社会资本定量评价方法及应用——以黑河流域为例

社会资本是促使人们参加集体活动的规范、网络和社会制度.参考国际上社会资本定量评价方法,利用问卷调查的形式,通过构造认知型社会资本和结构型社会资本相结合的社会资本指数,对黑河流域各地区微观水平的社会资本作了相对评价.黑河流域社会资本整体水平不高,只有7%乡镇的社会资本指数在80以上的,32%的乡镇在50~80之间,61%的乡镇在50以下.整体上黑河流域社会资本水平上游高于中下游,认知型社会资本高于结构型社会资本,城市社会资本水平高于农村,经济条件好的地方社会资本水平高于经济条件差的地方.研究为进一步探讨水资源社会化管理奠定了基础.     

开展中南地区地质调查资料社会化服务的思路及意义

武汉地质调查中心作为中南区地质调查管理机构,承担着中南地区地质调查资料信息的服务工作,近年来本中心资料馆不断创新、探索地质资料服务思路,进行地质资料数据的集成、专题数据提取、数据库建设、数据发布系统开发等技术方法和手段的运用,探索地质资料集成与开发模式,创新地质资料发布的表达方式,提供丰富多样的检索手段,改变地质资料的服务方式,极大提高了地质资料的服务能力。通过网络发布、窗口接待、电子阅览室等形式,开展卓有成效的地质资料社会化服务。     

生态环境与社会经济复合系统的协同进化

在系统分析水资源约束下生态环境与社会经济复合系统的竞争与合作关系的基础上,以协同学理论为基础,建立了复合系统的有序度模型和复合系统的协同进化模型,给出了相应的计算方法。论文对模型进行了相应分析,指出在不同情况下复合系统的协同进化分为3种情况:部分竞争替代、部分竞争共存、完全独立共存。以黑龙江垦区1986~2006年生态环境和社会经济复合系统的统计数据为基础,建立了相应的协同进化模型并进行分析计算,结果符合实际。     

上海城市地质及其社会服务机制探讨(摘要)

城市地质具有很广的工作范畴,其定义一般认为是在城市及其周围地区或潜在城市化的特定空间范围内,综合考虑各种地质要素(岩石与构造、水文与工程、矿产与建材等),研究其对城市发展所提供的资源、所施加的约束条件及城市发展对其产生的影响,为城市规划、建设和管理服务的地质工作。上海城市地质工作始终以服务城市发展、保障城市安全为首要任务,矿产资源普查、工程勘察、地面沉降调查、环境地质调查、工程地质调查等地质工作内容曾分别成为不同年代城市地质工作的主要内容。2004年启动的上海市三维城市地质调查工作,开启了地质工作社会化服务的新篇章,目前项目的有关成果已经在城市的规划、建设与管理中得到了应用。     

Flood disasters and social resilience during the decline of the Qing Dynasty: Case studies of 1823 and 1849

Based on historical records and crop harvest scores extracted from historical documents, this study reconstructed the spatial–temporal distribution and severities of floods in the Yangtze-Huai River valley (YHRV) in 1823 and 1849. We also summarized the effects of the floods on society and identified government measures taken to cope with the floods in the context of the economic recession in the period of 1801–1850. The 1823 flood, which was caused by the heavy precipitation of the Meiyu period and typhoons, severely affected areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, the 1849 flood, triggered by long-term, high-intensity Meiyu precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly affected areas along the Yangtze River. The 1849 disaster was more serious than the one in 1823. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the 1849 flood caused the worst agricultural failure of the period 1730–1852. To deal with the disasters, the Qing government took relief measures, such as exempting taxes in the affected areas, distributing grain stored in warehouses, and transferring grain to severely afflicted areas. These relief measures were supplemented by auxiliary measures, such as exempting commodity taxes on grain shipped to disaster areas and punishing officials who failed to provide adequate disaster relief. The flood disasters disrupted the water system of the Grand Canal and forced the Qing government to transport Cao rice by sea beginning in 1826. This laid the groundwork for the rise of coastal shipping in modern China. With the economic recession of the 19th century, Chinese society was not as resilient to floods as it was in the 18th century. Compared to droughts, floods are more difficult to deal with and pose greater threats to infrastructure and normal life and work in the cities.     

A global analysis of cities’ geosocial temporal signatures for points of interest hours of operation

ABSTRACT

The temporal nature of humans interaction with Points of Interest (POIs) in cities can differ depending on place type and regional location. Times when many people are likely to visit restaurants (place type) in Italy, may differ from times when many people are likely to visit restaurants in Lebanon (i.e. regional differences). Geosocial data are a powerful resource to model these temporal differences in cities, as traditional methods used to study cross-cultural differences do not scale to a global level. As cities continue to grow in population and economic development, research identifying the social and geophysical (e.g., climate) factors that influence city function remains important and incomplete. In this work, we take a quantitative approach, applying dynamic time warping and hierarchical clustering on temporal signatures to model geosocial temporal patterns for Retail and Restaurant Facebook POIs hours of operation for more than 100 cities in 90 countries around the world. Results show cities’ temporal patterns cluster to reflect the cultural region they represent. Furthermore, temporal patterns are influenced by a mix of social and geophysical factors. Trends in the data suggest social factors influence unique drops in temporal signatures, and geophysical factors influence when daily temporal patterns start and finish.     

THE ROLES OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN CHINA

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中国省域旅游效率空间网络结构演化及其影响因素

综合运用Super-DEA模型和社会网络分析法探究2011-2016年中国省域旅游效率空间网络结构演化特征及其成因.结果表明:①2011-2016年中国省域旅游效率均值为0.739,总体呈现轻微下降态势,空间上大致呈现"东部＞中部＞东北部＞西部"的分布特征.②研究期内,中国省域旅游效率的空间关联网络呈现多线程、稠密化和...     

First insights on spatial and temporal distribution patterns of humpback whales in the breeding ground at Sainte Marie Channel,Madagascar

The Sainte Marie Channel on the northeast coast of Madagascar is an important breeding ground for humpback whales; the first observation of birth was documented there, yet it has never been investigated for phenology and habitat use of humpback whales. The present study was aimed at examining temporal and spatial distribution patterns and the encounter rate of different social groups of humpback whales during the breeding season. We used a large set of opportunistic sightings data collected from whale-watching boats. A total of 3 247 sightings were collected during 897 whale-watching trips conducted between June and September from 2009 to 2013. Our study complements previous information on the seasonal presence of humpback whale social groups by demonstrating a persistent and well-structured temporal pattern in the succession of the different groups. Over the different years of the study period, groups without calves consistently dominated the first 30 days of the breeding season, followed by an increase in groups with calves. Interannual differences were observed in the encounter rates, with significantly higher global encounter rates in 2009, 2011 and 2013 (2.2, 2.3 and 2.3 sightings h^–1, respectively), and likewise for the mean encounter rates for groups with calves. In contrast, the encounter rate of groups without calves was similar over the study period. Although our study area exhibits a narrow configuration and poorly contrasting physiographic features due to its restricted spatial extent, we report a spatially segregated pattern of humpback whale social groups in the Sainte Marie Channel. A general linear model showed that groups with calves were influenced by water depth and distance from shore, being observed mostly in shallow waters (to 20 m depth) and close to the coastline (6 km). Our findings will be useful for the development of strategic sustained management plans by providing baseline information on humpback whale distribution at an important but poorly documented breeding site.     

Influence of Information Technology on Social Spatial Behaviors of Urban Residents ——Case of Nanjing City in China

Taking Nanjing as a case, the paper explains the spatial behavior differences existing in the information technology use among different groups of residents and households, by virtue of analyzing the survey data of urban households in the 11 districts of Nanjing, from the social, spatial, life and other non-technical angles. Also it makes various analyses and evaluation quantitatively and qualitatively on the social and spatial effect of information technology. The results show that the new technology is changing the social spatial behaviors of urban residents. New behavioral spaces of urban family such as telecommuting, email and QQ have begun to emerge. With the help of Internet, the communication scope of families has expanded greatly, and more new forms of publicizing community information have begun to emerge. Telecommunication contact forms have been developing swiftly, and their frequencies of con- tact have been increasing dramatically.