山东东营凹陷八面河油田稠油成因分析

东营凹陷八面河地区原油物性呈规律性的变化,偏离生油中心的构造高部位主要分布稠油,靠近生油中心的构造低部位主要分布正常油。对原油族组成与化学成分的分析表明,八面河油田稠油具有低饱芳比、饱和烃含量低、链烷烃与低分子量萘、菲等轻质馏分严重缺失等轻度-中等降解油特征,邻区草桥油田稠油含较为完整的生物降解标志物--25-降藿烷系列,系严重降解油,反映该区稠油的形成与次生变化有关。同区具有相同或相似油气成因的沙子岭原油的成熟度（C₂₉甾烷ααα20S/(S+R)值为0.24~0.25）低于八面河的（C₂₉甾烷ααα20S/(S+R)值为0.31~0.44）,为典型未熟-低熟油。沙子岭的轻度或未降解油同样表现为正常油,反映八面河地区低温成烃与稠油无必然的联系,进一步验证八面河稠油主系次生成因。处于构造高部位的油藏由于埋深浅、保存条件差,导致水洗、生物降解等次生变化相对较强,最终形成稠油。     

三角洲前缘砂体中石油二次运移与聚集过程物理模拟及结果分析

物理模拟是阐明油气二次运移的效率、机理及其在圈闭中的聚集过程的一个重要途径。针对三角洲前缘砂体这种最有利于油气藏形成的砂体类型,设计了石油在多层均质砂层构成的指状非均质储层运移物理模拟实验模型,来考查石油二次运移的通道、效率和速率。实验表明,石油二次运移的通道十分有限,石油在砂状体的最凸出部位进入储层后,主要沿指状砂体中央有限的通道（约5cm宽）由油源向圈闭运移,而且运移速度很快,约1．4cm/min,通道上含油饱和度较低,约16％。当到达顶部的封闭层后,石油开始聚集成藏。这就表明了石油二次运移、聚集成藏具有沿着有限通道快速、高效运移、聚集成藏的特征,揭示了石油运移“高速公路”的存在和油藏形成与大量排烃同步这一成藏规律。     

南华北盆地谭庄凹陷下白垩统储层类型及次生孔隙成因

通过岩心观察、岩心物性统计和薄片鉴定等方法,对谭庄凹陷下白垩统碎屑岩储层类型及次生孔隙成因进行了研究。结果表明：谭庄凹陷下白垩统埋藏经历了早、中成岩阶段,目前处于中成岩A阶段。下白垩统砂岩储层类型主要有原生和次生孔隙,经历了由原生到次生的演化过程;不同井区成岩阶段不同,原生到次生孔隙的演化程度也存在差异。铸体薄片、扫描电镜的研究结果表明：谭庄凹陷下白垩统砂岩储层存在3个次生孔隙带,并且每口井的次生孔隙发育程度存在差别。次生孔隙的形成与长石、岩屑、石英的溶蚀,粘土矿物的脱水以及油气的充注密切相关;不同探井、不同井段砂岩次生孔隙的形成原因具有差异,长石、岩屑的溶蚀占主导地位,石英和粒间粘土杂基的溶蚀作用次之。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne .     

2010年1月鄂东一次暴雪过程中尺度分析

利用常规观测资料及NCEP／GFS再分析资料,对2010年1月5—6日发生在湖北东部的暴雪过程进行中尺度分析。结果表明：500hPa北支槽后干冷空气配合南支槽前西南暖湿气流形成的冷暖交汇以及850hPa低涡北抬发展是产生暴雪的主要天气背景;200hPa高空急流、700hPa西南急流、925hPa东北气流、850hPa气流汇合区、700hPa及850hPa露点锋、锋生次级环流、风向随高度强烈顺转的垂直风切变以及地面中尺度辐合区的有利空间配置,对暴雪预报具有重要指示意义。此外,在上述研究的基础上对此次暴雪过程的三维物理模型进行了总结。     

一次冬季暴雪过程锋生次级环流的诊断分析

利用Ｓａｗｙｅｒ－Ｅｌｉａｓｓｅｎ次级环流方程讨论了一次冬季暴雪过程中由地转强迫、非地转强迫以及非绝热加热和总的强迫所引起的次级环流，并指出南北方和上下层次级环流的有利配置对暴雪的形成起了促进作用。     

对称扰动与纬向基流的相互作用I.倾斜E-P通量理论

该文对对称扰动与纬向基流的相互作用理论进行了深入的研究。这里是该文的第一部分,将Ｅ－Ｐ通量理论引入到中尺度对称扰动的动力学模型中,重新定义Ｅ－Ｐ通量为“倾斜Ｅ－Ｐ通量”。采用“倾斜Ｅ－Ｐ通量”的新概念,详细讨论了影响平均基流的几个因子作用。特别在中尺度系统对动量、热量的垂直输送项改变影响环境风场、温度场方面进行了讨论。     

大气环流降尺度因子在中国东部夏季降水预测中的作用

本文将1951～2007年500 hPa 格点资料构成的表征区域系统的环流特征量作为降尺度因子, 使用降尺度技术和偏最小二乘回归方法, 以环流特征量作为因子场, 建立逐月的我国东部夏季降水量的预报模型。从最佳预报模型中的环流特征量出现频率的角度, 对大气环流降尺度因子在我国东部夏季降水预测中的作用进行分析研究。结果表明, 在夏季各个月份的预报模型中, 出现频率表现最突出的因子是北半球和东半球副高系统。此外, 东亚地区副高系统也起十分重要的作用, 特别是西太平洋副高强度和面积指数。     

Vertical Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds in Suburban Shanghai

As Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) are one of the precursors of ozone, their distribution and variable concentrations are highly related to local ozone pollution control. In this study, we obtained vertical profiles of VOCs in Shanghai's Jinshan district on 8 September and 9 September in 2016 to investigate their distribution and impact on local atmospheric oxidation in the near surface layer. Vertical samples were collected from heights between 50 m and 400 m by summa canisters using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). Concentrations of VOCs(VOCs refers to the 52 species measured in this study) varied minimally below 200 m, and decreased by 21.2% from 100 m to 400 m. The concentrations of VOCs above 200 m decreased significantly in comparison to those below 200 m. The proportions of alkanes and aromatics increased from 55.2% and 30.5% to 57.3% and 33.0%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of alkenes decreased from 13.2% to 8.4%. Toluene and m/p-xylene were the key species in the formation of SOA and ozone. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the VOCs measured in this study mainly originated from industrial emissions.     

Characteristics of Chemical Speciation in PM_1 in Six Representative Regions in China

A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events. In this study, we examine the temporal and spatial variations in both PM_1 and its major chemical constituents using three-year field measurements that were collected in six representative regions in China between 2012 and 2014. Our results show that both PM_1 and its chemical compositions varied significantly in space and time, with high PM_1 loadings mainly observed in the winter. By comparing chemical constituents between clean and polluted episodes, we find that the elevated PM_1 mass concentration during pollution events should be largely attributable to significant increases in organic matter(OM) and inorganic aerosols like sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA),indicative of the critical role of primary emissions and secondary aerosols in elevating PM_1 pollution levels. The ratios of PM_1/PM_(2.5) are found to be generally high in Shanghai and Guangzhou, while relatively low ratios are seen in Xi'an and Chengdu, indicating anthropogenic emissions were more likely to accumulate in forms of finer particles. With respect to the relative importance of chemical components and meteorological factors quantified via statistical modeling practices, we find that primary emissions and secondary aerosols were the two leading factors contributing to PM_1 variations, though meteorological factors also played important roles in regulating the dispersion of atmospheric PM.