煤层气测井监理要点及方法

煤层气测井质量的好坏直接关联到后续工序能否正常开展,为此要求煤层气测井监理对所测参数曲线具有较强的解读和鉴别能力.然则作为新兴行业,煤层气测井监理尚未形成统一的理论和方法.通过分析打煤孔测井与煤层气测井的共性与差异,认为打煤孔测井监理与煤层气井测井监理的工作方法大相径庭,前者重点在于煤层,后者除要求煤岩解释外更侧重于曲线本身的可信度评价.根据煤层气测井监理的特点,提出了对不同测井曲线进行监理时应重点检查的内容及相应的改进措施.     

FedIDS: a federated cloud storage architecture and satellite image delivery service for building dependable geospatial platforms

Earth observation satellites produce large amounts of images/data that not only must be processed and preserved in reliable geospatial platforms but also efficiently disseminated among partners/researchers for creating derivative products through collaborative workflows. Organizations can face up this challenge in a cost-effective manner by using cloud services. However, outages and violations of integrity/confidentiality associated to this technology could arise. This article presents FedIDS, a suite of cloud-based components for building dependable geospatial platforms. The Fed component enables organizations to build shared geospatial data infrastructure through federation of independent cloud resources to withstand outages, whereas IDS avoids violations of integrity/confidentiality of images/data in sharing information and collaboration workflows. A FedIDS prototype, deployed in Spain and Mexico, was evaluated through a study case based on a satellite imagery captured by a Mexican antenna and another based on a satellite imagery of a European observation mission. The acquisition, storage and sharing of images among users of the federation, the exchange of images between Mexican and Spanish sites and outage scenarios were evaluated. The evaluation revealed the feasibility, reliability and efficiency of FedIDS, in comparison with available solutions, in terms of performance, storage consume and integrity/confidentiality when sharing images/data in collaborative scenarios.     

Risk analysis of fractured rock mass underground structures

Recent accidents in underground structures have raised the risk awareness of the geotechnical engineering community. Geotechnical design is subject to significant uncertainties in load and strength parameters as well as in engineering models. However, engineering models which objectively address such uncertainties in design are still scarce. This paper presents an objective framework for the quantification of the risks involved in underground structures excavated in fractured rock masses, where structural failures may occur due to block falls. The framework considers the structure as a distributed system, where falling block probabilities are integrated over the main structural dimension. Random block size and geometry, arising from random joint orientation, are taken into account, as well as uncertainties in joint strength and geometrical parameters. A cost function is used to quantify failure consequences in terms of the block size. The framework is demonstrated in an application to a case study involving a real structure: the Paulo Afonso IV power station cavern. Results of the case study show that the studied cavern presents high reliability and very low risk. The framework proposed herein is shown to be a practical tool for the risk evaluation of underground structures constructed in rock masses, such as caverns and tunnels.     

Estimation of ultimate bond strength for soil nails in clayey soils using maximum likelihood method

This paper presents a maximum likelihood estimation of the ultimate bond strength for soil nails in clays. Both uncensored and censored ultimate bond strength data for soil nails are collected from the literature. Based on the concept of maximum likelihood, a log-likelihood function is constructed for estimating the mean and coefficient of variation (COV) of the ultimate bond strength jointly using the two types of data. The mean and COV are determined as the pair that maximises the log-likelihood function. Two distribution models (normal and lognormal) are used for the estimation. A comparison of the relative competence between the two candidate distribution models that are adopted for describing the collected uncensored and censored data is performed using the Bayesian Information Criterion. Example designs of soil nail walls against internal pullout limit state of nails and overall stability limit state are provided to demonstrate the benefit of taking censored data into account for estimation of the ultimate bond strength of soil nails.     

Probabilistic distribution of the maximum wave height

A new method of treating maximum wave height as a random variable in reliability analysis of breakwater caissons is proposed. The maximum wave height is expressed as the significant wave height multiplied by the so-called wave height ratio.The proposed wave height ratio is a type of transfer function from the significant wave height to the maximum wave height.Under the condition of a breaking wave, the ratio is intrinsically nonlinear. Therefore, the probability density function for the     

高可靠熔断器温度应力极限评估试验方法

提出一种熔断器温度应力极限评估试验方法。不同于熔断器现有规范中的常规温度试验和过载熔断试验,试验方法的特征是对熔断器样品施加最小熔断电流,在不同环境温度下测量熔断时间和绝缘电阻,以考察其极限能力和评估可靠性水平。选用两种国产典型型号高可靠熔断器作为试验样品,对设计的温度应力极限评估试验方法进行了试验验证,结果显示方法是合理可行的,可以指导宇航用高可靠熔断器的选择,为熔断器极限评估试验规范提供基础和依据。     

Application of artificial slope stability evaluation of improved response surface method in Donggang Power Plant

The study of artificial slope stability has been a key item of geological engineering projects． Though more evaluation methods are available,result of stability evaluation simulation does not explain the actual prob- lem owing to the diversified geological engineering factors and complexity． The author made a detailed study based on surveys of large amount of geological engineering research on Donggang Power Plant slope project,dis- cussed the comprehensive factors influencing the project,and gave analytical calculation and evaluation to the improved response surface of the slope project． The study result shows that the slope is stable,which can pro- vide scientific basis for designing the slope．     

Reliability,resilience and vulnerability of a multipurpose storage reservoir / Confiance,résilience et vulnérabilité d'un barrage multi-objectifs

Abstract

The behaviour of statistical performance indices, namely, reliability, resilience and vulnerability for a multipurpose storage reservoir is examined. Monte Carlo simulations were carried using data of the Dharoi Reservoir (India) and the inflows to the reservoir were generated by following two approaches: long-memory models and short-memory models. Statistical behaviour of three indices were examined for two cases: (i) municipal and industrial water supply; and (ii) irrigation, thus making a total of six indices for the analysis. To interpret the behaviour of these indices, a probabilistic approach was followed. It was noted that when inflows generated using long-memory models were input in simulation, there were large variations in reliability, resilience and vulnerability among the runs. In contrast, when data from short-memory models were used, the indices were confined to a narrow band. Average values of reliabilities and their variance for both the demands were much higher when the data generated using short-memory models were used. Since natural geophysical hydrological data series display persistence, the results pertaining to long-memory model are closer to reality. It was also shown that the framework of analysis presented can be very useful for multicriteria analysis and interpretation of trade-offs in the reliability space.     

西安白鹿塬北缘黄土边坡稳定的可靠度分析

在西安白鹿塬北缘实测了14个黄土自然边坡断面,建立了地质模型,通过采样测试并收集已有的测试资料,获得了各时代黄土地层的物理力学参数,将Morgenstern—Price法稳定性计算公式作为极限状态方程,分别采用Monte—Carlo法和Duncan法进行了边坡稳定的可靠度分析。结果表明：采用Monte—Carlo法和Duncan法得到的14个边坡稳定系数分别为1．11～1．41和1．09～1．33,显示这些边坡处于基本稳定一稳定状态;采用上述两种方法得到的边坡可靠指标分别为0．56～1．79和0．39～1．60,得到的失效概率分别为3．4％～29．0％和5．5％～34．8％,并且共有75％的边坡失效概率大于10％,失效可能性较大。统计结果表明：白鹿塬区边坡的坡高和坡度存在负相关性。低而陡的边坡潜在最危险滑面剪出口较高,失效概率较小;坡高达到50m及以上时,边坡高而缓,剪出口较低,失效概率较大,其中河流下切深,有N2泥岩出露的极高边坡,稳定性最差。Duncan法求解的稳定系数略小于Monte-Carlo法求得的结果,而前者求解的失效概率略大于后者,两种方法计算结果较为接近。由于Duncan法理论简单,计算量小,更宜于在实际工程中应用。     

新型非黏结柔性管接头的设计和分析研究

针对传统非黏结柔性管接头安装时,由外管套扣压变形而引起的接头排气孔变形问题,研制了新型非黏结柔性管接头,不仅避免了排气孔的变形,而且提高了排气孔处的结构强度。运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对管接头的扣压过程进行仿真分析,通过对比分析结果,验证了新型管接头的结构设计合理有效,从而为非黏结柔性管接头设计提供技术参考。