两次副热带高压北侧暖锋暴雨动力热力诊断

使用常规观测资料、自动气象站降水量以及NCEPFNL再分析资料,对黑龙江省两次副热带高压(简称副高)北侧暖锋暴雨过程(简称"0801"和"0803"过程)进行动力热力机制诊断分析.结果表明,两次暖锋暴雨过程,均有台风活动,造成副高西伸北抬,副高外围的西南低空急流向北输送大量高动量的暖湿空气.两次暴雨过程与高低空急流关系...     

有关1976年唐山地震发震断层的讨论

对《地震地质》刊登的两篇文章中有关唐山断裂是高角度西倾的逆冲走滑断裂及唐山市东侧付庄-西河断裂是唐山地震的发震断裂的观点进行讨论。笔者认为,如果唐山地震断层是西倾的逆冲走滑活动,需要考虑唐山逆冲断裂的活动方式与唐山市西侧第四纪凹陷之间的关系;如果付庄-西河断裂是唐山地震震源构造的地表破裂,需要解释该西倾的倾滑断裂带与唐山市内走滑地裂缝带的成因联系。此外,还需要更有说服力的证据排除该地表破裂带是次生构造破裂的可能。建议对控制草泊第四纪凹陷的活动断裂开展调查     

中国南海软珊瑚真菌Eupenicillium sp. DX-SER3 (KC871024)的次级代谢产物研究

文章旨在对中国南海软珊瑚来源真菌Eupenicillium sp. DX-SER3 (KC871024)进行次级代谢产物的研究。利用硅胶层析柱、正反相中压层析柱以及半制备高效液相等方法对该菌株的大米发酵产物进行分离纯化, 利用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学方法并参考文献数据对分离的单体化合物进行结构鉴定。从中分离得到5个已知化合物: 烟曲霉酸、β-腺苷、2'-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷、N-acyltryptamine和对羟基苯甲醛。其中, 烟曲霉酸在该菌株中产量很高, 预示着该菌株具有开发成该类化合物的工程菌株的潜力。文章还探讨了烟曲霉酸抗植物病原真菌的潜力, 发现效果并不明显。     

Algicidal activities of secondary metabolites of marine macroalgal-derived endophytic fungi

Red tide occurrs frequently and causes signi?cant damage to the environment and human health. As a result, development of new effcient and environment friendly red-tide microalgae inhibitors has gained increasing attention in recent times. Algicolous endophytic fungi with unique habitats are promising sources for active agents owing to their abundant secondary metabolites and distinguished activities. In this study, the algicidal activities of 49 marine macroalgal-derived endophytic fungi against phytoplankton Alexandrium tamarense, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Chattonella marina were examined using 96-well microplate. Four fungal strains, including Aspergillus wentii(pt-1), A. ustus(cf-42),and A. versicolor(dl-29, pt-20), exhibited potent algicidal activities. A total of 32 pure compounds isolated from these fungi were noted to possess dif ferent degrees of algicidal activities. Of those, 11 compounds comprising ?ve anthraquinones, two terpenoids, and four steroids showed high 24-h inhibition rates for the four red tide algae, with 24 h EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.01 to 14.29 μg/mL. Among them, compound1(1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone) presented the strongest activity against H. akashiwo,and could decrease its chlorophyll a(Chl a) and superoxide dismutase contents and increase the soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and peroxidase contents. These results suggested that the identi?ed anti-algal compound might inhibit the growth of red tide algae by weakening photosynthesis(reducing Chl a content),destroying cell membrane, and damaging the antioxidant system.     

Throughfall and stemflow vary seasonally in different land‐use types in a lower montane tropical region of Panama

Catchment hydrology is influenced by land‐use change through alteration of rainfall partitioning processes. We compared rainfall partitioning (throughfall, stemflow and interception) and soil water content in three land‐use types (primary forest, secondary forest and agriculture) in the Santa Fe region of Panama. Seasonal patterns were typified by larger volumes of throughfall and stemflow in the wet season, and the size of precipitation events was the main driver of variation in rainfall redistribution. Land‐use‐related differences in rainfall partitioning were difficult to identify due to the high variability of throughfall. However, annual throughfall in agricultural sites made up a larger proportion of gross precipitation than throughfall in forest sites (94 ± 1, 83 ± 6 and 81 ± 1% for agriculture, primary and secondary forests, respectively). Proportional throughfall (% of gross precipitation becoming throughfall) was consistent throughout the year for primary forest, but for secondary forest, it was larger in the dry season than the wet season. Furthermore, proportional stemflow in the dry season was larger in secondary forest than primary forest. Stemflow, measured only in primary and secondary forests, ranged between 0.9 and 3.2% of gross precipitation. Relative soil moisture content in agricultural plots was generally elevated during the first half of the dry season in comparison to primary and secondary forests. Because throughfall is elevated in agricultural plots, we suggest careful management of the spatial distribution and spread of this land‐use type to mitigate potential negative impacts in the form of floods and high erosion rates in the catchment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Method for Diagnosing the Secondary Circulation with Saturated Moist Entropy Structure in a Mature Tropical Cyclone

Under the adiabatic, axisymmetric and steady assumption, a relationship between the saturated moist entropy structure and the secondary circulation in a tropical cyclone(TC) is derived from the continuity equation. It is found that the isentropic surfaces coincide with the streamlines, and the streamfunction can be expressed with saturated moist entropy. The secondary circulation and the saturated moist entropy structure depend on each other. Thus, a method for diagnosing the secondary circulation with the structure of saturated moist entropy is proposed. The method is verified with a simulated intense idealized TC with a highly axisymmetric structure. The diagnosed secondary circulation reproduces well the moist inflow in the boundary layer and the moist updraft in the eyewall. This method facilitates secondary circulation diagnosis in theoretical or mature TCs that satisfy the adiabatic, axisymmetric and steady approximations.     

The (ir)relevance of geography for school choice: Evidence from a Swedish choice experiment

The increased opportunity to choose one’s school of preference has been raised as a key factor in many countries to promote equal opportunities and a higher quality of education. This has been endorsed by policymakers who assume that students make well-informed rational choices and that students stress only academic quality when deciding which school to attend. If this is true, it will benefit schools of high academic quality, rendering improved school quality overall. To date, little research has examined the validity of these assumptions despite the profound effects they have had for changing the school systems in many countries. This article describes an experiment to investigate the relative importance of factors in school choice. The aim is to test the validity of the theoretical assumptions that guided the school choice reforms in Sweden. Specifically, we draw on experimental data from prospective upper secondary school students in Sweden to contrast the principal school quality attributes behind the policy change (knowledge reputation and program feasibility), with the presence of friends and geographical attributes such as distance, location and accessibility, while controlling for individual characteristics. The results have important policy implications as they show that geographical factors are highly relevant for school choice preferences. In contrast to the reforms’ intentions, geography appears to have become more important than ever before. The findings thus reveal significant flaws in the assumptions that motivated the school choice policy reform.     

济阳坳陷沾化凹陷陡坡带始新统沙三段扇三角洲储层成岩作用与有利储层成因

15口井岩芯和众多储层实验资料研究表明,沾化凹陷北部陡坡带始新统沙河街组扇三角洲砂体由长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩等构成。在埋藏成岩演化过程中,该砂岩储层经历了多种成岩作用,现储层埋深1800~4000m,处于中成岩演化阶段,总体形成了中孔中渗储层(平均孔隙度为19.7%,平均渗透率为111.5×10-3μm2)。但在成岩演化过程中,溶蚀作用对于改善储层质量起到了重要作用,主要在2800~3300m深度段,有机酸对长石颗粒的溶蚀,形成的粒间和粒内孔隙不仅增加了孔隙度,而且提高了储层渗透率,改善了储层质量(孔隙度可达到30%,渗透率达到1000×10-3μm2)。可以看出,确定次生孔隙发育深度段有利于有利储层和油气富集层段预测。     

城市次级河流污染源勘查及探讨

随着经济高速发展和城市的快速扩张,城市河道污染问题越来越严重,已经影响到人们的正常生产生活;城市河流污染治理已列入政府工作日程.文中结合某城市次级河流入河排污口污染源勘查工作,对排水管线污染源头进行了追踪调查和测量,并以GIS对成果进行直观展示,为城市管理者规划提供技术支持.     

高雷诺数顶盖驱动方腔流实验

为得到高雷诺数(1×105~1×106)条件下顶盖驱动方腔水流流场和速度分布,设计了边长为0.2 m和0.5 m的立方腔,并利用粒子图像测速技术(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)对方腔流流场进行测量,分析方腔流流场特性和边壁对流场影响规律。结果表明:雷诺数达到5×105时方腔流中主涡旋发生变形,雷诺数从5×105增大到1×106过程中,中间的初级涡旋(Primary eddy,PE)继续变形,并分裂成两个涡旋;随着雷诺数的增大,顺流次级涡旋(Downstream Secondary Eddy Region,DSE)区域面积缩小,雷诺数为5×105时DSE区域可看到成型的涡旋,当雷诺数为1×106时,DSE区域继续缩小,在同样条件下看不到成型的涡旋;雷诺数增大的过程中各边壁的边界层变薄,边壁对方腔流流场特性影响明显。