stations, the history of summer and spring air temperature have been reconstructed for the last 70 years. The results show that both summer and spring air temperature variations present similar trends during the last 70 years. Regression analysis indicates that the slope of the temperature-δ18O relationship is 1.3℃/‰ for non-monsoon δ18O values and spring air temperature, and 0.4℃/‰ for monsoon δ18O values and summer air temperature. Variation of air temperature recorded in the ice core is consistent with that in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), however, the warming trend in the Geladaindong region is more intense than that in the NH, reflecting a higher sensitivity to global warming in the high elevation regions. In addition, warming trend is greater in spring than in summer.     

冬春季江苏沿海大风的特征

利用江苏2005-2006年460个自动站和加密站的风速资料,分析了2005-2006年冬春季发生的大风过程,研究发现冬春季沿海大风多由强冷空气引发,并具有一定的间断性、持续性、突发性和阵性特点,并对典型过程的阵性特征进行了分析.发现冷空气的入侵促使地面风场发展,大风u、v分量的变化与旋转系数具有很好的相关性,旋转系数的逐时波动与v分量的波动基本呈同位相变化趋势,而其与u分量的波动则有反位相关系;在冷空气影响前后,这样的相关特征始终维持.     

Overview of In-Situ Biodegradation and Enhancement

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菏泽5．9级地震前后沂水泉氡信息量的变化

多年来的观测和分析表明,影响沂水泉氡值变化最大干扰是降雨。由于这种干扰存在着“记忆”滞后影响,所以用一般的相关分析难以将这种影响排除干净,本采用了褶积积分方法较好地排除了这种影响。分析了菏泽5．9级地震前后沂水泉氡信息量的变化特点,讨论了这种信息熵量的变化与区域应力场的调整变化的关系。     

六盘山区臭水泉群的水文地质特征与成因

在系统分析以往地质地质资料的基础上，借助ETM卫星图像，提取臭水泉群的分布信息，通过野外实地调查、访问、取样化验，初步查明六盘山地区的臭水泉主要分布于马东山复背斜的南北两端及东西两翼，以上升泉的形式出露于沟底，中、新生代高含盐量地层是臭水泉群中盐分的物质来源，北东向、北东东向、近南北向断裂和构造裂隙是臭水溢出的通道。臭水泉流出的高矿化度咸苦水及H2S气体，已造成的局部大气质量下降，地表水体和河谷潜水矿化度升高，土壤盐渍化，严重影响了当地人民的生活。     

非连续变形分析方法中人为参数的影响

非连续变形分析方法(DDA) 自创立以来,已在分析不连续体的大变形、大位移的问题中显示了其优越性。但DDA方法需要人为设置一些控制参数,通过一个简单的滑块模型,分别采用不同的时步大小、不同的接触弹簧刚度、并比较相对误差,分析了人为设定的参数对DDA计算结果的影响,指出仅在合理的取值范围内,大时步和大的接触弹簧刚度才能产生较好的计算结果;同时对造成这种影响的原因做了一定的探讨,并建议了参数取值的上下限原则。