Methods for visualizing the explosive remnants of war

This study aimed to answer the question how cartography can help decision makers visualize the problem of contamination by explosive remnants of war (ERW). We thus explored a set of six cartographic visualization methods and systematically evaluated their usefulness with respect to four categories of stakeholders in the humanitarian demining process (i.e., database administrators, operations officers, directors of national mine action authorities, and donors) at four geographical scales, ranging from municipal to global. The main application of our work is for stakeholders involved in humanitarian demining. We provide them with a comprehensive framework for visualizing ERW hazards at the geographical scale at which they have to make decisions, as well as customized cartographic visualization tools and recommendations to help them make informed decisions. For example, we provide potential donors with a method for obtaining a global overview of ERW contamination while remaining aware of regional variation and hot spots. We also enhance cartographic visualization capabilities using traditional kernel density estimation by customizing key parameters. Specifically, we propose a method for adjusting kernel bandwidth for datasets with highly heterogeneous spatial distributions and a method for generating kernel surfaces from polygon data that consists of infilling the polygons with points before using them as inputs in the kernel density estimation.     

A proposed framework for feature‐level geospatial data sharing: a case study for transportation network data

Current data sharing in the Internet environment is supported using metadata at the file level. This approach has three fundamental shortcomings. First, sharing data from different sources with different semantics, data models, and acquisition methods usually requires data conversion and/or integration like data conflation. This can be tedious and error‐prone. Second, data updated from one source cannot be automatically propagated to other related data or applications. Finally, data sharing at the file level makes it difficult to provide feature‐level data for searching, accessing, and exchanging in real time over the Internet. This paper addresses these three issues by proposing a standards‐based framework for sharing geospatial data in the transportation application domain. The proposed framework uses a standard data model—geospatial data model proposed by the Geospatial One‐Stop initiative to harmonize the semantics and data models without the use of data integration methods. It uses Geography Markup Language (GML) for geospatial data coding and feature relationship, which provides a basis to propagate the data update from one source to related other sources and applications, and to search and extract data at the feature level. The framework uses the Web Feature Service (WFS) to search, access and extract data at the feature level from distributed sources. Finally, the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) standard was used for data display on the Web browser. Two transportation network datasets are used in the prototype case study to implement the proposed framework. The prototype allows the user to access and extract data at the feature level on the Web from distributed sources without downloading the full data file. It shows that the proposed standards‐based feature‐level data‐sharing system is capable of sharing data without data conflation, accessing, and exchanging data in real time at the feature level. The prototype also shows that changes in one database can be automatically reflected or propagated in another related database without data downloading.     

服务于大型综合地学科研项目的在线数据支撑平台

大型综合地学科研项目产生的数据既是项目研究成果的组成部分, 又是科技创新的重要基础。面向复杂地学信息资源汇交、管理和共享的需要, 有必要建立针对项目自身运行管理和数据产出特色的在线数据支撑平台。本文以973项目“白垩纪地球表层系统重大地质事件与温室气候变化”为例, 研究并应用 Web Services技术与地理信息技术建立服务于特定项目的数据支撑平台。论文阐述了项目数据的分类方法和数据汇交机制, 并基于“数据-功能-用户”视图理念, 设计实现了提供数据汇交、管理和共享功能的数据服务门户以及对WebGIS的集成。应用结果表明: 在线数据支撑平台对发挥多源、复杂、高成本的地学科研数据共享利用价值具有良好的支撑作用; 同时, 具有一定通用性的平台框架对同类项目数据成果的归档管理以及验收汇报演示具有示范意义。     

地球观测数据卫星分发系统发展综述

地球观测数据卫星分发系统(GEONETCast)借助通信卫星,把从地面站点、航空和航天平台获取的观测数据、产品传送给广大的用户。GEONETCast当前由CMACast,EUMETCast和GEONETCast Americas 3个区域系统组成,作为地球观测组织(GEO)提出的全球综合地球观测系统(GEOSS)的全球地球观测数据和信息卫星分发系统,旨在满足9个社会受益领域的用户需求。GEONETCast建立在现有区域系统之上,利用GEO的协调机制,共同确定GEONETCast系统的整体计划和要求。各区域系统在科研项目和业务建设的支持下,不断发展完善。未来要保障GEONET-Cast健康、良性和可持续的业务运行,还需要加强4个方面的工作:①区域系统之间的互相通信;②保持GEONETCast的开放性和动态性,发展更多的数据提供者提供地球观测数据;③发展更多的数据使用者;④数据政策。     

Stress Sharing Behavior and Its Mechanism during Consolidation Process in Composite Ground Improved by Sand Compaction Piles with Low Replacement Area Ratio

In order to accurately design a sand compaction pile (SCP) with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between the sand pile and clay ground and its mechanism during consolidation process in composite ground. In this article, therefore, a series of numerical analyses on composite ground improved by SCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, were confirmed by comparing the results obtained from a series of laboratory model tests with the composite ground improved by SCP. Through the results of the numerical analyses, mechanical behavior of the sand pile and clay in composite ground during consolidation is elucidated, together with a stress sharing mechanism between sand pile and clay.     

上海地震科学数据共享服务平台建设

系统介绍上海市地震科学数据共享平台的数据服务内容,详细讨论强震、测震、空间信息、地震地质背景等4类数据的共享方式、内容以及平台建设过程中采用的关键技术。地震科学数据具有类型广、种类多、数据格式不一致以及年代长等特点,地震科学数据共享平台在如何对这些分散的海量地震数据整合应用服务方面进行有益的探索,研究并建立基于Web的地震科学数据可视化发布系统。深度挖掘并探索地震科学数据的普及性和社会应用潜力,实现了地震科学数据服务方式的多样化。     

区域CORS系统整合共享若干问题的思考

区域CORS的整合共享是必然的发展趋势。分析了我国区域CORS系统建设的现状和面临的问题,结合HBCORS与WHCORS在武汉地区的测试数据进行了对比分析,给出了区域CORS整合共享的2种模式,并对CORS整合后的基准统一、维护管理以及成果应用等提出了相关建议。     

基于地理实体编码的多尺度表达空间数据联动更新技术

基于浙江省地理空间数据交换和共享平台的多比例尺空间数据库的建设和频繁更新工作实践,突破传统的数据库更新模式,介绍利用地理实体编码、变化发现等实现多尺度表达空间数据联动更新的关键技术。     

基于SOA的多级树结构目录服务模型研究

针对目前我国地理信息公共服务平台建设情况和我国地理信息服务特点进行总结分析,提出基于SOA的多级树结构目录服务模型,实现地理信息服务的集成、控制和共享,为地理信息公共服务平台建设的集成与共享提供了新思路。     

基于Autodesk相关软件在3维数字城市方面的应用

在地理信息工程中,可以利用Autodesk公司提供的相关软件为规划设计、灾后重建、4维空间位置分析、多样化元素网格表现等提供辅助决策,并提供高精度且兼容性数据以便于其他方面的相关分析。