我国华北地区春季降水的年代际变化特征及其可能成因的探讨

利用我国160个台站1951~2000年逐月和华北地区80个台站逐日降水观测资料,分析了我国,特别是华北地区春季降水的年代际变化特征。分析结果表明:华北地区春季降水具有明显的年代际变化,1951~1965年华北地区春季降水略偏少,1966~1976年华北地区春季降水更加偏少,春旱较严重,1977~2000年为华北春季降水明显偏多,这时期5~6月降水比1966~1976年有明显增多;并且,分析结果也表明了华北地区和黄河流域春季降水存在着与夏季降水相反的年代际变化特征。另外,作者还利用欧洲中心ERA40资料集的1958~2000年月平均700 hPa风场再分析资料,分析了东亚上空春季700 hPa风场的年代际异常情况,从而来探讨华北地区春季降水年代际变化的成因。其分析结果表明:1965年以前,蒙古高原上空存在着明显的反气旋距平环流,我国华北地区有偏北风距平,这使得我国华北地区在1965年以前春季降水偏少;1966~1976年,我国华北地区仍为偏北风距平,且我国东部沿海到南海上空的偏北风距平增强,这使得华北地区春季降水进一步减少;1977~2000年,东亚上空700 hPa环流场发生了一个明显的变化,华北地区出现偏南风距平,且我国东部沿海到南海上空的偏南风距平增强,这使得我国南方暖湿气流易输送到华北地区,从而造成我国华北地区春季降水增加。     

1991～2004年不同环流背景下南宁市降水化学成分变化特征的研究

利用1991～2004年广西南宁市降水化学成分资料,结合NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,分析了不同大气环流背景下南宁市降水化学成分的变化特征。结果表明,南宁市的酸雨属硫酸型,酸雨的形成与大气环流密切相关,影响南宁市酸雨的大气环流主要是高空槽锋面,其次是高压后部和热带气旋,受高空槽锋面特别是东路冷空气影响时,出现酸雨的频率最高,pH值最小,雨水中SO4^2-明显增多,热带气旋降水时,雨水酸度最轻,离子浓度甚至比高空槽锋面影响低2～3倍。     

水库诱发地震的水二级相变孕震模型

文中讨论了库水渗漏在水库诱发地震中的作用,经过分析研究现有的水库诱发地震资料及相关理论,类比蒸汽锅炉与重力热管的热工原理,提出了水库地震成因的超临界水二级相变孕震模型。模型在水库孕震的各阶段表现为:初始阶段,渗漏水在压力注射和重力作用下形成水塞密封盖层,在超临界温区的地层裂隙中引发二级相变循环对流;孕育阶段,地层原生裂隙在高围压条件下形成应力腐蚀、化学蚀变、温差应力破碎作用,从而原生裂隙更加发育,制造了更大的对流循环通道;临震突变阶段,在热管下部热交换区内的临界水热通量剧增,超临界水发生横向流动,向封盖层外部扩散;发震阶段,在超临界水重力热管的通量和热管上部交换区所形成的压力,超过地层或封盖层的破坏极限时,推动上部地层做活塞运动导致地震     

3-D BAROCLINIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I. UPPER CIRCULATION

A three-dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model was employed to simulate the seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea (SCS) upper circulation. The results showed that: in summer, an anticyclonic eddy, after its formation between the Bashi Channel and Dongsha Islands in the northeastern SCS, moves southwestward until it disperses slowly. There exists a northward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula in the western SCS and an anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. But at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, a weak local cyclonic eddy forms in the Nansha Trough, then grows slowly and moves westward till it becomes a cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS in autumn. At the beginning of winter, there exists a cyclonic gyre in the northern and southern SCS, and there is a southward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula. But at the end of winter, an anticyclonic eddy grows and moves toward the western boundary after forming in the Nansha Trough. The eddy‘s movement induces a new opposite sign eddy on its eastern side, while the strength of the southward western boundary current gets weakened. This phenomenon continues till spring and causes eddies in the southern SCS.     

“95.8”川西大暴雨成因分析

通过对“９５．８”大暴雨过程的全面技术总结，揭示了多种尺度系统间相互作用对产生大暴雨过程的贡献，并指出了云团的发生及其发展源于北方冷空气和南方低空急流持续影响所形成的两个中间尺度垂直环流。     

黄金新药源与豫西含金植物

黄金可以入药，历代本草均有记载。但因不溶性金被人体吸收极微，内服有一定毒性，加之其价格昂贵及一些药理学和比较复杂的检测处理与技术加工问题，不能普遍应用。自然界许多动植物都是聚金能手，特别是生长于富金岩石及金矿床风化土壤中的植物含金一般较高，部分动物因以含金植物为食，体内也含一定量的金，并且有些动植物本身就是中药材和食物。据此建议采取一定手段将含金较高、但未达工业品级的岩石，通过生物循环把金聚集至动、植物体内，金与动植物体内蛋白质等有机质结合成金的有机络合物，将此类动植物用于医疗或食疗，既可减小金的毒性，便于人体吸收，又可把未达工业品级的含金岩石利用起来。豫西某构造蚀变岩金矿，其上覆土壤中生长着含金植物，这些植物灰分中含金４×１０－９～９８×１０－９，其中以野苋菜的籽和叶灰分中含金最高（含金７５×１０－９～９８×１０－９），看来在本区用野苋菜籽和叶灰分中金含量进行找矿是可行的     

CJF-12型冲击反循环钻机在浅海施工工艺

在浅海岸边进行钻机作业,由于海平面水位不稳定,采用6BS反循环泵已不合适。在工作实践中,将原施工工艺改进为气举反循环,此方法不仅没有降低原钻机的施工性能,而且快捷、方便,经济效益显著。     

Fine-resolution simulation of surface current and sea ice in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas

A fine-resolution model is developed for ocean circulation simulation in the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is applied to simulate surface current and sea ice variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. A dynamic sea ice model in elastic-viscous-plastic rheology and a thermodynamic sea ice model are employed. A 200-year simulation is performed and a dimatological average of a 10-year period (141st-150th) is presented with focus on sea ice concentration and surface current variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. The model is able to simulate well the East Greenland Current, Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift, but the simulated West Spitsbergen Current is small and weak. In the March climatology, the sea ice coverage can be simulated well except for a bit more ice in east of Spitsbergen Island. The result is also good for the September scenario except for less ice concentration east of Greenland and greater ice concentration near the ice margin. The extra ice east of Spitsbergen Island is caused by sea ice current convergence forced by atmospheric wind stress.     

Member 1 of Yongji Formation (Ey1) sedimentary characteristics and its origin analysis in Yitong Graben

Ey1 has the unique desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection structure as its one of the most important characteristics. It is very important to clarify sedimentary characteristics and its origin for Yitong Graben and its sedimentary facies and tectonic evolution. On the basis of the research of core analyses, well logging data analyses, sedimentary facies analyses and seismic reflection structure analyses, the authors have concluded the sedimentary characteristics of Ey1, and have carried out Ey1 sedimentary environments and its origin. The result shows that Ey1 desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection may be a series of small scale secondary sediment fans superimposition.     

The Tropical Pacific–Indian Ocean Associated Mode Simulated by LICOM2.0

Oceanic general circulation models have become an important tool for the study of marine status and change. This paper reports a numerical simulation carried out using LICOM2.0 and the forcing field from CORE. When compared with SODA reanalysis data and ERSST.v3 b data, the patterns and variability of the tropical Pacific–Indian Ocean associated mode(PIOAM) are reproduced very well in this experiment. This indicates that, when the tropical central–western Indian Ocean and central–eastern Pacific are abnormally warmer/colder, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific are correspondingly colder/warmer. This further confirms that the tropical PIOAM is an important mode that is not only significant in the SST anomaly field, but also more obviously in the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly field. The surface associated mode index(SAMI) and the thermocline(i.e., subsurface) associated mode index(TAMI) calculated using the model output data are both consistent with the values of these indices derived from observation and reanalysis data. However, the model SAMI and TAMI are more closely and synchronously related to each other.