VRMap制作深圳私房3维演示系统

VRMap制作的深圳市私房3维演示系统有全市飞行演示、随机查询和海量存储等功能,其应用直观、信息丰富。本文阐述了应用VRMap软件建立一个实用的深圳市私房3维演示系统的制作过程,并对其功能进行了简述和分析。     

Influence of below-cloud evaporation on stable isotopes of precipitation in the Yellow River source region

The study of below-cloud evaporation effects under clouds in the Yellow River source region is of great significance for regional water resource generation as well as for water resource security in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the evapotranspiration effect in the Yellow River source region from March to November based on the improved Stewart model. The study concluded that: (1) below-cloud evaporation was slightly higher in summer than in other seasons (residual fractions of raindrop evaporation were 80.57% in summer, 81.12% in spring, and 84.2% in autumn, respectively); and (2) sub-cloud evaporation diminishes with increasing altitude (residual fractions of raindrop evaporation were 83.09% in the western part of the area, 81.82% in the central part of the area, and 81.36% in the eastern part of the area, respectively). (3) The total linear index between study areas f and ∆d is 2.24, where f > 95%, it is 1.19; that is, the evaporation of raindrops increases by 1% and the reduction in the excess of mercury by about 2‰. (4) Local meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity) and raindrop diameter have a cross-influence on below-cloud evaporation, with relative humidity having the most significant effect, with the highest correlation coefficient of 3.03 when relative humidity is less than 70%. The results of the study can provide a parameter basis for hydrological and climatic models in the Yellow River Basin.     

Temporal dynamics,meteorological effects,secondary organic aerosol estimation,and source identification of size-segregated carbonaceous aerosols

During the period 2019–2020, size-segregated aerosol samples containing elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) were investigated. These samples were collected weekly using an eight-stage cascade impactor from an urban site located at Aksaray University, Aksaray. The quantification of EC and OC was carried out through a thermal-optical transmission device. The results revealed consistent size distribution attributes of EC and OC between winter and summer. Although EC accounted for an insignificant percentage (4.4%) of particulate matter (PM) in the PM_9.0–10.0 fraction during winter, a more substantial portion of OC in the same fraction (13.4%) comprised EC. Seasonal variations were distinct for EC but not significant for OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC were observed in coarse particle fractions, indicating a common source, with weaker correlations in fine particles. The highest OC/EC ratio was in the PM_0.43–0.65 fraction, followed by PM_2.1–3.3. The ratio of OC to EC in fine PM exceeded the threshold of 15 consistently. The observation indicates that as particle size increases, there is a noticeable decline in the OC to EC ratios. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) accounted for 60.8% (winter) and 89.8% (summer) of OC values, emphasizing the substantial impact of SOA on Aksaray's atmosphere. Both seasons exhibited a multimodal distribution of ambient OC. In winter, the EC distribution was dominated by fine particles, with a bimodal pattern (PM_1.1–2.1 and PM_0.43–0.65 peaks). Common pollutant sources, including traffic emissions, road dust, biogenic emissions, and coal combustion, were identified for both seasons in coarse and fine particle fractions. These findings underscore the importance of emission control strategies targeting fine PM in Aksaray.     

台风防灾减灾信息系统

近年台风造成沿海严重经济损失,并诱发副热带高压偏移及四川盆地持续高温、旱灾,引起社会关注。2007年,我国即将发射环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座,也亟需抓紧时间作好前期准备,促进“台风防灾、减灾信息系统”更臻完善。本文提出五项技术关键,呼吁信息共享跨学科、跨部门通力合作。     

刚果（金）如瓦西铜-钴矿床表生成矿过程及其勘探意义

中非成矿带刚果（金）如瓦西（Ruashi）铜-钴矿床经历了表生成矿作用,但其研究薄弱。在野外地质调查、室内矿物学观察和矿山生产勘探的基础上,对如瓦西铜-钴矿床的表生分带组构与次生富集规律进行研究。结果表明,该矿床原生矿体由黄铜矿、斑铜矿、硫铜钴矿等含铜硫化物矿物组成,矿石品位铜在1%~2%、钴在0.1%~0.3%范围内。矿床在近地表发生表生氧化作用后,上部形成了氧化带,可进一步划分为3个亚带：（1）完全氧化亚带;（2）淋滤亚带;（3）次生氧化物富集亚带。上部完全氧化亚带发育富钴氧化物堆积体“矿帽”（钴品位在1%~3%,部分可达12%）,淋滤亚带几乎不含铜、钴金属矿物,次生富集氧化物亚带由孔雀石、硅孔雀石、蓝铜矿、胆矾、水胆矾等氧化物矿物和碳酸盐矿物组成,矿石品位铜在5%~10%、钴在0.8%~1.0%范围内,相对原生矿石富集了3~5倍。下部为次生硫化物富集带,出现蓝铜矿、辉铜矿等次生硫化物矿物,矿石品位铜在3%~5%、钴在0.3%~0.8%范围内,相对原生硫化矿富集了1~3倍。综合分析认为,如瓦西铜-钴矿床表生成矿作用受岩石地层、地质构造和地下水等因素的控制,次生富集作用明显提高了矿石品位和矿床开发价值,形成了氧化物富铜-钴矿、硫化物富铜-钴矿和碳酸盐岩接触带附近的氧化物富铜矿及黑色富钴矿等类型的高-特高品位矿体。经勘探验证,在矿区深边部新揭露高品位矿石资源量256万吨,平均品位铜为3.68%、钴为0.44%,可采储量143万吨,平均品位铜为3.53%、钴为0.32%。该研究可为矿区及区域同类型矿山硫化矿演化成氧化矿的表生富集过程及深边部找矿预测提供科学依据。     

内蒙古水泉沟地区化探次生晕找矿效果浅析

水泉沟矿区在找矿初期,开展了 1∶1万次生晕地球化学测量扫面工作.通过对该区异常的分析、筛选、野外地表检查、评价,圈定综合异常4处.为了对综合异常成因进一步的了解,对矿区圈定的异常区重点地段进一步开展了大比例尺(1∶2000)次生晕和地质综合剖面测量,详细的分解和解剖了异常地质成因,明确了区内的找矿方向,选定了下一步找...     

南印度洋副热带偶极子型海温异常与全球环流和我国降水变化的关系

用1951~2001年观测资料,研究了南印度洋副热带偶极子型(IOSD)海温异常对全球500hPa环流和我国降水的影响.结果表明,冬季IOSD激发出极显著的南北半球环绕太平洋的波列结构(CP),其年际变化周期是2.0和6.5 a,与赤道中东太平洋海温也有密切联系.北半球冬季异常峰值后的第二年春季欧亚中高纬度地区500 hPa环流出现显著的EUP型低频流型持续异常,同时中太平洋和北美地区出现CPNP流型和澳大利亚南部的南半球中高纬地区呈现极显著的西南太平洋遥相关型(SWP).当冬季赤道南印度洋副热带呈极显著的西负东正海温距平分布时,后期春季欧亚中高纬地区负EUP型遥相关波列持续偏强,导致东亚大槽明显偏弱,长江以北地区(特别是黄河中上游地区)多雨.反之,春季东亚大槽加强且稳定,我国东部地区大范围少雨.它反映了南印度洋地区海气系统相互作用与东亚热带内外环流低频变化的联系.因此,上一年冬季南印度洋副热带偶极子型(IOSD)海温异常强度是预测春季华北地区旱涝变化的重要因子之一.     

2006年锡林郭勒盟地区一次特强沙尘暴天气分析

对2006年3月26—27日发生在锡林郭勒盟大部地区的特强沙尘暴进行了天气学分析,结果发现:本次过程受蒙古副气旋的影响,特强沙尘暴出现在气旋中心轴线附近和轴线偏南的地区;26日夜间蒙古副气旋东移受北路冷空气补充后,进一步发展在东北形成冷涡,锡林郭勒盟东北部地区出现明显的降雪;乌拉盖开发区出现大雪,东乌珠穆沁旗出现雪暴。     

米仓山-大巴山前陆盆地下沙溪庙组高分辨率层序地层学特征

通过基准面旋回结构、叠加样式的沉积动力学分析．结合地表露头、钻井岩芯、测井资料的综合研究,运用高分辨率层序地层学理论和技术方法将米仓山-大巴山前陆盆地中侏罗统下沙溪庙组划分为1个长期、2个中期和10余个短期旋回层序;较为详细地讨论了短期、中期和长期旋回层序的结构类型、沉积序列和叠加样式;建立以长期旋回层序界面和最大洪泛面为等时地层格架,以中期旋回层序为等时地层单元的层序地层格架,以及地层格架中生储盖组合特征,认为下沙溪庙组下部具备良好的油气储、盖组合和形成大、中型次生油气藏的务件。     

基于二次重现期的多变量洪水风险评估

由于洪水是一种具有多个特征属性的随机事件,频率分析成为洪水风险评估的一种有效手段,多变量重现期与设计值的定义与计算则是洪水频率分析中的重点和难点.本文通过构造洪水历时、洪峰与洪量的联合分布,介绍了一种新的多变量重现期定义——二次重现期,并探讨了"或"重现期、"且"重现期和二次重现期对安全与危险域识别的差异性,以及在洪水风险管理与工程设计中的合理性与可靠性.传统的"或"和"且"多变量重现期对安全与危险域的识别存在局限性,利用Kendall函数定义的二次重现期则提供了更加合理的安全与风险域识别,避免了对安全事件与危险事件的错误判定,更有利于指导洪水风险的管理.在给定的二次重现期条件下,依据出现概率最大原则推算的历时、洪峰与洪量设计值组合可以满足工程设计以较低成本承受较大风险的追求,相比于单变量设计值,考虑了洪水多个属性联合特征的多变量设计值提供了更加全面和可靠的参考信息.