傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱的地球化学意义及其在油气勘探中的应用前景

NSO杂原子化合物在烃源岩和原油中通常只占很小的一部分,但其包含重要的地质地球化学信息。由于组成复杂且难以分离,对该类化合物的组成研究相对薄弱。电喷雾电离源（ESI）结合傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）是一种新型检测石油组分的手段,具有选择性电离、超高质谱分辨率和质量精度等特征,非常适合检测石油复杂基质中微量NSO极性杂原子化合物分子组成,近年来开始应用于油气勘探领域。结合对塔里木盆地海相油与陆相油、辽河稠油等样品的FT-ICR MS分析,发现原油中NSO化合物受母源岩与油气成因类型、成熟度、油气运移示踪及硫酸盐热化学还原反应（TSR）控制,可提供相关的识别与评价信息,显示FT-ICR MS在油气地球化学理论研究和油气勘探中具有潜在的应用价值。     

A new bounding surface model for thermal cyclic behaviour

To accurately predict soil volume changes under thermal cycles is of great importance for analysing the performance of many earth structures such as the energy pile and energy storage system. Most of the existing thermo‐mechanical models focus on soil behaviour under monotonic thermal loading only, and they are not able to capture soil volume changes under thermal cycles. In this study, a constitutive model is proposed to simulate volume changes of saturated soil subjected to cyclic heating and cooling. Two surfaces are defined and used: a bounding surface and a memory surface. The bounding surface and memory surface are mainly controlled by the preconsolidation pressure (a function of plastic volumetric strain) and the maximum stress experienced by the soil, respectively. Under thermal cycles, the distance of the two surfaces and plastic modulus increase with an accumulation of plastic strain. By adopting the double surface concept, a new elastoplastic model is derived from an existing single bounding surface thermo‐mechanical model. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental results reveal that the proposed model is able to capture soil volume changes under thermal cycles well. The plastic strain accumulates under thermal cycles, but at a decreasing rate, until stabilization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南水北调对长江口粗颗粒悬沙来量的影响

探索了长江南水北调占总径流量10%情况下对长江粗颗粒悬沙(≥0.05mm)入海数量变化的可能影响。研究表明:南水北调对入海细颗粒泥沙的影响主要为南沙北调,但数量较小,在1%左右,而对粗颗粒悬沙的影响主要表现在入海流量减少导致的水体挟沙能力的降低。通过建立大通站典型枯水年(1978),平水年(1987)及洪水年(1983)月平均流量与月平均床沙质输沙率相关曲线,估算出各典型年在典型流量23000m3/s,30000m3/s与40000m3/s水平下调水流量3000m3/s时导致的入海床沙质输沙率的变化。结果表明,输沙率的相对变化在-39%至-24%之间,且在较高的流量水平下,输沙率相对变化较小,但绝对变化增大,经大通入海的床沙质数量每年约减少2350～4700万t.     

西藏高原大地电磁深探测———亚东—巴木错沿线地区壳幔电性结构

摘 要　 展示了超宽频带大地电磁深探测所获得的西藏亚东—巴木错沿线地区电性结构图像; 阐述了西藏中、南部特殊的壳幔电性特征。     

中国北方超大型热水沉积硫化物矿床成矿模式

中国北方超大型热水沉积硫化物矿床成矿模式李英祁思敬（西安地质学院，西安７１００５４）关键词超大型矿床热水沉积作用大陆边缘盆地热旋回中国北方超大型热水沉积硫化物矿床（ＳＥＤＥＸ）集中产出于华北地台北缘西段与扬子地台北缘西段，即秦岭与狼山两区。可确定的矿...     

有限差分偏移截断误差及其传递因子相角分析

讨论截断误差与误差传递因子相角的影响与决定因素 ,以寻求有限差分波动偏移的合理采样步长。用三种波场函数来模拟实际波场进行理论计算。结果表明 :时间采样步长Δt是截断误差的主导因素 ,空间采样步长Δx(横向 )和Δz(深度方向 ) ,尤其是Δx影响甚小。依据空间点变化时截断误差的变化规律 ,提出了变步长偏移法。分析误差传递因子相角等因素对有限差分波动方程偏移造成的相位畸变问题 ,找到相应规律。综合考虑截断误差及误差传递因子相角 ,给出了合理采样步长。     

现代松粉热模拟产气态烃、气态非烃及水分特征

研究表明,现代松粉热模拟实验释放水的产出分两个阶段,两类水,第一阶段,４００℃以前释放水为松粉内部以水分子形式存在的结合水,呈弱酸性（ｐＨ＝６）,为第一类水,第二阶段,４００℃以上温度释放水为松粉内部和高岭石内部结构水（－ＯＨ）,呈弱碱性（ｐＨ＝９）,为第二类水,现代松粉热模拟实验产出气体量随温度升主呈逐渐上升趋势,４５０℃以后上升梯度突然增大,所产气体分为两大类：Ｉ类为无机气体,由Ｎ２、Ｈ２和ＣＯ２气体组成,以ＣＯ２相对丰度最主为特征。ＣＯ２气主要来自有机酸的脱羧反应和离子太氧与有机质氧化还原反应产出ＣＯ２。Ｈ２气主要来自孢粉和烃,Ｃ４～Ｃ６异构饱和烃及丙烯、丁烯不饱和烃等分子物标志物,其中以甲烷相对丰度最高为特征,气态有机烃来自孢粉内有机物的热降解产物,松粉 拟实验中丰富的气态有机烃和无机气体的检测出,为研     

变质作用P—T—t轨迹若干问题评述

着重介绍了目前变质作用P－T─t轨迹研究在变质作用温压确定、变质作用不同阶段时间标定、变质作用动态演化过程的组构标志、变质作用演化热模拟以及变质作用P─T─t轨迹与大地构造环境之间关系等方面所存在的若干问题。     

Sedimentary Features of Shallow Ancient River Channels on the Northern Shelf of the South China Sea

Quaternary buried ancient river channels are widespread in the shallow-level sediments of the northern shelf of the South China Sea. The sedimentary sequence mainly of fluvial deposits comprise an important component part of the low-stand system tract and transgressive system tract in the study region. The plannar variation and spatial association of the sedimentary features such as incised valley fillings, deltaic foreset wedges and block slides of shelf-marginal fans reflect the palaeogeographic environment during the fall of the regional sea level in the northern part of the South China Sea. Based on the high-resolution seismic reflection data and gelogical data from boreholes, the present paper makes an integrated interpretation of the Quaternary ancient river channels in the shallow sediments of the study area, studies the sedimentary features of the ancient channels such as their spatial distribution, seismic facies reflection indicators, sedimentary facies and sand -body types, and discusses thei