广阔范围内GPS网坐标系统转换模型的建立及精度分析

全球定位系统(GPS)技术己经在许多领域得到广泛的应用,由于GPS定位得到的观测成果通常是世界大地坐标系统WGS-84中的坐标或坐标差,但在实际应用中上需要的往往是地面点在国家坐标系或地方独立坐标系中的坐标.确立坐标系统转换模型并分析此模型的精度,根据至少3个公共点的两套大地坐标利用最小二乘法原理求出转换参数.本文以W...     

假3°带坐标系及关于大城市坐标系的建议

现时许多地方和工程坐标系在坐标数值和方位上与国家标准3°带里的偏差很大,使得其地形图无法与国家标准3°带的对接,并导致工程实践中许多的麻烦和不便;许多地方坐标系有效带宽太小。本文通过一个简单的公式,一次完成控制网的换带、旋转、放大、平移,获得控制网的"假3°带坐标系"坐标。假3°带坐标系具有诸多优点:坐标数值和方位与国家标准3°带的偏差极小,地形图可与国家的对接;有效带宽极大;便于CORS系统流动站使用;做法简单,适用广泛,可用于全国绝大部分地方坐标系。文章还对大城市坐标系的建立提出了有益建议。     

节点刚度对单层柱面网壳地震响应及内力的影响分析

论文首先采用壳单元Shell163建立了单层柱面网壳模型,同时利用壳单元模拟了焊接空心球节点,并通过计算验证了模拟方法的合理性。然后,通过调节空心球节点的厚度,考察了节点刚度变化对单层柱面网壳地震响应的影响,分析结果表明,在强震作用下节点刚度变化对网壳节点响应与杆件内力的影响均较大,建议在进行此类结构的动力分析时考虑节点刚度的影响。     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced currents combined with parabolic mild-slope equation in curvilinear coordinates

Researches on breaking-induced currents by waves are summarized firstly in this paper. Then, a combined numerical model in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is presented to simulate wave-induced current in areas with curved boundary or irregular coastline. The proposed wave-induced current model includes a nearshore current module established through orthogonal curvilinear transformation form of shallow water equations and a wave module based on the curvilinear parabolic approximation wave equation. The wave module actually serves as the driving force to provide the current module with required radiation stresses. The Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme and the alternating directions implicit method are used to solve the wave and current module, respectively. The established surf zone currents model is validated by two numerical experiments about longshore currents and rip currents in basins with rip channel and breakwater. The numerical results are compared with the measured data and published numerical results.     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of vorticity,strain and area change in general non-isochoric 2D deformation

A scale free representation of a general non-isochoric 2D deformation is presented which is amenable to mathematical analysis. By describing deformation in 2D in terms of polar coordinates the stretching and rotational histories of linear elements separate and are easily analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. An analysis of finite strain combined with dynamical considerations allows the derivation of equations which may be used to estimate finite strain, area change and kinematic vorticity number. Numerical investigation of method developed here was carried out and it was found to perform well unless large area changes occur in combination with large components of simple shear. A re-analysis of natural data indicates the method is consistent.     

太阳风在地球激波前兆区减速的统计研究

本文首次利用完全相同两颗卫星（CLUSTER C1和C3）的数据对地球激波前兆区太阳风的减速和偏转特性进行了统计研究.结果表明,在激波前兆坐标系中,太阳风减小的速度随观测点到激波的距离D_BS增大而减小,随行星际磁场与激波法向夹角θ_BN增大也减小,在ULF波动区深度D_WS小于6R_e(R_e为地球半径)的范围内最为显著;伴随着太阳风减速的另外一个现象——太阳风的偏转,也存在相似的规律.其最大减速和最大偏转角度分别为10 km/s和3°.太阳风减速和偏转,以及随之变化的太阳风动压,可能会引起地球磁层顶位置和形状发生改变,同时也为激波前兆区弥散（diffuse）离子的起源及加热提供了一种可能的机制.     

Water and nutrient fluxes off Northwest Africa

A historical data set is used to describe the coastal transition zone off Northwest Africa during spring 1973 and fall 1975, from 17° to 26°N, with special emphasis on the interaction between subtropical (North Atlantic Central Waters) and tropical (South Atlantic Central Waters) gyres. The near-surface geostrophic circulation, relative to 300 m, is quite complex. Major features are a large cyclonic pattern north of Cape Blanc (21°N) and offshore flow at the Cape Verde front. The large cyclone occurs in the region of most intense winds, and resembles a large meander of the baroclinic southward upwelling jet. The Cape Verde frontal system displays substantial interleaving that may partly originate as mesoscale features at the coastal upwelling front. Property–property diagrams show that the front is an effective barrier to all properties except temperature. The analysis of the Turner angle suggests that the frontal system is characterized by large heat horizontal diffusion as a result of intense double diffusion, which results in the smoothing of the temperature horizontal gradients. Nine cross-shore sections are used to calculate along-shore geostrophic water-mass and nutrient transports and to infer exchanges between the coastal transition zone and the deep ocean (import: deep ocean to transition zone; export: transition zone to deep ocean). These exchanges compare well with mean wind-induced transports and actual geostrophic cross-shore transport estimates. The region is divided into three areas: southern (18–21°N), central (21–23.5°N), and northern (23.5–26°N). In the northern area geostrophic import is roughly compensated with wind-induced export during both seasons. In the central area geostrophic import is greater than wind-induced export during spring, resulting in net import of both water (0.8 Sv) and nitrate (14 kmol s⁻¹), but during fall both factors again roughly cancel. In the southern area geostrophy and wind join to export water and nutrients during both seasons, they increase from 0.6 Sv and 3 kmol s⁻¹ during fall to 2.9 Sv and 53 kmol s⁻¹ during spring.     

改进的等参逆变换算法在耦合场分析中的应用

实际工程有限元计算中涉及多个物理场的相关分析或耦合分析时场变量之间的数据传递问题非常重要,往往会遇到等参逆变换的需求。分析并指出现有等参逆变换所存在问题,给出了新的改进算法,即在网格内采用新方法进行等参逆变换,在网格外采用距离加权法进行插值传递,并详细说明本算法实施关键。对一大型拱坝施工过程中的温度场和应力应变场耦合分析问题进行研究,结果表明所提出方法具有简便实用、高效和满足工程精度等特点,可应用于实际工程。     

长春台体应变仪器观测到的地球基频球型振荡

本文分析了2004年12月26日苏门答腊M9．0级大地震后5天的长春台体应变观测资料,利用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,较准确地获得了大地震激发的基频球型振荡,并与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论自由振荡频率进行了对比,发现实测振荡频率与PREM预测的振荡频率基本符合。     

基于球孔扩张理论和侧阻力退化效应的压桩力计算模拟

根据静压桩的贯入机制,将沉桩过程模拟为半无限土体中一系列球形孔的连续扩张,土体假定为Mohr-Coulomb材料。利用球孔扩张和源-源假设理论,并采用Boussinesq解进行地面应力的修正,在此基础上分别计算出桩侧极限摩阻力和桩端阻力。通过现场试验研究发现,沉桩过程中侧摩阻力退化效应带来的影响是明显的,提出了相应的侧阻力退化公式。在充分考虑以上因素的基础上推导出了静压桩压桩力的模拟计算公式。使用Matlab6.5软件进行理论计算,并与山西太原某试验进行对比分析,一定深度以下理论值与实测数据基本吻合,证明该计算模拟是可行的。