低阻油气储层测井解释方法研究

对低阻油气储层的测井响应特征和储层物性特征进行了研究,并针对研究区域低阻储层的特点,以岩心与测井数据的相关性为依据,提出了适合地区特点的储层参数解释方法。通过应用三水导电模型,提高了低阻储层的测井解释精度。     

主砂体及其构造改造样式的盆地产铀远景评价判据

本文在介绍并分析美国和前苏联总结的砂岩型铀矿区域评价判据的基础上, 引入当今碎屑岩沉积学和盆地地球动力学方面的若干新进展, 提出以主砂体及其随后经历的构造改造样式相结合的盆地产铀远景评价判据和以分析区域构造活动史和原型盆地演化相结合的盆地产铀远景评价模式。最后以潮水盆地为例, 具体分析了盆地各个时代盖层容存后生铀矿化的可能性, 指出盆地中的主要找矿目标层位和远景成矿地段。     

基于VRMap平台上的电子沙盘研制

通过与国内外数字沙盘制作方式及功能的比较，详细介绍了数字沙盘研究方面的一些方法，并以中原油田数字沙盘的研制为例，选择北京灵图公司的VRMap2．3软件作为平台制作中原油田数字沙盘，为油田开发提供基本资料。     

中国北方地区春季气溶胶光学特性地基遥感研究

基于中国北方地区地基太阳直接/散射辐射计观测,分析了2001年春季气溶胶光学厚度、尺度和吸收特性。沙尘期间,气溶胶光学厚度显著升高,而尺度上升,粗粒子浓度显著增加,大气气溶胶表现出中性或异常消光特征。除沙尘活动之外,中国华北地区人为排放也是导致气溶胶光学厚度偏高的一个重要原因。中国沙尘源区气溶胶单次散射反照率小于以往观测和模式结果。北京和香河两地气溶胶光学厚度、Angstrom指数和尺度谱基本相似,说明华北地区人为排放与沙尘活动类似,也表现出区域尺度的特点。由于沙尘气溶胶与人为排放气溶胶相比,折射指数实部偏大、虚部偏小,从而北京地区沙尘期间单次散射反照率明显大于非沙尘期间,特别是在近红外波段,说明沙尘活动不仅可以通过增加气溶胶光学厚度,同时也通过改变气溶胶物理、辐射特性来影响下游地区的气溶胶辐射强迫。     

Slump-initiated and controlled syndepositional sandstone remobilization: an example from the Namurian of County Clare, Ireland

Remobilization of sandstones can dramatically reconfigure original depositional geometries and results in very unusually shaped sandstones, which resemble little, if any, of the original geometry. A number of deformational sandstone bodies, dykes and volcanoes from the upper part of the Carboniferous Ross Formation are described, which offer the opportunity to examine a suite of field-scale reconfigured sandstones. These structures are located in close proximity to the Ross Slide, which outcrops along a 2-km section on the northern coast of the Loop Head Peninsula, County Clare, Ireland. Dome- and ridge-shaped deformational sandstone bodies, dykes and volcanoes are interpreted to be the product of remobilization of a turbiditic sandstone. Liquification and remobilization were triggered by translation, cessation and loading of the underlying turbiditic sandstone by the Ross Slide. Deformational sand body, dyke and volcano development occurred in an asynchronous fashion with deformational sand bodies formed during slump translation. Sand dykes and volcanoes developed after the cessation of slump movement. During slump translation, the minimum principal stress (σ₃) was orientated vertically and the slump behaved in a `ductile' manner. After slump arrest, the minimum principal stress was oriented horizontally, and the unit regained shear strength to behave in a `brittle' manner. The relative change in rheological states with changing applied shear stress is indicative of thixotropic-like behaviour within the slump mass. Ridge-shaped deformational sand bodies are aligned parallel to slump folds, and their morphology is inferred to be controlled by compressional slump deformation associated with heterogeneous cessation of slump movement that was initiated by frontal arrest of the translating mass.     

三种被动式积沙仪积沙效率的野外实验研究

积沙仪积沙效率的高低直接影响近地表输沙率的测定，从而影响着风沙地貌的研究和风沙工程设计，对目前三种常用积沙仪在相同条件下（同一下垫面、相同风速）的积沙进行了野外观测。结果表明：（1）相同条件下，楔形积沙仪积沙量远远大于其它两种；（2）近地面积沙量随高度分布上，楔形积沙仪能更好地反映风沙流结构；（3）与其它两种积沙仪相比，楔形积沙仪所采集沙子中的小粒径颗粒含量明显多于其它两种积沙仪结果，而较大粒径颗粒的含量呈相反趋势，造成这些差异的原因在于楔形积沙仪采用的流线型构造和网状结构，从而对风沙流的阻挡程度较小，今后应推广楔形积沙仪的使用。     

沙坡头人工植被固沙区天然降水的入渗和分配研究

土壤、植被冠层与大气界面间(SVAT)物质传输过程日益成为水文学研究最感兴趣的领域,降水量的迁移与转换是非灌溉区SVAT主要的物质传输过程.干旱半干旱区稀疏灌丛蒸散量占降水量的90%以上,因此对降水入渗与水分在土壤内植物根际区再分配的研究显得十分重要.试验于2001年8月17日至9月30日在中国科学院沙坡头试验站进行,主要观测人工植被荒漠灌木柠条(Caragana korshinskii) 灌丛固定沙丘降水入渗与再分配过程.结果表明:在7次不连续降水过程中,土壤入渗深度与降水强度呈简单线性相关关系,土壤入渗速率约为降水强度的10倍.当次降水过程中降水强度小于0.46 mmh-1时,土壤入渗速率约为0 cm*h-1,此时的降水对沙区土壤基本上没有水分补给作用.受荒漠灌木柠条根系吸水作用的影响,其根系密集剖面深度40～140 cm内降水水分入渗积累不明显.降水入渗速率及入渗深度受土壤剖面初始含水率多寡而变化,干燥土壤剖面有助于提高瞬时入渗速率.降水以后随着时间的推移,人工固沙区微环境内空气温度、湿度等气象条件适宜,柠条生长进入相对旺盛阶段,其根系密集层140 cm深度处土壤含水率在总体上下降的过程中,表现出昼消夜长的趋势,试验期间翌日 8:00时土壤含水率值略高于前一日20:00时水分值 0.1%～0.3%.     

Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface

Particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) measurement technology was used to study the turbulent characteristics and the variation with height of the mean horizontal (in the downwind direction) and vertical (in the upward direction) particle velocity of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. The results show that the mean horizontal particle velocity of the cloud increases with height, while the mean vertical velocity decreases with height. The variation of the mean horizontal velocity with height is, to some extent, similar to the wind profile that increases logarithmically with height in the turbulent boundary layer. The variation of the mean vertical velocity with height is much more complex than that of the mean horizontal velocity. The increase of the resultant mean velocity with height can be expressed by a modified power function. Particle turbulence in the downwind direction decreases with height, while that in the vertical direction is complex. For fine sands (0.2–0.3 mm and 0.3–0.4 mm), there is a tendency for the particle turbulence to increase with height. In the very near-surface layer (<4 mm), the movement of blown sand particles is very complex due to the rebound of particles on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air. Wind starts to accelerate particle movement about 4 mm from the surface. The initial rebound on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air have a profound effect on particle movement below that height, where particle concentration is very high and wind velocity is very low.     

银川市初夏气溶胶粒子谱分布特征

利用美制APS—3310A型激光粒谱仪，在中国西北城市银川对大气气溶胶粒子进行现场观测，结合气象条件，并通过理论计算分析，给出了银川市初夏大气气溶胶的日变化特征、3种不同粒径粒子分布特点及飘尘谱分布特征，以期为银川市大气污染总量控制方案及对策提供科学依据。     

Sand harm in Taklimakan Desert highway and sand control

Reputed as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction history, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447- km-long passage of sand sea consisting of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and complex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conducting the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways including mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress in the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretical research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encroachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectively halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently.