定位卫星轨道监视系统研究

与卫星测控中心的卫星轨道参数相比,地球同步卫星定位系统中轨道计算子系统所计算出的卫星星历数据具有实时性强、精度高的特点,如何有效利用该星历数据来分析卫星轨道运行情况是该领域的一个热门研究课题。在介绍卫星轨道测定法的基础上,提出了以卫星速度变化率和卫星星下点为主要监视内容的卫星轨道监视系统,通过系统的试运行结果可以看出,该系统能够有效地监视卫星的瞬时和长期运行情况,为卫星的在轨运行管理提供了一种直观、形象的监视方法。     

风云卫星遥感数据高精度地理定位软件系统开发研究

为了适应风云气象卫星遥感数据高精度地理定位要求,在研究和比较分析现有环境气象卫星遥感数据地理定位方法,尤其对其中关键的轨道计算模型进行对比研究之后,我们使用变阶变步长多步卫星轨道数值计算模型(DE/DEABM)进行气象卫星轨道计算,研制开发了新一代卫星轨道计算及遥感数据地理定位软件系统.该软件系统中卫星轨道数值积分计算模型包含了多项摄动因素计算,特别是对低轨卫星影响较大的因素,其中地球的球形引力项使用了高精度高阶EGM-96地球引力场模型,提高了非球形引力摄动计算精度,另外还考虑了太阳、月亮引力项,辐射光压摄动和大气摄动因素,使得轨道计算精度大大提高.在遥感数据定位算法开发工作中,以中国2002年5月发射的风云1号D星10通道扫描辐射计和计划2008年上半年发射的风云3号A卫星中分辨率光谱成像仪等遥感仪器为对象,比较详细地分析和研究了探测器、焦平面、主光学系统和扫描镜等遥感仪器几大关键部件的光学几何关系,提高了坐标转换系统计算精度.经过对风云1号D星多天逐日的轨道计算和定位计算试验,结果表明该软件系统24h风云1号D星轨道计算卫星矢径精度可达到几十厘米至几十米,较原来平根数分析解方法1000m左右精度有显著量级的提高.同时,风云1号D星遥感数据地理定位精度达到星下点1个像元.     

湖北郧西黄龙洞古人类石器技术与生存行为探讨

湖北郧西黄龙洞古人类遗址自2004年发现以来已进行过3次系统发掘,出土了距今约10万年的晚期智人牙齿化石、哺乳动物化石和38件石制品。文章从类型、原料、剥片技术、加工技术等方法对石制品进行综合分析。结果表明,黄龙洞古人类选择围岩内部的石英质岩脉和洞外河流形成的河卵石进行剥片和加工石器,类型包括石锤、石核、石片、石器、断块和碎屑等,个体以中小型居多;锤击法为剥片基本方法,砸击法被少量使用;石器多为片状毛坯制作而成,刮削器是石器的主要类型,此外还有手镐、砍砸器、石锥和雕刻器等,石器为锤击法单向简单加工而成。另外,结合洞穴自然环境、动物化石埋藏及考古分析等证据,探讨了古人类于更新世晚期对黄龙洞的利用方式和生存行为。     

嵌入式态势显示系统的设计与开发

嵌入式态势显示系统在机动武器平台上具有重要的应用价值。本文在分析态势显示系统常用的三种开发模式优缺点基础上,改进并设计了一种适合VxWorks特点的开发模式,论述了系统的逻辑结构和功能部件,并以态势符号库管理、态势档案管理等功能模块为重点,介绍了系统的详细设计思想和实现方法。     

基于遥感影像理解模型的土地利用时空变化监测——以龙口市为例

本文从遥感影像理解模型出发,探讨了遥感信息的知识发现及特征提取问题,特别针对士地利用研究领域,提出了纳入GIS信息的遥感影像综合理解模型,将GIS数据(主要包括高程和坡度)与遥感影像结合起来,从中发现知识,并将知识用于遥感影像的专题信息提取,建立了地学规律知识库,从而提高了遥感影像的分类精度。本文基于遥感影像理解模型,发现土地利用变化区域,提取变化信息,动态地监测了龙口市土地利用的时空变化情况。     

欧北地区深层三维地震采集技术

辽河盆地由于其特殊的地震地质条件,以往采集的深层地震资料信噪比和分辨率都较低,已经严重制约了油田的进一步勘探和开发.为了彻底摆脱地震资料品质对勘探工作的束缚,努力提高资料的信噪比和分辨率,辽河油田首先选择辽河盆地东部凹陷欧利坨子北为突破口,通过采取最佳岩性激发、有效弱信号保护和变观测系统施工等一系列的技术措施,取得了较好的效果.     

基于传统吸附烃概念的烃类检测新技术

烃类是地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标.目前我国油气化探中常用的酸解烃法检测出的烃类,不应定义为"吸附烃",它是介质吸收的产物,属结合态烃类,应定义为"吸收烃".地表酸解烃异常十分稳定,重现性好,能够很好地证明地质历史上曾经有过的烃类运移过程,但在反映目前深部油气信息方面具有多解性.针对酸解烃法的弱点,依据烃类垂向运移理论和物质吸附作用原理,自行设计开发、研制了一套吸附烃脱气装置,建立了土壤吸附烃提取新技术和检测方法.该方法有利于在近地表获取油气系统的动态信息,强化烃类测量法对其信息源的探测,可以提高地表油气化探预测油气分布的成功率.     

Research Advances and Exploration Significance of Large-area Accumulation of Low and Medium Abundance Lithologic Reservoirs

In recent years, a series of large low and medium abundance oil and gas fields are discovered through exploration activities onshore China, which are commonly characterized by low porosity-permeability reservoirs, low oil/gas column height, multiple thin hydrocarbon layers, and distribution in overlapping and connection, and so on. The advantageous conditions for large-area accumulation of low-medium abundance hydrocarbon reservoirs include： （1） large （fan） delta sandbodies are developed in the hinterland of large flow-uncontrolled lake basins and they are alternated with source rocks extensively in a structure like ＂sandwiches＂; （2） effective hydrocarbon source kitchens are extensively distributed, offering maximum contact chances with various sandbodies and hydrocarbon source rocks; （3） oil and gas columns are low in height, hydrocarbon layers are mainly of normal-low pressure, and requirements for seal rock are low; （4） reservoirs have strong inheterogeneity and gas reservoirs are badly connected; （5） the hydrocarbon desorption and expulsion under uplifting and unloading environments cause widely distributed hydrocarbon source rocks of coal measures to form large-area reservoirs; （6） deep basin areas and synclinal areas possess reservoir-forming dynamics. The areas with great exploration potential include the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin, the Xujiahe Formation in Dachuanzhong in the Sichuan basin, deep basin areas in the Songliao basin etc. The core techniques of improving exploration efficiency consist of the sweetspot prediction technique that focuses on fine characterization of reservoirs, the hydrocarbon layer protecting and high-speed drilling technique, and the rework technique for enhancing productivity.     

GNSS three carrier ambiguity resolution using ionosphere-reduced virtual signals

This paper presents a general modeling strategy for ambiguity resolution (AR) and position estimation (PE) using three or more phase-based ranging signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed strategy will identify three best “virtual” signals to allow for more reliable AR under certain observational conditions characterized by ionospheric and tropospheric delay variability, level of phase noise and orbit accuracy. The selected virtual signals suffer from minimal or relatively low ionospheric effects, and thus are known as ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. As a result, the ionospheric parameters in the geometry-based observational models can be eliminated for long baselines, typically those of length tens to hundreds of kilometres. The proposed modeling comprises three major steps. Step 1 is the geometry-free determination of the extra-widelane (EWL) formed between the two closest L-band carrier measurements, directly from the two corresponding code measurements. Step 2 forms the second EWL signal and resolves the integer ambiguity with a geometry-based estimator alone or together with the first EWL. This is followed by a procedure to correct for the first-order ionospheric delay using the two ambiguity-fixed widelane (WL) signals derived from the integer-fixed EWL signals. Step 3 finds an independent narrow-lane (NL) signal, which is used together with a refined WL to resolve NL ambiguity with geometry-based integer estimation and search algorithms. As a result, the above two AR processes performed with WL/NL and EWL/WL signals respectively, either in sequence or in parallel, can support real time kinematic (RTK) positioning over baselines of tens to hundreds of kilometres, thus enabling centimetre-to-decimentre positioning at the local, regional and even global scales in the future.     

青海省柴达木盆地西北缘盐类矿产遥感预测研究

利用ETM多光谱遥感图像,在对盐湖区的遥感影像特征和主要地物光谱特征分析的基础上,通过波段组合变换,压抑粘土及砂砾层等地物的影响,将盐类矿产信息增强提取出来。对比前人的钾盐矿田勘查成果,所提取的盐类信息异常与现代新盐带、湿盐滩和现正在开采的钾盐矿区十分吻合。结合区域地质背景与成矿条件的分析研究,圈定了4个预测区、9处有利地段,为进一步盐类矿产勘查提供了科学依据和目标地。