Periodicities in Global Mean TEC from GNSS Observations

As an important measurement parameter, global total electron content (TEC) is appropriate for the study of the Sun–Earth connection. In this paper, the wavelet technique is employed to investigate the periodicities in global mean TEC during 1995–2008. Analysis results show several remarkable components (including 27-day, semiannual and annual cycles) existing in global mean TEC with obvious time-variable characteristics, besides 11-year cycle. After analyzing sunspot numbers and solar extreme ultra-violet (EUV) radiation variations during this time period, except for semiannual variations, close correlation between global mean TEC and solar variations is found, especially, a strong resemblance of the 27-day fluctuation exists in global mean TEC, sunspot and solar EUV radiation variations.     

三维F－K域DMO方法及应用效果

在常速情况下,从三维时距方程出发,通过倾角代换,将三维倾角时差分裂为两个正交方向上的二维倾角时差,然后在这两个正交方向上分别做一次二维倾角时差校正,便可达到三维倾角时差校正的目的．应用实例表明这种三维ＤＭＯ分裂方法是切实有效的．     

近50年鄱阳湖流域径流变化特征研究

利用鄱阳湖流域1955-2003年3个主要水文站(外洲、李家渡、梅港)月径流实测资料,采用统计方法和小波方法,分析近50年该流域径流的年内、年际和周期变化特征.结果表明:鄱阳湖流域年内最大径流主要出现在4月、5月或6月;就季节变化而言,春季径流量最大,夏季次之,秋季和冬季较小.径流年际变化在开始较长时段呈增长趋势,1998年出现转折,之后递减,下降速度略低于前期增长速度.外洲等3水文站存在25～26 a的第一主周期,8 a和3～4 a的次主周期,周期变化基本一致.通过对相应影响因素的分析,发现该流域径流变化是气候、流域覆被和水利工程等多种因素共同作用的结果,而气候因素中的降水和蒸发起着主要作用.     

SEARCHING METHODS FOR RAPID GRID INTERPOLATION*

A widely used method for grid interpretation from a set of discrete sample points is based on the inverse distanceweighted model. This method requires the identification of k-nearest sample points for each grid point, probably the most time-consuming portion of the grid interpolation process. Three searching methods for identifying the k-nearest sample points are discussed and compared. Two of these methods were consistenty faster without sacrificing accuracy than the brute-force searching method, and one method was from one to over 90 times faster than the brute-force searching method.     

小波检验方法在国内业务模式中的最新应用研究进展

本文主要介绍小波检验方法在国内区域业务模式中的最新应用研究进展,该方法被应用于模式降水预报的个例检验和统计检验,并针对两种解决二元域限制问题的技术方案进行阐述和讨论。结果表明：D8小波可以提供一种从不同降水率阈值和空间尺度对模式定量降水预报进行评估的方案,该方案首先对预报场和分析场进行阈值获得二进制误差场,再对二进制误差场进行尺度分解,从而可以评估模式在各个降水率阈值和空间尺度上的预报技巧和偏差。统计检验结果显示模式对较大尺度降水事件表现出较高的预报技巧评分,较小尺度降水事件和强降水的预报技巧评分相对较低,并且总体上呈现出预报降水事件多于观测降水事件的特征。Padding方案和Tiling方案对应的模式统计检验结果并无明显差异,由于后者不对原始降水场做任何改变,因此是一种更为稳健和可靠的方案。     

Variation characteristics of evaporation in the Gulang River Basin during 1959-2013

Based on monthly evaporation of two meteorological stations in the Gulang River Basin of China, the inter-annual variation of evaporation during 1959-2013 were analyzed using Mann-Kendall and wavelet analysis. The results demonstrated that the annual evaporation show a fluctuating increase over the past 50 years approximately, with an average increase rate of 4.26 mm per decade. The overall trend was decrease-increase-decrease. According to the cumulative anomaly curve,the turning point of the annual evaporation occurred in 1979, in which the evaporation increased in the early stage and decreased in the later stage. Meanwhile, the seasonal variation of the evaporation shows that it decreased in Spring and Autumn, and increased in Summer and Winter, especially obvious for the later. The evaporation abruptly changed in Spring and Summer in 2008 and in Winter in 1994. In addition, all evaporation increased after the changes. However,the evaporation in Autumn abruptly changed in 1986 and 1999, which show a trend of increase-decrease-increase.Wavelet analysis shows that evaporation in Summer and wet season would decrease in the next few years, and in the other seasons would increase. Based on the aforementioned analysis, it can be concluded that increased evaporation is mainly induced by increase of evaporation in dry season, especially in Winter, and this trend to be continued in the future for the Gulang River Basin.     

LOCATING EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN URBAN AREAS TO MINIMIZE TRAVEL TIME

The transportation requirements of an urban area are, in part, a function of its land use pattern. Reducing travel in an urban area by effective land use design appears to be a worthwhile public policy objective. The planning model derived in this article uses as its core the matrix version of the Lowry model developed by Garin. The model allocates basic employment to the zones of an urban area in order to minimize work and service trips. A hypothetical planning problem for Metropolitan Toronto illustrates use of the model.     

角度域广义Radon变换多参数非迭代线性反演

基于Born近似的线性反演是当前流行的定量化地震成像与反演方法, 然而, 现有线性反演方法存在多种不可避免的问题, 比如迭代计算成本过高, 背景模型依赖, 以及多参数提取不确定/不稳定.为避免这些问题, 本文提出了角度域广义Radon变换(AD-GRT)多参数非迭代反演方法(2D声波双参数介质).AD-GRT是一种地震数据与角度域模型之间的积分变换, 该角度域模型能够保留地震散射数据的完整信息.基于该角度域模型, 地震数据可被精确重建, 即使背景模型是错误的.介质双扰动参数可在角度域模型中准确且稳定提取.为解决传统角度域离散方法存在的幅值震荡和不连续问题, 设计了两种有效的角度域离散单元分裂方法, 实现了平滑连续的角度域幅值提取.为提高AD-GRT反演的分辨率, 考虑了震源子波反滤波.利用三个数值模型验证了AD-GRT在角度域模型反演、数据重建、多参数提取方面的有效性.

     

新一代"西北干旱监测预测业务服务综合系统"

新一代“西北干旱监测预测服务综合业务系统”,是一个具有较好物理基础,较强的监测、预测、服务能力,较高自动化程度并具有西北地域特色的业务服务综合系统。本系统以短期气候预测为依托,集气象信息采集、加工、信息存储为一体,并充分利用互联网技术和已有的系统、资料及信息,吸纳了项目其它子专题的系统和成果,节省了计算机海量空间,避免了许多重复劳动,在近几年日常监测、预测业务服务工作中发挥了积极作用。