高可靠熔断器温度应力极限评估试验方法

提出一种熔断器温度应力极限评估试验方法。不同于熔断器现有规范中的常规温度试验和过载熔断试验,试验方法的特征是对熔断器样品施加最小熔断电流,在不同环境温度下测量熔断时间和绝缘电阻,以考察其极限能力和评估可靠性水平。选用两种国产典型型号高可靠熔断器作为试验样品,对设计的温度应力极限评估试验方法进行了试验验证,结果显示方法是合理可行的,可以指导宇航用高可靠熔断器的选择,为熔断器极限评估试验规范提供基础和依据。     

Reliability,resilience and vulnerability of a multipurpose storage reservoir / Confiance,résilience et vulnérabilité d'un barrage multi-objectifs

Abstract

The behaviour of statistical performance indices, namely, reliability, resilience and vulnerability for a multipurpose storage reservoir is examined. Monte Carlo simulations were carried using data of the Dharoi Reservoir (India) and the inflows to the reservoir were generated by following two approaches: long-memory models and short-memory models. Statistical behaviour of three indices were examined for two cases: (i) municipal and industrial water supply; and (ii) irrigation, thus making a total of six indices for the analysis. To interpret the behaviour of these indices, a probabilistic approach was followed. It was noted that when inflows generated using long-memory models were input in simulation, there were large variations in reliability, resilience and vulnerability among the runs. In contrast, when data from short-memory models were used, the indices were confined to a narrow band. Average values of reliabilities and their variance for both the demands were much higher when the data generated using short-memory models were used. Since natural geophysical hydrological data series display persistence, the results pertaining to long-memory model are closer to reality. It was also shown that the framework of analysis presented can be very useful for multicriteria analysis and interpretation of trade-offs in the reliability space.     

The influence of natural variation in discharge on juvenile brown trout population dynamics in a nursery tributary of the Motueka River,New Zealand

The effects of natural flow variation on juvenile brown trout population dynamics were investigated by biannual sampling over 5.5 years in the Rainy River, a tributary of the Motueka River. A large flood in late March (50-year return period) substantially reduced the density (by 66%) and biomass (by 73%) of 0+ trout over autumn–spring, but the cohort responded with compensatory survival to achieve similar density and biomass by spring as in other years. A low-flow event in February–April (return period >8.4 years), when 7-day low flows fell to 56% of the 7-day mean annual low flow (MALF) and were less than the MALF for 46 days, had no adverse affect on the population. We found no evidence for density-dependent growth. However, there was strong evidence for a two-phase self-thinning response in density, with no self-thinning occurring over summer (i.e. the 0+ population remained below carrying capacity) until a threshold mass of 22.08 g (length=123.7 mm) was attained in autumn after which severe self-thinning took place over autumn to spring. The results indicate that over spring–autumn the population is insensitive to flow reduction and that over autumn–spring the effects of high (and probably low) flow events on local abundance and biomass are offset by compensatory (density-dependent) survival. However, effects on the contribution of migrants to the downstream population remain unknown. The study identified ecological redundancy, which could be exploited for flow allocation. Significantly, it has shown that minimum flows equivalent to the MALF (often advocated by New Zealand conservation and fisheries management organisations) are not always necessary for sustaining juvenile trout populations.     

水情信息采集系统可靠性模型分析

分析了防汛指挥系统中水情信息采集系统的可靠性,并从理论上对描述水情信息采集系统模型的可靠性有关特征量参数进行了推导,最后得出了定量分析水情信息采集系统可靠性的方法和结论性公式。     

新疆夏尔希里自然保护区表土孢粉与植被的关系

新疆夏尔希里自然保护区保持着较为原始的生态环境,是研究植被与环境变化的理想区域。通过在保护区内从海拔1 042~2 426 m的山地草原化荒漠带、山地干草原带和山地森林带采集的33个表土孢粉样品,结合对每个样点做的植被样方调查,根据孢粉数据进行有序聚类分析和冗余分析,探讨了表土孢粉组合特征与植被之间的对应关系。结果表明:3个孢粉组合带的特征与各垂直带植被总体上有较好的对应;藜科和麻黄属花粉含量与样方植物盖度无明显相关性,这两类孢粉呈现超代表性分布特征,应该是随气流从低海拔地带传播到山地高海拔地带的区域外花粉;桦属花粉和豆科花粉与对应的桦木林及锦鸡儿灌丛植被群落有较好的对应;A/C比值和孢粉总浓度大小在区分森林带与草原化荒漠植被带时有明显的指示意义;蕨类植物孢子与降水量和海拔高度正相关,豆科植物花粉与温度正相关。由于山地地形因素引起的土壤、水分及光照度差异,在相同海拔高度的阳坡与阴坡形成的森林植被和中山草甸植被交替的过渡植被,因此孢粉组合中出现较多的花粉混合,进而降低了云杉和桦属花粉与植被盖度的相关性,这类木本花粉与植被之间的数量关系较为复杂。该现象在植物生态学分析中具有普遍性,但对表土孢粉数据在植被与气候定量重建中的应用具有较大的影响。在运用山地表土孢粉数据进行植被与气候定量重建时,需要结合植被样方资料和沉积环境特征对表土孢粉数据进行校正和筛选。     

变形监测网的可区分性分析

本文首先借助于Gauss-Markov模型下两个多维备选假设检验的理论,将变形监测网单个备选假设下的灵敏度,在顾及模型误差的情况下,扩展成监测网的可区分性理论,提出了监测网的可区分性和区分可靠性概念;其次,对于监测网在三种典型变形模型(单点移动,错动和均匀应变)下变形与粗差的可区分性进行了讨论,获得了一些有益的结论。     

边坡稳定模糊随机可靠度分析

考虑边坡稳定评价中存在的两种不确定性--模糊性和随机性,以模糊随机变量为基本变量,建立模糊随机功能函数和模糊随机极限方程,得到模糊可靠指标和模糊可靠度。本文给出模糊随机可靠度的计算方法,给出实例并与经典随机可靠度比较,得到更合理的结果。     

Seismic reliability‐based ductility demand evaluation for inelastic base‐isolated structures with friction pendulum devices

The aim of this work is to propose seismic reliability‐based relationships between the strength reduction factors and the displacement ductility demand of nonlinear structural systems equipped with friction pendulum isolators (FPS) depending on the structural properties. The isolated structures are described by employing an equivalent 2dof model characterized by a perfectly elastoplastic rule to account for the inelastic response of the superstructure, whereas, the FPS behavior is described by a velocity‐dependent model. An extensive parametric study is carried out encompassing a wide range of elastic and inelastic building properties, different seismic intensity levels and considering the friction coefficient as a random variable. Defined a set of natural seismic records and scaled to the seismic intensity corresponding to life safety limit state for L'Aquila site (Italy) according to NTC08, the inelastic characteristics of the superstructures are designed as the ratio between the average elastic responses and increasing strength reduction factors. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are developed to evaluate the seismic fragility curves of both the inelastic superstructure and the isolation level assuming different values of the corresponding limit states. Integrating the fragility curves with the seismic hazard curves related to L'Aquila site (Italy), the reliability curves of the equivalent inelastic base‐isolated structural systems, with a design life of 50 years, are derived proposing seismic reliability‐based regression expressions between the displacement ductility demand and the strength reduction factors for the superstructure as well as seismic reliability‐based design (SRBD) abacuses useful to define the FPS properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GPS控制网中起算数据的检验方法与可靠性分析

在GPS网约束平差或联合平差中,起算数据的质量直接影响成果精度,因此,对起算点的数据质量进行检验与可靠性分析显得尤为重要.本文介绍了起算数据检验与可靠性分析的基本方法,重点阐述利用"检查点法"确定最佳起算数据的方法,并以华亭GPS网为例对该方法的有效性进行了验证.     

结合mRMR选择和IFCM聚类的遥感影像分类算法

为解决高分影像特征间相关性大冗余度高、FCM聚类稳健性差带来的分类精度不佳问题,提出一种基于mRMR选择和改进FCM聚类的影像分类算法。首先基于对象置信度指标（OC）进行影像分割,然后利用mRMR算法实现特征选择,解决特征冗余问题,最后将提取的特征输入分类器通过IFCM聚类,得到最终分类结果。试验结果表明,本文算法能减少特征间相关性,降低冗余,并有效提高影像分类精度。