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对江苏胥溪河成因及其开发利用的新探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胥溪河东坝北岸7508钻孔柱状剖面中-3.7~-5.8 m深处2 m厚的砂夹泥砾土层和东坝至下坝间的8179号孔下部存在4.5 m厚的中、粗、细粒砂层表明,在春秋吴国开凿胥溪运河之前,该处就存在规模较大的天然河流;胥溪河沿岸薛城遗址、朝墩头遗址和下家宕新石器时代遗址的存在,以及胥溪河两岸1 km范围内地表数米之下厚达数十米的淤泥层更是古中江在胥溪河一带存在的重要证据。目前胥溪河东坝所建的船闸不利于水阳江和太湖水系的沟通,也不利于发挥胥溪河流域灌溉和航运的应有作用。若能及早开发芜 (湖) -太 (湖) 运河,即进一步拓宽芜湖→固城湖→胥溪河→东坝→溧阳→宜兴→太湖的水运航道,清除水阳江和太湖水系之间由坡积物构成的分水岭岗地堆积物,不仅可缩短长江入太湖的水上航线,还可分流长江航运船只、保证安全通航率、开发古河道砂砾石资源、稳固长江堤防,解决长江下游灌溉、分洪、排涝和冲污等一系列现实问题,推动胥溪河流域经济可持续发展。 相似文献
954.
水文响应单元法在盐渍化风险评价中的应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
运用水文响应单元(HRUs)法评价洮儿河流域地下水环境空间变化对盐渍化风险等级的影响过程,利用反映地下水环境空间变化的3个重要参数:水文区权重(HZ)、水位埋深(DTW)和水位上升速率(RR),由其3个等级网格值算术相乘HRU = DTW*RR*HZ在GIS 平台上生成2001年水文响应单元图。结果表明:(1)洮儿河流域整体上盐渍化风险非常小,低风险区主要分布在水文区A、水文区B和水文区D中的安广镇、烧锅镇一带,主要原因是由于区域地下水位下降、水文区A水文及水文地质条件较好;(2)高风险区主要分布在莫莫格湿地、镇赉县境内和来福-叉干镇一带,主要是由于嫩江排泄通道受阻、地表水体的补给以及水田不合理的灌溉造成的。 相似文献
955.
Hikaru Komatsu Tomonori Kume Yoshinori Shinohara Yoshiyuki Miyazawa Kyoichi Otsuki 《水文研究》2010,24(17):2440-2451
Japan developed large areas of coniferous plantations for timber production between the 1950s and 1970s; however, forestry practices such as thinning, pruning, and harvesting in most of the plantations have declined since the 1980s. Researchers speculated that reduced forestry practices could reduce run‐off and therefore available water resources. As a countermeasure to this potential risk, many local governments have introduced local taxes to stimulate forestry practices in the plantations. However, no studies have presented evidence for decreased annual run‐off and/or low flow in watersheds where forestry practices have declined. As a starting point for assessing this risk, this study examined potential changes in the annual run‐off and low flow in the Terauchi watershed. A large area of this watershed was covered with coniferous plantations. We first surveyed the annual investment in forestry operations and the number of forest owners in the city of Amagi. (Note that Amagi includes the Terauchi watershed.) Both decreased during the period 1979–2007, indicating reduced forestry practices. The frequency distribution of plantation tree ages in the watershed also suggested reduced forestry practices. After excluding the effect of precipitation, we examined potential changes in the annual run‐off and low flow during the period 1979–2007. We did not observe significant decreases in the annual run‐off and low flow during the period. Thus, the risk of decreased water resources might be less than expected, and countermeasures to the risk should be reconsidered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
956.
To enhance the understanding of solute dynamics within the stream‐to‐riparian continuum during flood event‐driven water fluctuation (i.e., flood wave), a variable saturated groundwater flow and solute transport model were developed and calibrated against in situ measurements of the Inbuk stream, Korea, where seasonal flooding prevails. The solute dynamics were further investigated for flood waves (varying by amplitude [A], duration [T], roundness [r], and skewness [tp]) that were parameterised by real‐time stream stage fluctuations. We found that the solute transferred faster and farther in the riparian zone, especially within the phreatic zone, above which in the variable saturated zone the concentration required a significantly longer time, particularly at higher altitudes, to return to the initial state. By comparison, solute transferred shallowly in the streambed where the solute plume exhibited an exponential growth trend from the centre to the bank. The dynamic changes of solute flux and mass along the stream–aquifer interface and stream concentration were linked to the shape of flood wave. As the flood wave became higher (A↗), wider (T↗), rounder (r↘), and less skewed (tp↗), the maximum solute storage in aquifer increased. Maximum stream concentration (Cstr?max) not only presented a positive linear relationship with A or tp but also showed a negative logarithmic trend with increasing T or r. The sensitivity of Cstr_max to A was approximately two times that of tp, and between these values, the r was slightly more sensitive than T. Cstr?max linearly increased as hydraulic conductivity increased and logarithmically increased as longitudinal dispersivity increased. The former relationship was more sensitive than the latter. 相似文献
957.
Clearcutting and pine planting effects on nutrient concentrations and export in two mixed use headwater streams: Upper Coastal Plain,Southeastern USA
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Samantha C. Marchman Masato Miwa William B. Summer Scott Terrell David G. Jones S. Lynsey Scarbrough C. Rhett Jackson 《水文研究》2015,29(1):13-28
Timber harvest temporarily increases water yield; however, relationships between hydrologic and nutrient chemistry changes have not been consistent. This study quantified the effects of forest harvesting and site preparation without fertilization and with modern best management practices on nutrient concentrations and yields in small headwater streams of the Southeastern Coastal Plain. We monitored two watershed pairs for 2 years prior to and 1 year following timber harvest and for 2 more years following site preparation and planting. Treatment watersheds were clearcut, and downstream portions of streamside management zones were thinned in Fall 2003. Site preparation (herbicide application and burning) and planting followed a year later. All operations followed 1999 Georgia forestry best management practices. Previously published research revealed a large increase in water yield following harvest. Nutrient concentrations varied significantly within and between monitoring periods, even in reference watersheds. Silvicultural activities had no discernible effect on phosphorus and ammonium concentrations; however, statistically significant increases in nitrate/nitrite (67–340 µg L−1) and total nitrogen concentrations (100–400 µg L−1) in treatment watersheds followed stand re‐establishment. Nutrient yields increased after timber harvest largely as a result of increased water yields, although increased nutrient yields were small relative to inter‐annual and inter‐watershed variability and variability. Annual water yield largely explained the variability in annual nitrogen and phosphorus export from reference and treatment streams (r2 values from 0.65 to 0.98). High NOx concentrations coming from an upstream agricultural area decreased 1600–1800 µg L−1 over several hundred metres in the treatment streams by dilution, uptake or denitrification. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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笔者在西藏南部札达盆地新生代沉积地层中获得了丰富的介形类化石,根据介形类动物群在地层剖面上的分布规律,建立了两个介形类组合带:(1)Ilyocypris bradyi-Cyclocypris orum-Leucocythere dorsotuberosa组合带;(2)Leucocytherella-Candoniella zadaensis-Leucocythere mirabilis组合带。通过对研究区介形类组合带与国内外其他地区相同层位的介形类组合对比研究,将札达盆地托林组的时代厘定为中新世晚期—上新世最晚期。根据介形类动物群在剖面上的分布规律,自下而上建立了7个介形类群落:Candona-Candoniella群落;Ilyocypris-Cyclocypris群落;Leucocythere-Candona群落;Ilyocypris-Leucocythere群落;Leucocythere-Leucocytherella-Candona群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Candona群落和Ilyocypris-Leucocytherella群落。通过对介形类群落详细... 相似文献
960.
While community forestry has shown promise to reduce rural poverty, improve reforestation and potentially offset carbon emissions, many projects have failed, either partly or completely. In order to understand why community forestry succeeds or fails, we examined in detail the literature related to community forestry from three countries, Mexico, Nepal and the Philippines. We also drew on experiences in other countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa. We identified five main interconnected factors which the literature suggests are often critical to the success of community forestry. To integrate the many ways in which community forestry projects can improve the state of these factors, we use the concept of ‘bonding social capital’, i.e. communities’ ability to work together towards a common aim and ‘bridging social capital’, i.e. their ability to liaise with the outside world. To understand the interaction of the five success factors and the way in which improvements to bonding or bridging social capital may affect them, we developed a causal diagram which depicts the interrelationships between the success factors and the key points at which project inputs may be best applied. It is clear from our analysis that failing to appreciate both the complexity and interaction of the various influences may lead to project failure. 相似文献