崇左市气象台站装备维修保障的思考

通过对崇左市气象部门技术装备保障工作现状的分析,找出了崇左市气象部门技术装备保障工作存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

关于提升测绘地理信息规划编制水平的思考

在总结国内外规划编制理论和实践的基础上,对测绘地理信息规划编制现状提出,要从加强规划理论研究,探索规划研究编制、决策相分离模式,创新行业主体参与渠道和模式,建立专家问责机制和退出机制,完善规划实施效果评估机制等优化编制程序,并完善规划内容等方面来提升规划编制的水平。     

地球物理台网仪器维修信息管理的研究与实现

针对地球物理台网仪器维修信息化薄弱的现状,提出一个规范的地球物理台网仪器维修流程,并对故障仪器的流通和维修订单的处理动作等信息进行研究,设计了满足地球物理台网仪器维修信息管理的数据库结构,设计和实现了基于B/S架构的仪器维修管理系统,并在全国地球物理台网业务中部署使用。该系统具有可视化流程操作、维修资源弹性可扩展、维修信息共享和维修资源协同化的特点,满足地球物理台网仪器维修信息化管理需要,并为其它地震仪器信息化管理系统的设计提供了借鉴。     

基于Android的控制点手持维护系统的设计与实现

针对传统的控制点管理方法无法解决信息量匮乏、信息现势性不足、不便于野外操作等问题,提出了一种新的基于Android的控制点手持管理方法。采用控制点信息建模技术和移动数据库接口技术,实现了对控制点信息的实时更新;采用网络地图服务集成技术,实现了对控制点信息的深度挖掘以及便于野外操作。通过基于Android的控制点手持维护系统的开发表明:结合Android终端与网络地图服务,可以避免传统方法的不足,更加有效的进行控制点的管理与维护。     

居民日常活动对扒窃警情时空格局的影响

扒窃现象与居民的日常活动有较强的关系,已有文献研究了不同活动场所对扒窃的影响,但鲜有考虑不同类型居民活动出行量及其场所对扒窃影响的时间差异。本文基于日常活动理论,以南方某大城市为例,以派出所为分析单元,利用居民入户调查问卷、兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）、扒窃报警数据,检验不同类型活动出行量与扒窃的时间相关性,并划分时间段,建立多个空间滞后负二项回归模型分析不同时段居民日常活动对应场所与扒窃的关系。研究发现,扒窃警情存在明显的时空集聚性,其中,凌晨和早上的集聚性最强,白天和晚上相对较弱;不同类型的日常活动对扒窃时空格局的作用存在差异。买菜活动出行量与扒窃的时间变化存在正相关关系,买菜场所在凌晨和早上容易吸引扒窃者;购物活动与扒窃亦存在较强的时间正相关,白天和晚上在购物场所附近被盗的风险较高;外出吃饭的出行量与扒窃行为无直接关系,但在凌晨和早上餐馆周边容易吸引扒窃者;娱乐活动与扒窃同样存在较强的时间正相关,不同类型的娱乐场所对扒窃的影响存在差异,电影院、酒吧在大部分时间段均会吸引犯罪者,凌晨时段KTV附近区域的被盗风险较高。场所对扒窃的影响主要与犯罪机会吸引（犯罪目标的丰富性、暴露性）及场所自身属性有关（是否为犯罪者的集聚地）。文中最后对时间地理学和犯罪地理学结合的可能性、研究的应用意义等方面进行了探讨。     

CIC-200型离子色谱仪常见故障解析

结合夏县中心地震台CIC-200型离子色谱仪实际观测,从仪器输液系统、分离系统、基线、管路等方面详细阐述色谱仪常见故障,逐一分析原因,并给出相应故障排除方法,为同类仪器维护提供参考,并为获得准确观测数据,延长仪器使用寿命,提出日常维护方法及建议。     

省级地震台网运维管理模式

基于地震台站专业设备和通用设备的运行维护工作特点,根据内蒙古自治区地震局各类省级地震监测台网目前所辖子台数量以及即将建设的烈度速报与预警工程监测站点数量,结合内蒙古自治区独有的区位特点,通过对地震系统兄弟单位运维体系及系统外已有行业案例调研考察,积极探索分布式运维模式的可行性。考虑支持分布式运维管理体制的支撑保障体系,在总结集中运维模式弊病的前提下,提出满足内蒙古自治区地震台站运维需求的省级地震监测中心、区域中心台、地震台三级运维模式,期望在运行中不断发现问题并完善。     

上海市集中测绘成果管理系统的建设与维护

本文在深入调研上海市集中测绘成果管理系统的基础上,通过对系统的建立与长期维护的总结,简要的介绍了系统实现的功能与系统架构,总结了系统建设过程中的思路与做法。着重阐述了系统在整合测绘处理与成果管理、保持基础数据的现势性方面所取得的成果,总结了系统在建设与使用过程中的优缺点,为其它地区建立或改造测绘成果系统提供借鉴。     

Unpaved rural roads as source areas of sediment in a watershed of the Brazilian semi-arid region

Approximately 80% of the road network in Brazil is unpaved and shows evidences of a high erosion potential. In the semi-arid Caatinga Biome in the northeast of the country, a monitoring programme has been done for two years in order to analyze runoff and sediment production from unpaved rural road-ways and from embankments. Sediment production ranged from 0.30 to 0.92 Mg/ha yr, higher than in undisturbed areas, but generally lower than that reported for unpaved roads in other regions. However, this is a semi-arid area with low rainfall and runoff and, hence, with a limited hydrological connectivity and sediment production. Sediment production on an embankment with no vegetation was around ten times higher than on an embankment with vegetation. On the road surface, annual sediment production (normalized for gradient) in a section with traffic was three times higher than for a road surface without traffic. In addition, events that occurred after roadway maintenance activities generated peaks of sedi-ment concentration of over 5000 mg/L. These results suggest that sediment production from roads and embankments with bare surfaces is at least one order of magnitude higher than in undisturbed catch-ment areas. Maintenance activity and vehicle traffic contribute to an increase in sediment availability and impact on the sediment concentration, but less intensely on sediment loads, which depend on the runoff magnitude of the events occurring after roadway maintenance. It was also found that the natural vegetation of the semi-arid region potentially captures sediment on roadway embankments;thereby playing an important role in breaking connectivity between the sediment flow from unpaved roads and the natural drainage system of the catchment.     

Assessment of environmental flows under limited data availability: case study of the Acheloos River,Greece

Abstract

The lower course of the Acheloos River is an important hydrosystem in Greece, heavily modified by a cascade of four hydropower dams upstream, which is now being extended by two more dams in the upper course. The design of the dams and hydropower facilities that are in operation has not considered any environmental criteria. However, in the last 50 years, numerous methodologies have been proposed to assess the negative impacts of such projects to both the abiotic and biotic environment, and to provide decision support towards establishing appropriate constraints on their operation, typically in terms of minimum flow requirements. In this study, seeking a more environmentally-friendly operation of the hydrosystem, we investigate the outflow policy from the most downstream dam, examining alternative environmental flow approaches. Accounting for data limitations, we recommend the basic flow method, which is parsimonious and suitable for Mediterranean rivers, whose flows exhibit strong variability across seasons. We also show that the wetted perimeter–discharge method, which is an elementary hydraulic approach, provides consistent results, even without using any flow data. Finally, we examine the adaptation of the proposed flow policy (including artificial flooding) to the real-time hydropower generation schedule, and the management of the resulting conflicts.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. Acreman

Citation Efstratiadis, A., Tegos, A., Varveris, A., and Koutsoyiannis, D., 2014. Assessment of environmental flows under limited data availability: case study of the Acheloos River, Greece. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 731–750.