煤岩及煤岩加不同介质的热模拟地球化学实验--气态和液态产物的产率以及演化特征

对塔里木盆地侏罗系煤岩以及煤岩加不同介质等 4个系列以 50℃为一温阶,从 250～550℃进行热模拟实验,并对其气体产物、液态有机质进行了系统分析。结果表明:煤岩成烃过程是一个综合作用的过程,它的生气、生油与外界环境如水,粘土矿物等的辅助作用有关。随着热模拟温度的升高,各产气率呈增长趋势。介质的加入可降低有机质成烃温度,有利于液态物的产出。     

河北遵化汤泉地热田成因模式

河北遵化汤泉地热资源丰富,阐明其成因模式对于该地热田的进一步开发和热水资源的可持续利用具有一定的指导意义。基于地温测量和水文地球化学分析等方法对其进行了系统研究,结果表明该地热田属中低温对流型地热系统。地热田在其以北的山区接受大气降水补给,补给高程下限约为935 m。地热流体在深循环过程中于正常的大地热流背景下被围岩逐渐加热,热储温度约为130 ℃,循环深度约为4 800 m。在汤泉福泉宫至疗养院一带,构造切割花岗岩体,使得深部地热流体沿破碎带上涌,混合并加热赋存于蓄水构造中的片麻岩裂隙水,形成汤泉地区的地热异常。     

南海东北部冷泉区沉积物中有机质来源的生物标志物分析与环境指示意义

Multi-biomarker indexes were analyzed for two piston cores from potential cold seep areas of the South China Sea off southwestern Taiwan. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized terrestrial(n-alkanes) and marine(brassicasterol, dinosterol, alkenones and iso-GDGTs) biomarker contents and ratios(TMBR, 1/Pmar-aq, BIT) were used to evaluate the contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter(TOM and MOM respectively) to the sedimentary organic matter, indicating that MOM dominated the organic sources in Core MD052911 and the sedimentary organic matter in Core ORI-_(86)0-22 was mainly derived from terrestrial inputs, and different morphologies were the likely reason for TOM percentage differences. BIT results suggested that river-transported terrestrial soil organic matter was not a major source of TOM of sedimentary organic matter around these settings.Diagnostic biomarkers for methane-oxidizing archaea(MOA) were only detected in one sample at 172 cm depth of Core ORI-_(86)0-22, with abnormally high iso-GDGTs content and Methane Index(MI) value(0.94). These results indicated high anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) activities at or around 172 cm in Core ORI-_(86)0-22.However in Core MD052911, MOA biomarkers were not detected and MI values were lower(0.19–0.38), indicated insignificant contributions of iso-GDGTs from methanotrophic archaea and the absence of significant AOM activities. Biomarker results thus indicated that the discontinuous upward methane seepage and insufficient methane flux could not induce high AOM activities in our sampling sites. In addition, the different patterns of TEX_(86) and U_(37)~(K′) temperature in two cores suggested that AOM activities affected TEX_(86)37 temperature estimates with lower values in Core ORI-_(86)0-22, but not significantly on TEX_(86) temperature estimates in Core MD052911.     

一次山区龙卷的双部雷达回波监测分析

利用秦皇岛S波段和承德C波段天气雷达资料、NCEP 1°×1°6h再分析资料、中尺度物理量及灾情报告,对2009年7月20日河北承德平泉县一次龙卷天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明,龙卷发生在西高东低的山谷中,冷空气南压,高空西南急流动量下传,使得低层中尺度水平风场-V分量沿山谷西部增大,产生不对称小尺度山谷风次级环流,...     

横断山脉地区大气环流演变特征分析

应用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法对横断山脉地区的8个经度×10个纬度范围内1948-2012年逐日平均的海平面气压场进行环流分型,由日平均海平面气压场算出6个环流指数（u、v、V、ξu、ξv、ξ）,并由此划分出27种不同的环流型。分型结果表明：横断山脉地区主要环流分型为E型、NE型、SE型、N型和C型,其频率分别为：21.4%、14.6%、13.7%、9.8%和9.5%;E和NE型环流频率逐渐增加,C型环流型频率逐渐减少。春季横断山脉地区主导环流比较繁琐;NE、N型为夏季的主要环流型,但E型环流在夏季的频率也相当大;秋季和冬季横断山脉地区的主导环流型都为E型和SE型。夏季主导环流型持续时间较长,冬季也是主导环流持续的时间较长,个别年份主导环流型持续时间超过了一个月,这主要与横断山脉地区复杂的地形有联系。     

遥感地质勘查技术与应用研究

遥感的发展极大地拓宽了人类的视野和视觉能力,以其宏观性、综合性、多尺度、多层次的特点,已成为地质研究和地质勘查不可缺少的技术手段,在地质调查、矿产勘查、地质环境评价、地质灾害监测和基础地质研究等方面都发挥了越来越大的作用.随着传感器分辨率(空间、光谱、时间、辐射)的不断提高,特别是高光谱和干涉雷达技术的发展,不仅极大地...     

P–T–t–d evolution of orogenic middle crust of the Roc de Frausa Massif (Eastern Pyrenees): a result of horizontal crustal flow and Carboniferous doming?

Structural, petrological and textural studies are combined with phase equilibria modelling of metapelites from different structural levels of the Roc de Frausa Massif in the Eastern Pyrenees. The pre‐Variscan lithological succession is divided into the Upper, Intermediate and Lower series by two orthogneiss sheets and intruded by Variscan igneous rocks. Structural analysis reveals two phases of Variscan deformation. D1 is marked by tight to isoclinal small‐scale folds and an associated flat‐lying foliation (S1) that affects the whole crustal section. D2 structures are characterized by tight upright folds facing to the NW with steep NE–SW axial planes. D2 heterogeneously reworks the D1 fabrics, leading to an almost complete transposition into a sub‐vertical foliation (S2) in the high‐grade metamorphic domain. All structures are affected by late open to tight, steeply inclined south‐verging NW–SE folds (F3) compatible with steep greenschist facies dextral shear zones of probable Alpine age. In the micaschists of the Upper series, andalusite and sillimanite grew during the formation of the S1 foliation indicating heating from 580 to 640 °C associated with an increase in pressure. Subsequent static growth of cordierite points to post‐D1 decompression. In the Intermediate series, a sillimanite–biotite–muscovite‐bearing assemblage that is parallel to the S1 fabric is statically overgrown by cordierite and K‐feldspar. This sequence points to ~1 kbar of post‐D1 decompression at 630–650 °C. The Intermediate series is intruded by a gabbro–diorite stock that has an aureole marked by widespread migmatization. In the aureole, the migmatitic S1 foliation is defined by the assemblage biotite–sillimanite–K‐feldspar–garnet. The microstructural relationships and garnet zoning are compatible with the D1 pressure peak at ~7.5 kbar and ~750 °C. Late‐ to post‐S2 cordierite growth implies that F2 folds and the associated S2 axial planar leucosomes developed during nearly isothermal decompression to <5 kbar. The Lower series migmatites form a composite S1–S2 fabric; the garnet‐bearing assemblage suggests peak P–T conditions of >5 kbar at suprasolidus conditions. Almost complete consumption of garnet and late cordierite growth points to post‐D2 equilibration at <4 kbar and <750 °C. The early metamorphic history associated with the S1 fabric is interpreted as a result of horizontal middle crustal flow associated with progressive heating and possible burial. The upright F2 folding and S2 foliation are associated with a pressure decrease coeval with the intrusion of mafic magma at mid‐crustal levels. The D2 tectono‐metamorphic evolution may be explained by a crustal‐scale doming associated with emplacement of mafic magmas into the core of the dome.     

剪胀角对求解边坡稳定的安全系数的影响

分析了目前用有限元方法求解安全系数时所存在的问题,同时,对于岩土边坡采用平面应变条件下基于非关联流动法则的D-P屈服准则,充分考虑岩土的剪胀性对边坡稳定安全系数的影响,修正了对于剪胀性的传统处理方法：过大的考虑材料的剪胀性的特点（ ）和完全不考虑材料的剪胀性的特点（ ）。算例结果分析表明,安全系数随剪胀角的增大而增大,在考虑剪胀性时,采用不同的屈服准则对边坡的安全系数是有很显著的影响的,误差可达30 %左右。     

长江中下游六省大气甲烷柱浓度时空分布

甲烷(CH₄)是造成气候变暖的主要温室气体之一。为了了解长江中下游水稻种植区CH₄浓度的分布情况,本次研究基于温室气体观测卫星(greenhousegasesobservingsatellite,GOSAT)和大气红外探测仪(atmospheric infraredsounder,AIRS)卫星反演的数据产品,对我国长江中下游六省大气CH₄柱浓度的时空分布特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,由GOSAT反演的长江中下游六省大气CH₄浓度呈逐年增长趋势,其年均浓度由2011年的1817×10^-9增长至2018年的1875×10^-9,高于东三省、华北平原和全国平均水平。区域平均年增长量为8.2×10^-9 a^-1。各省年际增长幅度略有差异,纬度偏低的江西、湖南和浙江三省大气CH₄浓度高且增长量偏大,纬度偏高的湖北、安徽和江苏三省大气CH₄浓度略低且增长量偏小。长江中下游六省大气CH...     

综合分析技术在微细粒浸染型金矿金赋存状态研究中的应用

采用化学组分分析、物相分析、粒度筛析、X射线面扫描分析、矿物分离分析并结合数理统计分析等综合分析技术对微细粒浸染型金矿进行工艺矿物学研究,较为快速、准确地查明该金精矿金的赋存状态.几种分析方法互为补充,结果吻合.