非洲钾盐矿床地质特征及资源潜力

全球钾盐资源分布不均,储量及产量均过于集中。中国钾资源十分紧缺,寻找新的钾盐资源供应地是重要的任务。非洲地区钾盐资源较丰富,主要分布在刚果（布）、埃塞俄比亚、厄立特里亚、埃及、摩洛哥等国家,成钾时代主要为白垩纪、新近纪及第四纪。非洲钾盐成矿地质条件优越,干旱炎热环境加速海水蒸发、伸展构造背景下形成大量断陷凹地及多期次的海侵事件,为非洲地区钾盐的最终形成提供了良好的条件。通过对非洲典型钾盐矿床（点）地质特征、矿床类型、成矿潜力等进行分析,综合认为西非加蓬-刚果盆地北侧次级盆地、东非达纳基尔盆地中心区及西北非干盐湖区为有利的找钾区。     

辽河流域生态系统时空格局及服务价值变化研究

以辽宁省境内辽河流域为研究对象,将流域生态系统划分为7类,从全流域、15个子流域、河岸带3个尺度分析了生态系统结构的空间和时间变化,结合生态系统服务价值评估方法,评价了三个尺度下生态系统服务价值及变化。结果表明：全流域生态系统以农田和森林生态系统为主,子流域生态系统结构及时空变化存在较大差异,河岸带生态系统结构与全流域结构差异显著,与全流域生态系统结构相比,河岸带森林生态系统所占成分显著降低,水体与湿地生态系统显著增加。全流域生态系统服务总价值逐渐降低,森林生态系统服务价值最高;子流域内森林生态系统服务价值对子流域服务价值最大;河岸带内水体与湿地生态系统服务价值最大。     

基于精细资料的宁夏春季干旱特征分析

本文利用多种地面精细观测资料,统计分析得到近55a宁夏春季干旱的精细化空间分布和多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明:在采用了更为精细的观测资料后,宁夏春季干旱的分布显得更为不均,呈中部多发南北少发的分布特征而干旱平均强度却呈中部弱南北强的分布特征;最大春季干旱强度分布呈明显的多极性分布。在宁夏5地市中,吴忠市、银川市、中卫市3市较易发生干旱。宁夏春季干旱发生次数基本呈逐年增加的趋势,但平均强度呈逐年减弱的趋势;年代际发生次数的增加趋势更加明显;在20世纪80年代前后存在1次突变。春季干旱强度具有较为稳定的气候态,3、5月易出现大范围轻旱以上的干旱过程;3月上旬、5月上旬、5月下旬较易出现重旱级别的干旱过程。500hPa大陆高压脊与大气环流的变化是造成西北地区春季干旱强弱分布的主要原因之一。     

近44年四川太阳辐射时空变化特征

利用四川144个气象站1971~2014年的逐月日照时数数据和四川6个辐射站的逐月太阳总辐射数据,以气候学模拟的方法,计算了四川144个气象站的逐月太阳总辐射值。基于44年四川太阳辐射的平均分布和EOF分析的第一模态,将四川分成3个区域,并研究了四川太阳辐射的时空变化。结果表明:(1)四川年太阳总辐射从东南往西北随海拔升高呈阶梯式增加,结合年太阳总辐射EOF第一模态可把四川分为3个区域,分别是川西高原、攀西地区和四川盆地;(2)川西高原年总辐射随时间呈先下降后趋于平稳的变化,攀西地区年总辐射随时间的变化是先下降后上升,四川盆地总辐射变化不大,有缓慢下降趋势;(3)20世纪70年代四川大部分地区太阳总辐射是正距平,80年代除川西高原和雅安地区外基本是负距平,90年代是负距平,2001~2014年除攀西地区外基本是负距平。     

融合高时空分辨率数据估算植被净初级生产力

植被净初级生产力NPP(Net Primary Production)遥感估算与分析,有赖于高时空分辨率的遥感数据,但目前中高分辨率的遥感数据受卫星回访周期及天气的影响,在中国南方地区难以获取连续时间序列的数据,从而影响了高精度的区域植被净初级生产力的遥感估算。为此,提出一种基于多源遥感数据时空融合技术与CASA模型估算高时空分辨率NPP的方法。首先,利用多源遥感数据,即Landsat8 OLI数据与MODIS13Q1数据,采用遥感数据时空融合方法,获得了时间序列的Landsat8 OLI融合数据;然后,基于Landsat8 OLI时空融合数据,并采用CASA模型,以长株潭城市群核心区为例,进行区域植被NPP的遥感估算。研究结果表明,基于时间序列Landsat融合数据估算的30m分辨率的NPP具有良好的空间细节信息,且估算值与实测值的相关系数达0.825,与实测NPP数据保持了较好的一致性。     

Variation in sea temperature and the East Australian Current in the Solitary Islands region between 2001-2008

Improved understanding of the East Australian Current (EAC) and sea-temperature patterns within the Solitary Islands region of northern New South Wales, an area where tropical and temperate faunas overlap, is an essential step in explaining cross-shelf gradients in biotic patterns. Sea temperature at ∼10 m was logged using thermistors at seven stations every 30 minutes between January 2001 and December 2008. Stations were replicated in three distance-from-shore categories (<1.5; 1.5 to 6; and >6 km from the coast), corresponding with predominant assemblage patterns of reef fish. Daily, monthly, seasonal and yearly sea-temperature patterns were compared between and within stations and distance-from-shore categories. SST images were examined to determine the role of the EAC in producing short-period (2 to 4 days) temperature anomalies. Sea temperatures ranged between 16.6-27.5 °C and were highest offshore and lowest inshore. Offshore sites experienced average temperatures ∼1 °C higher than nearshore sites over the 8-year study. There was considerable variation in sea temperature between years, with 2002 and 2006 being the warmest and 2007 the coolest. These patterns correspond with strong inter-annual variability of the EAC at the scale of the Solitary Islands region. The EAC influenced shelf waters most strongly during late spring/summer when temperatures were also most variable over the smallest temporal scales (hours, days). Short-period anomalies between and within stations could largely be explained by variable encroachment of the EAC across the shelf and/or colder intrusions of water forming adjacent to the coastline. Previous assumptions that the EAC strongly influences gradients in the distribution of tropical species in this nearshore region are strongly supported.     

青藏高原及邻区层控型铅锌矿时空分布特征

青藏高原古生代—中生代复杂的多岛弧盆系演化和新生代高原急剧隆升的构造格局造就了层控型铅锌矿特定的时空分布和成矿作用的分带性。在不同类型的构造单元内具有特征的成矿专属性和矿床类型。青藏高原及周缘层控型铅锌矿有多时代成矿的特点,寒武系和泥盆系是主要赋矿层位。古生代—中生代铅锌矿含矿层岩相古地理具有多样性,以台地相作为控矿优势相,尤其以白云岩作为容矿岩石的矿床居多。另外新生代地层作为主要容矿层之一,发育有大型甚至特大型的层控铅锌矿体,为低温热卤水运移充填矿床。推测青藏高原在新生代快速隆升是该类矿床富集成矿的重要控矿因素。随着研究的深入和勘查的进展,这种新生代矿床将在该区显示出巨大的找矿潜力。     

Aircraft Measurements of the Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection

The presence of embedded convection in stratiform clouds strongly affects ice microphysical properties and precipitation formation. In situ aircraft measurements, including upward and downward spirals and horizontal penetrations, were performed within both embedded convective cells and stratiform regions of a mixedphase stratiform cloud system on 22 May 2017. Supercooled liquid water measurements, particle size distributions, and particle habits in different cloud regions were discussed with the intent of characterizing the riming process and determining how particle size distributions vary from convective to stratiform regions. Significant amounts of supercooled liquid water, with maxima up to 0.6 g m~(-3), were observed between -3℃ and-6℃ in the embedded convective cells while the peak liquid water content was generally less than 0.1 g m~(-3) in the stratiform regions.There are two distinct differences in particle size distributions between convective and stratiform regions.One difference is the significant shift toward larger particles from upper -15℃ to lower -10℃ in the convective region, with the maximum particle dimensions increasing from less than 6000 μm to over 1 cm. The particles larger than 1 cm at -10℃ are composed of dendrites and their aggregates. The other difference is the large concentrations of small particles(25–205 μm) at temperatures between -3℃ and-5℃ in the convective region, where rimed ice particles and needles coexist. Needle regions are observed from three of the five spirals, but only the cloud conditions within the convective region fit into the Hallett-Mossop criteria.     

Stable isotopes in precipitation in Xilin River Basin, northern China and their implications

Under the increasing pressure of water shortage and steppe degradation,information on the hydrological cycle in steppe region in Inner Mongolia,China is urgently needed.An intensive investigation of the temporal variations ofδD andδ1 8O in precipitation was conducted in 2007-2008 in the Xilin River Basin,Inner Mongolia in the northern China.TheδD andδ1 8O values for 54 precipitation samples range from+1.1‰to-34.7‰and-3.0‰to -269‰,respectively.This wide range indicates that stable isotopes in precipitation are primarily controlled by different condensation mechanisms as a function of air temperature and varying sources of vapor.The relationship between δD andδ1 8 O defined a well constrained line given by δD =7.89 δ18O+9.5,which is nearly identical to the Meteoric Water Line in the northern China.The temperature effect is clearly displayed in this area.The results of backward tra- jectory of each precipitation day show that the vapor of the precipitation in cold season(October to March)mainly originates from the west while the moisture source is more complicated in warm season(April to September).A light precipitation amount effect existes at the precipitation event scale in this area.The vapor source of precipitation with higher d-excesses are mainly from the west wind or neighboring inland area and precipitation with lower d-excesses from a monsoon source from the southeastern China.     

四川省大雾时空分布特征研究

采用1986~2007年四川省157个站22年大雾资料,初步统计分析了四川省大雾时空分布特征。结果表明:年平均雾日数最多的主要在四川盆地;雾日有明显的季节和月际变化,春、夏季年均雾日数较少,分布范围较小,秋、冬季年均雾日数较多,分布较广;雾大多开始于晚上20时~次日早上8时,结束于8~12时;其中持续0~3小时的大雾所占比例最大。近22年雾日年际变化趋势:约40%的观测站呈显著下降趋势,且分布集中在四川盆地,有少数的站点呈显著上升趋势。