Distinctiveness of the mesopelagic fish fauna in the Gulf of Mexico

We quantify the similarity of the Gulf of Mexico mesopelagic fish fauna to that in adjacent oceanic regions, the Venezuelan and Colombian Basins of the Caribbean Sea and the North and South Sargasso Seas. The South Sargasso and Colombian are the least similar of the areas in terms of their faunal composition, and the Venezuelan and Colombian Basins are the most similar. The Gulf fauna lies somewhere in between, and is a composite of that in the Sargasso and Caribbean Seas. The Gulf of Mexico displays the greatest abundance, biomass and richness (S=140 species), and is an intermediate in evenness (J=0.66) and percent endemism (7.1%). Our findings support the view that the centrally located Gulf is an oceanic ecotone between the Atlantic Tropical and Subtropical faunal regions.     

Drainage conditions around monopiles in sand

Large diameter monopiles are typical foundation solutions for offshore wind turbines. In design of the monopile foundations in sand, it is necessary to understand the drainage conditions of the foundation soil under the design loading conditions as the soil performance (strength and stiffness) is highly dependent on the drainage conditions. This paper presents a numerical investigation into this issue, with a purpose to develop a simple design criterion for assessing the soil drainage conditions around a monopile in sand. It is found that for typical monopile foundations in sand, the drainage condition during a single load cycle is generally expected to be undrained. However, the current state-of-practice uses p-y springs derived for drained soil responses for monopile design. The impact of this discrepancy on monopile foundation design was evaluated and found to be insignificant due to the relatively low level of loading as compared to the capacity of the soil.     

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Estimate of contribution of near-inertial waves to the velocity shear in the Bay of Bengal based on mooring observations from 2013 to 2014

Near-inertial motions contribute most of the velocity shear in the upper ocean. In the Bay of Bengal (BoB), the annual-mean energy flux from the wind to near-in...     

安徽巢湖大型平卧褶皱研究

巢湖平卧褶皱由一个背斜和一个向斜组成,枢纽呈NNE向,轴面微向NWW平卧背斜根部倾斜。卷入褶皱的地层为上震旦统至上三叠统,厚达3.1km。褶皱分布面积约380km~2,波长9km,波幅18km。后期直立褶皱叠加于平卧褶皱之上,褶皱缩短量达19.17km,缩短率约53.7％,褶皱受控于大玵台阶状滑脱断层。褶皱地层由NWW往SEE运动,是一种变动滑脱褶皱。     

一维连续导电剖面的反演问题

基于Schlumberger装置测得的视电阻率,在Coen理论的基础上对一维连续直流导电剖面的反演问题进行研究。分别给出了导电剖面是常函数、线性函数、幂函数、指数函数、分段函数情况下的精确数据和噪音数据反演结果。利用一个野外场地反演的例子,把利用该方法进行反演得到的连续模型和Inman得到的层状模型进行了相应的比较,发现该方法在处理实际场地数据也是有效的。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡特征

统计了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川自1980年以来冰川表面的单点物质平衡,分析了不同季节物质平衡及其冰川变化特征。研究表明,1号冰川厚度较之1959年平均减薄了9 599 mm;1997—2002年为实际观测以来连续的强负物质平衡时段,平均物质平衡为-739.6 mm /a。物质平衡与气温、降水的相关分析显示：1号冰川物质平衡主要取决于夏季平均气温的高低,二者具有较好的反相关关系（相关系数为-0.72）,而与降水的关系相对较差。20世纪80年代末以来,1号冰川退缩速度明显增大,尤以2000—2002年为甚,西支冰川退缩速度为连续的高值(退缩速度分别为6.92 m/a、6.95 m/a和6.25 m/a);东支冰川的退缩速度与高度大于4 200 m的高度带区间的平均物质平衡值有较好的相关关系（相关系数为0.65）,表明了1号冰川进退的动力主要源于冰川积累区的物质平衡大小。     

雷州半岛灯楼角热带海岸的景观生态分类

海岸景观由于其边缘效应而具有较高的生产力和生物多样性水平,尤其是本区的热带海岸景观,由于发育有我国大陆唯一的珊瑚礁而显独特。本文根据景观生态学的分类方法,将灯楼角热带海岸景观生态划分为3大类（自然景观、经营景观和人工景观）24亚类,并揭示了本区的景观生态系统的等级和景观的演变与时空分布;由陆向海方向上依次出现陆地景观、海岸景观和沿岸浅海景观,而区域自然景观的出现时间序列上,则是陆地景观、沿岸线海景观和海岸景观。     

土坡稳定性的极限分析方法

本文应用塑性力学中的极限分析法原理，建立了滑动面为折线时的土坡稳定性极限分析公式。通过工程实例证明，该公式具有使用简便、可靠性强等优点。它对于评价斜坡的稳定性，合理地进行滑坡治理等，都具有实际意义。     

南水北调中线工程上第三系膨胀性硬粘土的工程地质特性研究

上第三系硬粘土在中国东部新生代沉积盆地具有广泛的分布 ,因其性质复杂而成为中国区域性特殊岩土研究的重要对象。纵贯于南阳盆地和华北盆地西缘的南水北调中线工程长距离地开挖在不同的上第三系硬粘土中。本文在对南阳盆地、方城宝丰、邯郸永年三渠段上百个原状样的物质组成、物理性质、物化性质、膨胀性和收缩性、强度特性系统测试分析的基础上 ,总结了各类硬粘土的工程地质特性及其形成机理和变化规律 ,并根据不同湿度、围压状态下的试验结果分析了硬粘土的工程环境效应 ,这对于认识上第三系硬粘土在开挖运营条件下的变形破坏机理有着重要的理论和实际意义。