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71.
K. G. Robertson 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1990,12(1-2):3-8
Accurate navigation forms an essential part of all research at sea and the deep ocean imposes it's own unique problems. This chapter discusses several of the techniques in current use on the research vessels of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), concentrating on those systems which provide global navigation facilities, as opposed to the more localised, coastal aids. Whilst most of the systems rely on surface propagation of radio waves, the use of acoustics and sea-bed mapping instruments constitute accurate alternatives for some sub-sea applications. 相似文献
72.
Sea ice characteristics between the middle Weddell Sea and the Prydz Bay, Antarctica during the austral summer of 2003 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The antarctic sea ice was investigated upon five occasions between January 4 and February 15, 2003. The investigations included: (1) estimation of sea ice distribution by ship-based observations between the middle Weddell Sea and the Prydz Bay; (2) estimation of sea ice distribution by aerial photography in the Prydz Bay; (3) direct measurements of fast ice thickness and snow cover, as well as ice core sampling in Nella Fjord; (4) estimation of melting sea ice distribution near the Zhongshan Station; and (5) observation of sea ice early freeze near the Zhongshan Station. On average, sea ice covered 14.4% of the study area. The highest sea ice concentration (80%) was observed in the Weddell Sea. First-year ice was dominant (99.7%-99.8%). Sea ice distributions in the Prydz Bay were more variable due to complex inshore topography, proximity of the Larsemann Hills, and/or grounded icebergs. The average thickness of landfast ice in NeUa Fjord was 169.5 cm. Wind-blown snow redistribution plays an important role in affecting the ice thickness in Nella Fjord. Preliminary freezing of sea ice near the Zhongshan Station follows the first two phases of the pancake cycle. 相似文献
73.
海洋环流模式中不同近似假设下的海表高度 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Boussinesq近似是现代海洋环流模式中经常采用的假设,但随着海洋模式的不断发展完善以及气候研究应用的需要,有必要估算Boussinesq近似造成的模式误差。分别利用一个非Boussinesq近似的海洋模式与另一个结构相同且采用Boussinesq近似的模式计算海表高度,并同时利用模式预报的温度、盐度资料计算了比容异常高度。分析结果显示,这3种不同定义的海表高度无论空间结构,还是时间演变,都基本类似,尤其在热带海区最接近,差值≤1cm。Boussinesq近似意味着在模式中以体积守恒代替质量守恒,通常的做法是对其进行简单的质量补偿来保持质量守恒。比较说明,以质量补偿方法进行的高度订正对减小Boussinesq近似带来的误差没有本质的意义。 相似文献
74.
河口区治江围涂对杭州湾水动力及海床影响分析 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
自二十世纪六十年代起,钱塘江河口进行了大规模治江围涂,人类活动对杭州湾水域的影响越来越为人们关注。基于实测资料的分析和潮汐水流数学模型计算,探讨了钱塘江河口区围涂对杭州湾水域潮汐水流和海床的影响。研究成果可为钱塘江河口和杭州湾的进一步开发治理和环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
75.
海沧邻近海域表层沉积物中重矿物研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对厦门海沧邻近海域表层沉积物中的重矿物(0.063~0.125mm粒级)进行了分析和研究,结果表明该粒级的重矿物共计49种,其优势和特征矿物为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿、绿帘石、铁铁矿、角闪石、锆石、红柱石等;重矿物的平均质量分数为9.56%;根据重矿物的分布和含量,并结合主要标志矿物的颗粒百分含量和分布特征,将该海域划分为5个矿物组合区,根据各区的矿物组合类型分析了该海域的物质来源及影响重矿物分布和组合的因素,进而探讨了九龙江河口湾和厦门西港海湾的沉积环境。 相似文献
76.
Khalid Maskaoui Tianling Zheng Huasheng Hong Zhiming Yu Zhong Hu Yun Tian Lizhe Cai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(3):443-451
The surface and bottom waters samples were collected from six locations in Xiamen western sea. The quantified estimation of bacterial production (3H-thymidine method) and observation of bacterial heterotrophic activity (14C-glucose method) have been made in order to have a better understanding of the role of marine bacteria and their activities. The results showed that the mean value of bacterial heterotrophic activity was 9×108 cells/(L.h) in the surface waters and 2.6×108 cells/(L.h) in the bottom waters. The mean value of bacterial production was 38×108 cells/(L.h) in the surface waters and 7.1×108 cells/(L.h) in the bottom waters. The relationship between bacterial production, heterotrophic activity, POC and DOC measured during this survey were discussed. The good understanding of the relationship between bacteria activity and total coliform was addressed. 相似文献
77.
This paper addresses an important problem in ship control application—the robust stabilization of underactuated ships on a linear course with comfort. Specifically, we develop a multivariable controller to stabilize ocean surface ships without a sway actuator on a linear course and to reduce roll and pitch simultaneously. The controller adapts to unknown parameters of the ship and constant environmental disturbances induced by wave, ocean current and wind. It is also robust to time-varying environmental disturbances, time-varying change in ship parameters and other motions of the ship such as surge and heave. The roll and pitch can be made arbitrarily small while the heading angle and sway are kept to be in reasonably small bounds. The controller development is based on Lyapunov’s direct method and backstepping technique. A Lipschitz continuous projection algorithm is used to update the estimate of the unknown parameters to avoid the parameters’ drift due to time-varying environmental disturbances. Simulations on a full-scale catamaran illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed controller. 相似文献
78.
A Computational Model for Velocity Separation in Shallow Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the hydrodynamical feature and the theoretical velocity profiles of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow in shal-low sea, a computational model is established for the first time, which can separate observed velocity into tidal velocity and wind-induced velocity by use of the least square method. With the model, not only the surface velocities of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow are obtained, but also the bed roughness height is determined and the wind velocity above the wa-ter surface is estimated. For verification of the model, the observed velocity in the Yellow River Estuary and the laborato-ry test is separated, then it is applied to the Yangtze River Estuary. All the results are satisfactory. The research results show that the model is simple in method, feasible in process and reasonable in result. The model is a valid approach to analysis and computation of field dala, and can be applied to separate the observed velocity in shallow sea; at the same time, reasonable boundary conditions of th 相似文献
79.
本文用能谱方法分析了黄海的海表面水温(SST)场的准周期变化。由分析结果清楚地看出,SST具有高频准周期变化:黄海北部以2.6—3.2,1.4—1.7,3.6—3.8和6.7个月的准周期为主;3.3—3.6,5,1.3—2.3及6.7个月在黄海南部占优势。同时,两个海域都有6.7和3.3年的明显的准周期变化。 相似文献
80.
Management of summer-spawning herring off Iceland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1