2017年春季南疆中部两次强降水天气环流配置及干冷空气侵入特征对比

本文利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料对比分析2017年4月14日("4·14"过程)和2017年5月1—2日("5·1"过程)南疆中部巴州地区强降水过程,探讨春季强降水天气动力学异同。结果表明:春季强降水发生在副热带西风急流活跃,伊朗副热带高压向北伸展,地面冷锋活动,高低空为急流锋区配置背景中。水汽源地位于东经40°的阿拉伯海—里海附近,沿西方路径进入新疆,在有利风场条件下汇合至巴州地区,高低空急流耦合形成次级垂直环流,干冷空气多方向侵入增强春季降水强度。主要差异在于"4·14"过程是副热带西风急流异常北跳、影响系统西风带短波槽、冷空气西方路径,"5·1"过程则是极锋急流与副热带西风急流汇合、深厚长波槽系统、冷空气西北路径;"4·14"过程是典型急流锋区降水伴有对流性降水,强降水发生时形成两支次级环流圈,3股干冷空气从不同方向向中低层气旋性环流附近汇合激发了另一支低层中尺度次级垂直环流圈的建立;"5·1"过程是典型急流冷锋降水,高空干冷空气在垂直方向向下入侵触发和增强冷锋降水,形成了一支完整强大的次级垂直环流圈造成巴州大范围的系统性降水。     

Impact of SST Anomaly Events over the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension on the “Summer Prediction Barrier”

The "summer prediction barrier"(SPB) of SST anomalies(SSTA) over the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension(KOE) refers to the phenomenon that prediction errors of KOE-SSTA tend to increase rapidly during boreal summer, resulting in large prediction uncertainties. The fast error growth associated with the SPB occurs in the mature-to-decaying transition phase,which is usually during the August–September–October(ASO) season, of the KOE-SSTA events to be predicted. Thus, the role of KOE-SSTA evolutionary characteristics in the transition phase in inducing the SPB is explored by performing perfect model predictability experiments in a coupled model, indicating that the SSTA events with larger mature-to-decaying transition rates(Category-1) favor a greater possibility of yielding a more significant SPB than those events with smaller transition rates(Category-2). The KOE-SSTA events in Category-1 tend to have more significant anomalous Ekman pumping in their transition phase, resulting in larger prediction errors of vertical oceanic temperature advection associated with the SSTA events. Consequently, Category-1 events possess faster error growth and larger prediction errors. In addition, the anomalous Ekman upwelling(downwelling) in the ASO season also causes SSTA cooling(warming), accelerating the transition rates of warm(cold) KOE-SSTA events. Therefore, the SSTA transition rate and error growth rate are both related with the anomalous Ekman pumping of the SSTA events to be predicted in their transition phase. This may explain why the SSTA events transferring more rapidly from the mature to decaying phase tend to have a greater possibility of yielding a more significant SPB.     

基于精细资料的宁夏春季干旱特征分析

本文利用多种地面精细观测资料,统计分析得到近55a宁夏春季干旱的精细化空间分布和多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明:在采用了更为精细的观测资料后,宁夏春季干旱的分布显得更为不均,呈中部多发南北少发的分布特征而干旱平均强度却呈中部弱南北强的分布特征;最大春季干旱强度分布呈明显的多极性分布。在宁夏5地市中,吴忠市、银川市、中卫市3市较易发生干旱。宁夏春季干旱发生次数基本呈逐年增加的趋势,但平均强度呈逐年减弱的趋势;年代际发生次数的增加趋势更加明显;在20世纪80年代前后存在1次突变。春季干旱强度具有较为稳定的气候态,3、5月易出现大范围轻旱以上的干旱过程;3月上旬、5月上旬、5月下旬较易出现重旱级别的干旱过程。500hPa大陆高压脊与大气环流的变化是造成西北地区春季干旱强弱分布的主要原因之一。     

Diversity on the Interannual Variations of Spring Monthly Precipitation in Southern China and the Associated Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

There is a continuous and relatively stable rainy period every spring in southern China (SC). This spring precipitation process is a unique weather and climate phenomenon in East Asia. Previously, the variation characteristics and associated mechanisms of this precipitation process have been mostly discussed from the perspective of seasonal mean. Based on the observed and reanalysis datasets from 1982 to 2021, this study investigates the diversity of the interannual variations of monthly precipitation in spring in SC, and focuses on the potential influence of the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The results show that the interannual variations of monthly precipitation in spring in SC have significant differences, and the correlations between each two months are very weak. All the interannual variations of precipitation in three months are related to a similar western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC), and the southwesterlies at the western flank of WNPAC bring abundant water vapor for the precipitation in SC. However, the WNPAC is influenced by tropical SST anomalies in different regions each month. The interannual variation of precipitation in March in SC is mainly influenced by the signal of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, and the associated SST anomalies in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific regulate the WNPAC through the Pacific-East Asia (PEA) tele-connection. In contrast, the WNPAC associated with the interannual variation of precipitation in April can be affected by the SST anomalies in the northwestern equatorial Pacific through a thermally induced Rossby wave response. The interannual variation of precipitation in May is regulated by the SST anomalies around the western Maritime Continent, which stimulates the development of low-level anomalous anticyclones over the South China Sea and east of the Philippine Sea by driving anomalous meridional vertical circulation.     

四川盐边红格温泉成因研究

针对红格温泉所处的地层、地质构造、水文地质条件,结合该区域地热背景分析了红格温泉的成矿条件,研究区内深度已达上地幔的昔格达深大断裂深部热源,区内发育的断裂构造及其断裂破碎带,厚约200m的昔格达组砂、泥、页岩互层的良好隔热盖层,区内丰富的大气降水、地表水与岩溶水资源,区内地热水产出的最低侵蚀基准面（沿崖羊河谷发育的清门口断裂带）,为红格温泉的形成提供了良好的物资基础。     

Three-dimensional analysis of the screening effectiveness of hollow pile barriers for foundation-induced vertical vibration

The study applies the three-dimensional boundary element method in frequency domain to investigate the screening effectiveness of circular piles in a row for a massless square foundation subject to harmonic vertical loading. Four types of piles were studied: steel pipe piles, concrete hollow piles, concrete solid piles and timber piles. A parametric study was undertaken to examine the effects of pile dimensions, operational frequency, and source distance on the screening effectiveness. The results showed that screening effectiveness of steel pipe piles is generally better than that of solid piles, and that a concrete hollow pile barrier can be ineffective due to its stiffness. The influence of pile length on screening effectiveness is more significant than that of pile spacing and the distance between the vibrating foundation and the pile barrier.     

2017年春季我国主要气候特征及其成因分析

2017年春季,全国平均降水量139.1 mm,接近常年同期。从空间分布看,我国降水总体呈“西多东少”的分布型。全国平均气温11.1℃,较常年同期偏高0.7℃,全国大部地区气温接近常年同期或偏高。太平洋年代际涛动处在正位相,春季赤道中东太平洋海温正常略偏暖是造成中国春季气温偏暖的重要气候背景。同时,500 hPa高度和距平场上,亚洲北部（30°N以北）整体呈纬向型环流,东亚大槽位置偏东,全国大部主要受高度场正距平控制,从而有利于春季气温整体以偏暖为主。另外,1月赤道中东太平洋为弱的冷海温,其两侧的副热带地区和西太平洋均为暖水控制的异常分布,有利于出现春季华南和东北降水偏少,西南降水偏多的第二模态分布型。东北大部、华南和江南等地受北风距平控制,水汽以距平辐散为主,降水偏少;西南地区为来自孟加拉湾的暖湿气流与高原外围偏北气流交汇区,水汽异常辐合造成该地区降水偏多。     

基于EEMD方法的河南省倒春寒时空分布分析

根据1961-2014年河南省100个站3-4月的逐日气温资料,以及河南省倒春寒标准,建立倒春寒发生次数的时间序列,采用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、Mann-Kendall等方法研究了河南省倒春寒时空分布特征。结果表明,河南倒春寒发生次数基本上呈现出自西南向东北逐渐增多的空间格局,2~3级倒春寒发生次数呈现出北少南多的空间格局。河南整个中部地区发生倒春寒的总次数较多,并且也会发生较为严重的倒春寒。通过EEMD分析,IMF1模态和趋势项基本反映了倒春寒的演变规律。河南倒春寒的年发生次数有一个明显的准5 a周期振荡,且发生次数呈明显的减少趋势。2000年和2005年为突变点,在春季增暖的气候背景下倒春寒年发生次数开始减少。     

基于杭州偏晚终雪记录的南宋（1131-1270年）气候再推断

本文整理、考订了南宋时期杭州偏晚终雪记录,诊断了此类资料的气候指示意义,进行了各年代不同数量终雪日期值至对应年代平均终雪日期值的转换,进而分析了重建序列所指示的温度变化特征与其他文献证据、气候变化重建结果之间的一致性。结果表明：① 史料记述的杭州偏晚终雪现象系以惊蛰以后为标准,且不包括霰和冰粒类微量降雪类型,其有着明确的气候指示意义（-0.34 oC/10d,R² = 0.37,P<0.001）,可有效用于温度重建。② 基于非线性的波尔兹曼函数,以不同样本量偏晚终雪日期值可有效估算10年平均终雪日期,其外推结果较之线性函数和二项式函数具有更小的不确定性。③ 南宋时期杭州春季的平均温暖程度大致相当于1951-1980年,该时期在百年尺度上可划分为1131-1170年的寒冷期和1171-1270年的温暖期。其中,后一阶段有1181-1200年和1221-1240年两个亚冷期。④ 南宋时期杭州10年平均终雪日期的变化与中国其他地区温度变化的代用证据和重建结果具有较好的一致性,并与太平洋十年涛动的冷暖位相变化比较吻合,这可能说明了中世纪暖期太平洋十年涛动对中国大部分地区气候所具有的共同影响。本文为更深入认识12-13世纪中国东部季风区的气候变化特征提供了新的证据。     

Research on the temperature field of a partially freezing sand barrier with groundwater seepage

To study the distribution characteristics and variation regularity of the temperature field during the process of seepage freezing,a simulated-freezing test with seepage of Xuzhou sand was completed by using a model test developed in-house equipment.By means of three group freezing tests with different seepage velocities,we discovered the phenomenon of the asymmetry of the temperature field under the influence of seepage.The temperature upstream was obviously higher than that downstream.The temperature gradient upstream was also steeper than that downstream.With a higher seepage velocity,the asymmetry of the temperature field is more pronounced.The asymmetry for the interface temperature profile is more strongly manifest than for the main surface temperature profile.The cryogenic barrier section is somewhat"heartshaped".With the increasing velocity of the seepage flow,the cooling rate of the soil decreases.It takes much time to reach the equilibrium state of the soil mass.In our study,seepage flow velocities of 0 m/d,7.5 m/d,and 15 m/d showed the soilcooling rate of 4.35°C/h,4.96°C/h,and 1.72°C/h,respectively.