复杂模型重力位场快速正反演方法及应用

提要 本文详细讨论了一种三维重力位场快速正反演方法。作者在前人工作的基础上,对算法作了行之有效的改进,通过对反演中的不稳定因素进行各种理论模型试算,得出保证迭代反演稳定收敛的准则,编制出可在微型机IBM—PC上运行的人机对话式自动正反演程序。本文还对各种不均质模型进行了模似计算并将该方法应用于某含油气沉积盆地的双层界面构造研究,揭示出了储油有利地段。     

调频式电涡传感器微机实现的探讨

分析了分频和ＣＴＣ计数采样中误读数的原因和解决方法，并利用微机软件实现非线性校正。此传感器用于位移测量系统中，具有０．０１ｍｍ的分辨率及优于１％的精度，可在－２０～６０℃温度范围内工作。     

Late Quaternary landscapes in Central Australia: sedimentary history and palaeoecology of Puritjarra rock shelter

Puritjarra rock shelter provides a long record of late Quaternary vegetation in the Australian arid zone. Analysis of the sedimentary history of this rock shelter is combined with reanalysis of charcoal and phytolith records to provide a first‐order picture of changing landscapes in western Central Australia. These show a landscape responding to increasing aridity from 45 ka with deflation of clay‐rich red palaeosols (<45 ka) and sharp declines in grassland and other vegetation at 40–36 ka, and at the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (24 ka). Vegetation in the catchment of the rock shelter recovered after 15 ka with expansion of both acacia woodland and spinifex grasslands, registering stronger summer rainfall in the interior of the continent. By 8.3 ka re‐vegetation of local palaeosols and dunes had choked off sediment supply to the rock shelter and the character of the sediments changed abruptly. Poaceae values peaked at 5.8 ka, suggesting the early–mid Holocene climatic optimum in Central Australia is bracketed between 8.3 and 5.8 ka. Local vegetation was disrupted in the late Holocene with a sharp decline in Poaceae at 3.8 ka, coinciding with an abrupt intensification of ENSO. Local grasslands recovered over the next two millennia and by 1.5 ka the modern vegetation appears to have become established. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RELAXING ASSUMPTIONS OF PERFECT INFORMATION IN PARK VISITATION MODELS*

Variables related to urban park awareness are identified and methods for relaxing assumptions of perfect information in park use models are discussed. Park awareness is related to park characteristics (age and degree of development of the park), population characteristics (race, age, length of residence, recreation participation), and distance. Park attributes are stronger predictors of both park awareness and use than is distance. These findings parallel similar research on the cognitive aspects of shopping decisions.     

Predicting ground-motion variations at the Turkey-flat test site,California

Results of a single group participating in an international experiment are analyzed. The experiment served to verify computational predictions of the ground-motion variations due to near-surface geological effects at a site established for that purpose by the California Department of Conservation. Based on an acceleration record at a rock location, and geotechnical model of medium, records at the other locations of a nearby sedimentary deposit were predicted. A 2-D finite-difference sensitivity analysis suggested that the lateral wave-propagation effects are negligibly small, and locally 1-D computations are sufficient for the present site. Those computations are compared with observations not available to the authors during the blind prediction. Peak accelerations, peak velocities and RMS accelerations were predicted with errors less than 159%, 114% and 62%, respectively. Maxima of the response spectra were fitted within a factor of 2. The predicted and observed Husid's plots (i.e., the normalized cumulative plots of the acceleration squared) have the correlation coefficients 0.98. The detected misfits do not show any simple relation to the instrument location, component, frequency, or time.     

粗颗粒悬移质测验误差分析

本文根据流速与含沙量分布,研究了悬移质积点法对粗颗粒含沙量测验误差.首先指出无论从输沙率还是从悬浮高度看,粗颗粒悬移质集中于河底,致使水文测验中的一些测验方法(如一点法、二点法、三点法等)带有较大的误差.进而分析了各种测法对粗颗粒的相对误差,并且随着颗粒变粗,误差愈来愈大,以致不能接受.这种情况在水库下游河道冲刷过程中,会在一定程度上出现,必须重视研究和调整测验方法.最后通过与长江委水文局在沙市及监利两水文站试验结果对比,证明本文理论上的分析是可信的.     

Historical record of heavy metals in a highly contaminated Mediterranean deposit: The Besòs prodelta

The Besòs prodelta, located around a highly populated area, receives the discharge of the Besòs River, one of the most contaminated rivers discharging into the Mediterranean sea. The record of heavy metals accumulated in this prodelta is studied to assess the sedimentary behaviour and the history of the anthropogenic heavy metals in the area.

Full-size image

dated sediments have allowed the identification of the sedimentation patterns and the elaboration of dated heavy metals and cenospheres profiles, which reflected the evolution of the anthropogenic impact in this marine environment. Sediments accumulated during the 18th and 19th centuries were already affected by a moderate heavy metal contamination. This contamination increased drastically in the sediments accumulated during the last decades. This data is well correlated with the increase in industrialisation, population and energy consumption in the Besòs drainage basin during the last century.     

烧伤病人应用CHIMEHERB人工皮的临床评价

本研究初步评价CHIMEHERB人工皮的治疗效果.74例,105个创面应用人工皮:供皮区47个创面,愈合时间平均为9±1.94d(天),油纱布对照为11.7±1.93d(P<0.01);14个浅Ⅱ°新鲜创面,70％在3～5d内逐渐干燥与创面紧密粘附,平均愈合时间为9.8±3.09d;11个存留上皮组织的削痂深Ⅱ°创面,平均5.7±1.7d干燥,平均愈合时间为10.55±3.09d,不需植自体皮;8个削痂刨面至脂肪组织或切痂创面4～9d更植自体皮,其存活率近乎100％,2个创面因残留坏死组织而失败;人工皮应用于16个自体皮间隙创面,除三个网状植皮和一个条状植皮创面失败外,所植自体皮都在人工皮下扩展融合,未观察到占位现象;对后期残余小创面有良好的效果.本研究结果提示人工皮对创面愈合具有有利影响.主要适用于供皮区、浅Ⅱ°新鲜创面、深Ⅱ°脱痂和削痂后存留上皮组织较多的创面、自体皮间隙创面和后期残余小创面,不适宜于深Ⅲ°新鲜创面.     

基于规则波波形的超声波非接触测量有关问题探讨

波浪波形的非接触测量近年来获得广泛的应用。本文以规则波为讨论对象，针对介质为空气的超声波测量方式进行波形测量误差分析，并结合实验室和实船试验进行对比分析。理论分析表明：在规则波取为坦谷波和ＳＴＯＫＥＳ波的前提下，超声波技术几乎产生相同的最大误差。定量分析表明，在对测量精度限制的条件下，对文中提及的各项参数应作有效的控制