基于社会脆弱性的中国高温灾害人群健康风险评价

本研究通过综合考虑高温胁迫、社会脆弱性和人口暴露,提出基于社会脆弱性的高温灾害风险评价框架,结合气象数据、遥感数据、社会经济数据构建多元数据融合的评价指标体系,开展全国分县高温灾害风险评价。研究结果表明,高温灾害脆弱性热点区域主要集中在中国新疆西部、豫西皖北交界处、四川盆地、洞庭湖流域、广西境内珠江流域;而华中地区湖北江汉平原和湖南洞庭湖流域、西南地区四川省和重庆市交界处的四川盆地、华东地区江浙沪一带、华南珠江流域,则是中国突出的高温灾害风险热点区。高温灾害脆弱性热点区和高温灾害风险热点区的分布出现比较明显的差异,高温灾害脆弱性热点区主要分布于高温胁迫较高或社会经济较差的不发达地区,区域人群由于经济上的适应能力较差而受到高温威胁的概率较大;而高温灾害风险则强调灾害一旦发生时的可能损失,其热点区域主要分布于人口聚集、经济较为发达的大城市区域。就主导因子分区来说,高温胁迫主导区域主要为平原、盆地以及大江大河流域,社会脆弱性主导区域主要位于经济欠发达地区以及脆弱性人群聚集区;人口暴露主导区域则主要集中在人口密集的中心城市和沿海地区。     

中国大陆社会与文化地理学研究领域综观

中国人文地理学的发展经历了一条充满艰辛而又曲折的道路。改革开放以来,中国人文地理学开始回暖,社会与文化地理研究重焕新生,但学科所占位置相对边缘。在“文化转向”的背景下,近年来社会与文化地理学开始呈现出欣欣向荣之势。从文化区、文化传播与文化整合,民族文化地理,文化景观与文化经济,地方和基于地方的政治,边缘群体研究五个方面对中国大陆社会与文化地理研究现状进行综观性的概述和批判性的反思。建立在西方学术话语霸权之上的社会与文化地理学,需要开展建设性的对话并加以研究。未来的社会与文化地理学研究应更加强调跨学科视角和对当前社会问题的关注。     

Private property restitution: the geographical consequences of official government policies in Central and Eastern Europe

The restitution of private property has been a widespread and controversial part of the post-socialist transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, raising issues about social justice and the responsibilities of national governments for the actions of their predecessors. This paper reviews the implementation of the restitution process in the countries of the region and assesses the impact on the social and economic landscape. The policy has been most extensive in Germany and most controversial in Poland, and the impacts in these two countries are considered in detail. The results show that everywhere restitution has resulted in winners and losers, with some claimants having long-lost property returned, but too often at the cost of residents losing their homes. However, an important benefit, notably in Germany's New Bundesländer, has been the introduction of much-needed new investment into the urban fabric of towns and cities, although the landscape impacts elsewhere have been less significant. Nevertheless, throughout Central and Eastern Europe restitution policies have helped governments to come to terms with a difficult aspect of the past and move forward.     

Content analysis of documents using neural networks： A study of Antarctic science research articles published in international journals

Content analysis of scientific papers emanating from Antarctic science research during the 25 years period （1980-- 2004） has been carried out using neural network based algorithm-CATPAC. A total of 10 942 research articles published in Science Citation Indexed （SCI） journals were used for the study. Normalized co-word matrix from 35 most-used significant words was used to study the semantic association between the words. Structural Equivalence blocks were constructed from these 35 most-used words. Four-block model solution was found to be optimum. The density table was dichotomized using the mean density of the table to derive the binary matrix, which was used to construct the network map. Network maps represent the thematic character of the blocks. The blocks showed preferred connection in establishing semantic relationship with the blocks, characterizing thematic composition of Antarctic science research. The analysis has provided an analytical framework for carrying out studies on the con- tent of scientific articles. The paper has shown the utility of co-word analysis in highlighting the important areas of research in Antarctic science.     

环印度洋区域国家地缘经济格局分析

环印度洋区域不仅关乎中国贸易与能源安全,同时也涵盖“一带一路”倡议合作的部分区域.为便于中国更好地开展与环印度洋区域国家之间的贸易合作,需要定量考察环印度洋区域的地缘经济格局,掌握域内外大国在该区域的地缘经济竞争情况.首先基于有序聚类方法将1992-2017年环印度洋区域国家的商品贸易数据划分为4个阶段,然后探究环印度...     

Race and (Online) Sites of Consumption

Due to the hybrid nature of material and digital spaces, more decisions are being made online that have a direct effect on offline actions. This is increasingly true for the locations where people are choosing to consume goods and services such as restaurants or retail outlets. The growth of the GeoWeb—personal data uploaded to certain Internet sites such as social media platforms—has established large databases showing the locations where people go during their daily lives for the purposes of consumption. One such repository is the social network, Foursquare, which people use to display their physical location to their friends, digitally. In looking more closely at datasets from Foursquare overlaid with information on racial characteristics in census tracts, a pattern emerges: predominantly African‐American tracts are increasingly left out of this type of online participation. This paper will compare Foursquare data from several U.S. cities to discuss the implications of being left off of social media platforms tied to economic activity. It is likely that these virtually invisible areas will have a direct impact on the economic vitality of their physical counterparts     

中国城市网络关联格局的演变及影响因素：基于企业网络视角

基于企业网络视角,利用隶属网络模型,研究中国城市网络关联格局的演变,利用QAP模型识别影响因素,结果发现：（1）网络整体呈现扁平化特征,城市网络在越来越扁平化的同时等级性并没有消失;（2）从网络联系趋势上看,城市之间联系越来越紧密,网络规模越来越大,但总体联系仍比较松散,且东部发育完善,中西部发育不完善,东部城市对其他地区城市的辐射作用越来越强;（3）我国城市网络存在典型的“小世界”效应且“小世界”效应越来越明显;（4）通过凝聚子群分析,发现子群数目越来越多,但是只有少数城市出现在子群中,说明联系大部分发生在核心城市之间;（5）城市规模、城市资源和生产成本对城市网络关联格局的形成有显著影响,城市规模、城市资源差距越小和生产成本差距越大的城市之间越容易发生联系,并且城市网络的发展深受历史因素的影响。     

北京城市社会区分析

自从1984年中国实施城市改革以来,城市土地市场和住房市场建立已经对城市的社会空间结构产生重要影响。作者利用1998年北京街道一级调查数据进行城市社会区分析。结果显示,经济社会和种族状况具有一定的影响,但并没有发挥重要的作用。土地利用强度在形成新的城市社会空间结构过程中发挥了关键的作用。与家庭状况相关的流动人口状况也表现为非常强劲的影响。北京的社会区表明：土地利用强度分布呈同心圆模型,家庭分布形态具有扇形结构的特征;社会经济状态因子分布形态既表现了同心圆的特征,也具有扇形结构的特点;种族因子的空间分布形成了一种多核空间结构。     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SPREAD-AND-BACKWASH,POPULATION TURNAROUND AND CORRIDOR EFFECTS IN THE INTER-METROPOLITAN PERIPHERY: A CASE STUDY

Three recurrent concepts in urban geography are examined in a single area within a portion of the inter-metropolitan periphery, primarily for the 1960-1980 period. This local-scale study attempts to replicate several findings of studies involving larger units dispersed over wider regions. In this portion of the inter-metropolitan periphery, spread-and-backwash was evident in the 1960s, followed by the population turnaround in the 1970s but only within the context of an urban corridor defined with respect to combined metropolitan and nonmetropolitan commuting areas as linked by major highways. The end of the turnaround was also corroborated in the area but there was not clear evidence of a return to an urban-linked growth pattern. This study suggests the existence of a complex rural-area pattern evolving around corridors and hierarchical sets of nonmetropolitan cities, rather than either a simple, uninterrupted march of metropolitanization across a rural landscape or the emergence of a high-tech society freed from such constraints as distance and rural/urban distinctions.     

论中国妇女法定婚龄的演变

法律如何规定妇女的结婚年龄,是妇女社会地位变迁的重要标志。当妇女在社会劳动中发挥重要作用,社会地位提高时,她们的结婚年龄就规定得比较适当;当她们在社会劳动中作用被削弱,社会地位降低被当成生育的工具时,她们的结婚年龄也就规定得不适当。这种结婚年龄的变化,反映出了古代妇女社会地位的历史变迁。在注重妇女权益保护的现代社会,妇女法定婚龄的规定应当更加符合人性。